Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite a rapid improvement in dialysis technology during the last 20 years, the mortality rate is still very high in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the death rate is comparable with that of many cancer patients with metastases. The main cause of mortality in ESRD is cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cardiac mortality for dialysis patients aged 45 years or younger is more than 100-fold greater than in the general population. The high cardiovascular mortality rate suggests that ESRD patients are subjected to a process of accelerated atherogenesis. Because factors proven to contribute to atherosclerosis in the general population, such as dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are highly prevalent in ESRD patients, it is reasonable to assume that such risk factors also apply to these patients. However, as it has been shown that the high cardiovascular risk in ESRD is incompletely accounted for by traditional risk factors, it may be speculated that nontraditional risk factors, seemingly more difficult to reconcile, also contribute. Among several putative nontraditional risk factors, chronic inflammation has attracted a lot of interest recently because it seems to be associated to both increased vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, both of which are important predictors of cardiovascular events in nonrenal patient groups.
 ...
PMID:Interactions between inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in end-stage renal disease. 1267 39

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in compounds present in foods that may prevent or slow the progression of chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and cancer. Saponins have been reported to have important time-dependent anti-cancer properties. We have used a highly purified and characterized saponin fraction containing the soyasapogenol B glycosides (the 'B group' saponins) from soybeans (Glycine max L.) to demonstrate a reduction in SNB 19 human glioblastoma cell invasion (45% decrease compared to untreated cells) in vitro in a Matrigel invasion assay. We have also demonstrated that triterpenoid saponin induces apopotosis and affects mictochondiral function. Dose-dependent loss of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential in SNB 19 cells occurred with treatment, along with release of cytochrome c, processing of caspase-9, and -3 and specific cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), a substrate of caspase-3. The results suggest that the saponin fraction induces apoptosis in SNB19 human glioblastoma cells by stimulating cytochrome-c release and subsequent activation of a caspase cascade. Our observations clearly demonstrate the pro-apoptotic and anti-invasive activities of the soyasapogenol B glycosides from soybeans.
Clin Exp Metastasis 2003
PMID:Triterpenoids from Glycine max decrease invasiveness and induce caspase-mediated cell death in human SNB19 glioma cells. 1285 25

The follow-up required for patients with prostate cancer is critically dependent upon the stage of disease and the ultimate goal for treatment. A major difficulty in follow-up in prostate cancer is the lack of data on outcome of various treatment modalities. Additionally, there is a lack of data on the use of treatment modalities early in the course of prostate cancer. Despite these limitations, there is a need to develop an approach to follow these patients pending further study. In this review, we critically assess the natural course of untreated prostate cancer, the complications of local therapy, and the controversy over early versus delayed hormonal therapy. As a result of this discussion, common themes emerge. Most patients diagnosed with prostate cancer die of causes other than prostate cancer such as cardiovascular disease and therefore require additional follow-up. Since patients experience local problems such as urinary obstruction more commonly than symptomatic metastatic disease, instruments to assess urinary symptoms are discussed. Finally, follow-up as a means to determine eligibility for clinical studies is discussed.
 ...
PMID:An evidence-based approach to prostate cancer follow-up. 1287 Jan 41

Despite rapid improvement in dialysis technology during the last 20 years the mortality rate is still very high in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and is in fact comparable to that of many cancer patients with metastases. The main cause of mortality in ESRD is cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cardiac mortality for dialysis patients aged 45 years or younger is more than 100-fold greater than in the general population. Recent evidence suggests that the high cardiovascular mortality rate in this patient population is associated with extensive vascular and valvular calcification. Although hyperphosphatemia may be the major cause of vascular calcification in this patient group it has been suggested that chronic inflammation also contributes to this process. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines, may promote vascular calcification in vitro. Moreover, a2-Heremans Schmid glycoprotein (fetuin), an intrinsic inhibitor of the calcification process, is down-regulated during chronic inflammation. Lower levels of fetuin have recently been found to predict mortality in ESRD. Thus, further studies are needed to elucidate the roles of calcium-free phosphate binders as well as focused anti-inflammatory treatment strategies in the prevention of vascular and valvular calcification in ESRD.
 ...
PMID:[Why do patients with kidney diseases end up with a heart of stone? Disturbances in calcium-phosphate balance and chronic inflammation important causes]. 1471 5

Despite rapid improvements in dialysis technology during the last 20 years, the mortality rate in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with dialysis is still unacceptably high and comparable to that of many cancer patients with metastases. The main cause of the increased mortality in ESRD patients is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is twice as common and advances at twice the rate already in patients with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease as compared to the general population. Although traditional risk factors are common in dialysis patients, they can only in part explain the very high prevalence of CVD in this patient group. Recent evidence demonstrates that chronic inflammation, a non-traditional risk factor which is a commonly observed in dialysis patients, may cause malnutrition and progressive atherosclerotic CVD by several pathogenetic mechanisms. Available data suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a central role in the genesis of both malnutrition and CVD in ESRD. While the long-term effects of chronic inflammation may be most important in the pathogenesis of CVD, the acute-phase reaction may also be a direct cause of acute vascular injury by several pathogenetic mechanisms. The cause(s) of inflammation in dialysis are multifactorial and include both dialysis-related and unrelated factors. Thus, it could be speculated that suppression of the vicious cycle of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome) would improve survival in dialysis patients. As there are currently no established guidelines for the treatment of chronic inflammation in ESRD patients, studies on the long-term effects of various anti-inflammatory treatment strategies on the nutritional and cardiovascular status as well as outcome in this patient group are warranted.
 ...
PMID:Systemic inflammation in dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease: causes and consequences. 1546 2

