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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The oncology patient can experience medical or surgical emergencies as a result of effects of the primary tumor, metastases, or systemic effects of the disease. Emergencies unrelated to the primary oncologic diagnosis, such as acute myocardial infarction, drug overdose, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, also may occur. For this reason routine emergency protocols and diagnostic procedures should be followed in the treatment of oncology patients. We review the major oncologic-related emergencies, including central nervous system and spinal cord compression, airway obstruction, cardiac tamponade, gastrointestinal obstruction, adrenal insufficiency and hypercalcemia, sepsis, and coagulopathies. Medical and surgical emergencies in the oncology patient should be treated aggressively in the emergency department because a determination about the quality of life of the patient, or the reversibility of the acute process, often cannot be answered quickly in the emergency setting.
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PMID:Emergency evaluation of the cancer patient. 646 53

Pericardial metastases are frequently found and often cause cardiac tamponade which requires emergency treatment. Pericardiocentesis or subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage can be performed; the latter is a safe and effective method for the management of continuous pericardial effusion since it can be done under direct visualization and local anesthesia. We had four patients with neoplastic cardiac tamponade who were treated successfully with subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage. In three of them neoplasms had not been found until cytology of pericardial fluid proved to be malignant when they were attacked by cardiac tamponade. If the patient with malignancy is attacked by cardiac tamponade, subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage should be performed considering neoplastic cardiac tamponade. We have described pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic cardiac tamponade.
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PMID:[Neoplastic cardiac tamponade]. 688 70

Eighteen patients with cardiac tamponade were treated by subxiphoid pericardiotomy performed with the patients under local anesthesia. This group included 9 cases of uremic pericarditis (50%), 5 cases of metastatic cancer (28%), 2 cases of trauma (11%), 1 case of tuberculosis (5.5%), and 1 case of unknown cause. Immediate relief from acute cardiac tamponade was obtained in all 18 cases with only minor and self-limiting postoperative complications, including transient supraventricular arrhythmias (five cases) and fever (five cases). There were no deaths related to either the operative procedure or reaccumulation of the pericardial effusion. The drainage period averaged 9.6 days (range, three to 28 days). Pericardial biopsy was performed in 15 of 18 cases. We conclude that subxiphoid pericardiotomy is a safe and effective method for the management of pericardial effusion of diverse causes. The ability to perform this technique safely using local anesthesia and the capacity to obtain a biopsy specimen under direct visualization make this technique superior to both needle pericardiocentesis and pericardiectomy in the acutely ill patient.
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PMID:Management of acute cardiac tamponade by subxiphoid pericardiotomy. 705 4

A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in thymus in a 59-year-old Japanese female is presented. She died of cardiac tamponade due to tumor invasion ater a 5 years' clinical course. At autopsy the main tumor was found in the thymic region with metastases to the sternum, regional lymph nodes, pericardial, and left pleural cavity. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma might be probably originated from a hen's egg-sized cyst which was located in the upper posterior aspect of the tumor-involved thymus. No teratomatous components were present. The cyst was most likely to be of thymic or bronchogenic cyst origin, though it was not determined, in view of the lining with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the cystic wall and the surrounding with the thymic tissue outside. Moreover, there was thymic hyperplasia with germinal center that was compatible with SLE-like symptoms in her past history and autoimmune nature of the autopsy findings of pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymic region. 711 3

A case of lung cancer manifested as cardiac tamponade was reported. A 64-year-old male had anterior chest pain and dyspnea. A chest X-ray films showed an enlarged heart with a solitary round shadow in the left lung hilus. Echocardiogram disclosed a large amount of pericardial effusion. Emergency pericardiectomy with drainage was accomplished. The patient lived for 8 months without effusion accumulation. Histologically adenocarcinoma of the lung with prominent lymph nodes metastases was disclosed. Surgical decompression such as pericardiectomy or pericardial fenestration is a valuable selection in the treatment of pericardial effusion and tamponade.
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PMID:[Lung cancer manifested as cardiac tamponade: a case report]. 747 96

A 64-year-old man complaining of anterior chest pain, weight loss, and neck tumors was found to have advanced gastric cancer with pleuritis carcinomatosa and multiple lymph node and bone metastases. The patient was treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of mitomycin C (MMC), tegafur (UFT), and lentinan, and then with MMC and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) instillation into the pleural spaces after pleural drainage. With these treatments, the primary tumors and cancerous ulcers of the stomach improved markedly, and the lymph node enlargement and pleural effusion disappeared completely. Afterwards pericardiac metastasis complicated by cardiac tamponade occurred, but repeated pericardiocentesis and administration of MMC into the pericardiac cavity effectively eliminated the effusion. These treatments appeared potentially useful for advanced gastric cancer with generalized metastases including pericardiac involvement. However, the patient died of cardiac tamponade with massive pericardiac bleeding, probably due to the repeated pericardiocentesis and/or the administration of anticancer drugs.
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PMID:Pericardiac metastasis from advanced gastric cancer. 755 Aug 63

The pericardial metastatic disease is rare in genital cancers but is frequent in all other cancer. The authors report the case of a female affected by both papillary ovarian cancer and pericardial metastatic disease. Carcinomatous pericarditis began with cardiac tamponade. This pericarditis is very rare during ovarian cancer and there is little informations in the literature about it. The clinical picture showed an acuteness that cleared up with many pericardial tapping paracenteses, and after six cycles of polychemotherapy we obtained the disappearance of pericardial effusion and metastasis with total disappearance of abdominal metastases and the total remission of the cancer.
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PMID:[Neoplastic pericarditis secondary to ovarian adenocarcinoma. Report of a clinical case]. 780 86

A case of 66-year-old woman with cardiac tamponade and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates is reported. These infiltrates were "pseudonodulars" and confluent. We practice pericardiocentesis and a hemorrhagic fluid is pulled out. Its cytology shown not neoplastic cells. She died and the necropsy shown an angiosarcoma of pericardium with multiple pulmonary and alone hepatic metastases.
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PMID:[Primary pericardial angiosarcoma with multiple lung and a solitary liver metastases: the clinical and anatomicopathological findings]. 799 27

Hypothyroidism is a well known cause of pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade; thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the heart and pericardium is rarely encountered in clinical practice. The authors report the case of a 68-year-old male who presented in acute distress from cardiac tamponade. Cytological examination of the pericardial and pleural fluid, and histological examination of a pericardial biopsy revealed a metastatic papillary carcinoma with psammoma bodies. Subsequent reexamination of the patient demonstrated a thyroid nodule and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule and cervical lymph nodes detected a papillary thyroid carcinoma with metastases to the lymph nodes. The literature relevant to hypothyroidism, thyroid malignancy and cardiac tamponade is briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma. 814 31

Primary heart lymphoma is an extremely rare condition and metastatic lymphomas constitute 9% of the total heart metastases. In most cases the lymphomatous involvement of the heart and/or pericardium is seen only at autopsy. It is unlikely that cardiac manifestations are the initial presentation of malignant lymphoma. We report a case of malignant lymphoma presenting with cardiac tamponade secondary to right atrial rupture.
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PMID:[Heart rupture at the right atrial level as the first manifestation of malignant lymphoma]. 869 72


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