Despite marked improvements in dialysis technology during the last 20 years, the age-adjusted mortality rate in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated by dialysis is still unacceptably high and comparable to that of many cancer patients with metastases. The main cause of the increased mortality in ESRD patients is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is twice as common and advances at twice the rate already in patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease as compared to the general population. Although traditional risk factors for CVD are common in dialysis patients, they can only in part explain the very high prevalence of CVD in this patient group. Recent evidence demonstrates that chronic inflammation, a non-traditional risk factor which is a commonly observed in dialysis patients, may cause progressive atherosclerotic CVD and malnutrition, itself an important risk factor for the development of CVD, by several pathogenetic mechanisms. The causes of inflammation in dialysis are multifactorial and include both dialysis-related and unrelated factors. While the long-term effects of chronic inflammation may be most important in the pathogenesis of CVD, the acute-phase reaction may also cause vascular damage by several pathogenic mechanisms. Indeed, it seems logical to speculate that suppression of the vicious cycle of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome) in ESRD would improve survival and decrease co-morbidity in dialysis patients. As there are currently no established guidelines for the treatment of chronic inflammation in ESRD patients, more studies on the long-term effects of various anti-inflammatory treatment strategies on the nutritional and cardiovascular status, as well as outcome in this patient group, are clearly warranted and will be helpful in identifying precisely which pathways are most involved in the pathogenic process.
 ...
PMID:Chronic systemic inflammation in dialysis patients: an update on causes and consequences. 1567 81

Testicular cancer is remarkable because it is curable by combination cytotoxic chemotherapy even when widely disseminated. Treatment is defined by widely accepted staging and prognostic factors. Three cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin has been defined as the current optimum treatment in good prognosis metastatic disease, curing 90-95% of patients. Outcomes are less impressive for patients in intermediate and poor prognostic categories. A number of different approaches, including introduction of new agents and dose intensification, are being investigated to improve outcomes in these patients. Data developed over the last few years have identified increased risks of second malignancy and cardiovascular disease in long-term survivors. This has led to re-evaluation of strategies to manage Stage I patients. In particular, the use of radiotherapy in Stage I seminoma and the need for adjuvant therapy in Stage I nonseminoma are being re-examined. It is anticipated that advances in imaging and prognostic factors will facilitate this process.
 ...
PMID:Recent advances in the treatment of testicular cancer. 1575 45

Cardiac disease may occur as direct complications of heart tumors or indirect complications of malignancies related to antineoplastic therapy. While primary cardiac neoplasias are rare, metastases to various cardiac structures are common. Cardiac tumors may cause a wide variety of clinical signs and symptoms. Benign myxomas are the most common primary tumors and often can be cured by total excision. Nearly all primary cardiac malignancies are sarcomas with a poor prognosis. The cardiotoxicity of anticancer agents can lead to significant complications that can affect patients being treated for various noncardiac neoplasias. Cancer treatment, most frequently anthracyclines, but also trastuzumab, cyclophosphamide and others may compromise cardiac function. The severity of such toxicity depends on many factors such as the molecular site of action, the immediate and cumulative dose, the method of administration, the presence of any underlying cardiac condition, and the patient's demographics. Moreover, toxicity can be affected by current or previous treatment with other antineoplastic agents or by concomitant irrradiation. Cardiotoxic effects can occur immediately during administration of the drug, or they may not manifest themselves until months or years after the patient has been treated. Radiation ports that include the heart may produce late coronary artery disease or constrictive pericarditis. Since cardiovascular disease and cancer are both common, precise knowledge of therapeutic interactions and complications is warranted.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac disease in patients with tumors and tumor therapy]. 1680 15

Acute hypothyroidism induced by thyroid hormone withdrawal in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer during monitoring for remnant or metastatic disease, seriously affects multiple organs and systems, and especially in severe cases can impair quality of life. Indeed, it may induce untoward cardiovascular effects and can be hazardous in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, particularly in the elderly. Moreover, acute hypothyroidism deranges the lipid profile and exacerbates neuropsychiatric illness. The introduction of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the care of patients with thyroid cancer has widened the scope of disease management. The use of rhTSH prevents derangement of various systems at approximately equivalent societal costs to that of withdrawal and promotes compliance while preserving the patient's normal daily functioning and productivity. Its reliability allied with its safety render this compound a valid alternative in the monitoring of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma as well as providing an alternative therapeutic procedure whenever LT4-withdrawal may be hazardous or in cases of patient non-compliance.
 ...
PMID:Short-term hypothyroidism after Levothyroxine-withdrawal in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical and quality of life consequences. 1776 21

Cardiac disease may occur as a direct complication of heart tumors or as an indirect complication of malignancies due to antineoplastic therapy. While primary cardiac neoplasias are rare, metastases to various cardiac structures are common. The cardiotoxicity of anticancer agents can lead to significant complications that may affect patients being treated for various non-cardiac neoplasias. The severity of such cardiovascular damage depends on many factors, such as the site of molecular action, the immediate and cumulative dose, the method of administration, and the presence of any underlying cardiac condition. Moreover, toxicity can be affected by concomitant radiation. Cardiotoxic effects can occur during the administration of the drug, but they may not manifest themselves until months or years after the patient has been treated. Since cardiovascular disease and cancer are both common, precise knowledge of therapeutic interactions and complications is necessary.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac disease in patients with tumors and tumor therapy]. 1728 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>