Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and acid phosphatase (AP) in the rat sarcoma 45 (S. 45) cells and Walker carcinosarcoma (WCS) cells were estimated from the histochemical study. No significant changes were found in the histochemical reaction intensity during the tumour growth but at the late stage of WCS growth the LDH activity increased. WCS metastases were distinguished by the elevated enzyme activity of LDH as compared with the tumour. During the anticoagulant treatment the LDH and SDH activity in S. 45 and WCS cells falls, but the AP activity increases.
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PMID:[Metabolic study of sarcoma 45 and Walker carcinosarcoma cells during the process of growth and exposure to anticoagulants (an enzyme cytochemical analysis)]. 715 64

Hyperthermia (temperatures less than 42 degrees C) is widely used in the treatment of cancer. Current thrust in this field is directed towards using agents which can potentiate the effects of hyperthermia. Combined local hyperthermia (43 degrees C/2 hours) and hyperglycemia (6g glucose/kg body weight; mean blood glucose levels of 500 mg%) was investigated for treating a metastasizing form of a rat W256 carcinosarcoma. Glucose loading of the tumor-bearing rats rendered the foot tumors physically more easy to heat (due to inhibition of tumor blood flow), but combined hyperthermia and hyperglycemia lead to a decrease in survival rate (13% compared to 41% with heat alone), most animals died with widespread metastases in lymph nodes, lungs and kidneys. The data does not support the postulate that hyperglycemia leads to sensitization of tumor destruction by hyperthermia. We suggest that Corynebacterium parvum, a non-specific immunostimulant, should be thoroughly investigated as a potentiator of hyperthermia.
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PMID:Effects of hyperthermia and hyperglycemia on the metastases formation and on survival of rat bearing W256 carcinosarcoma. 715 22

A number of factors have been identified which are chemotactic for tumor cells. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to inducing directional motility in the Boyden chamber assay, these factors also induce a number of other responses. Included among these responses are cell swelling and foreign surface adhesiveness. The adherence response has been studied in detail using the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells and several other cell types. In the Walker cells, treatment with the C5a-derived tumor cell chemotactic peptide, the synthetic tripeptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol ester induces a rapid, transient adherence response. The response is completely inhibited by several agents known to block the activity of phospholipase A2 or the metabolism of arachidonic acid through the lipoxygenase pathway but is not inhibited by inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway. This suggests that lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid may actually mediate the adherence response. It has been shown that chemotactic factor treatment of animals that are bearing circulating tumor cells induces a localization of these cells at the site of chemotactic factor injection. On the basis of these observations it has been hypothesized that tumor cells respond to chemotactic factors in much the same way that leukocytes do and that tumor cell localization at metastatic sites in vivo may be influenced by chemotactic factors in much the same way that leukocyte localization at inflammatory sites is.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1982
PMID:Chemotaxis of metastatic tumor cells. 718 18

The formation of metastases can be induced at sites injected with chemotactic factors in animals with circulating, chemotactically responsive tumor cells. This study was done to examine the possibilities that this phenomenon is due to enhanced tumor localization or stimulation of tumor growth. Walker carcinosarcoma cells labelled with 125I-iododeoxyuridine were injected into the tail veins of rats subsequently given intraperitoneal injections of chemotactic factor. 24 h later there was a 2.7- to 3.5-fold increase in the number of labelled cells in the mesenteries of animals given chemotactic factors compared to controls (p less than 0.001). The distribution of cells in other viscera was not affected by the injection. No effects were observed on the kinetics of tumor growth in vitro when cultures were supplemented with these chemotactic factors or with peritoneal lavage fluids from animals previously given intraperitoneal injections of chemotactic factor. Thus, in this model, the formation of metastases can be related to the arrest of circulating tumor cells in response to local chemotactic stimuli but the promotion of tumor growth has not been demonstrated.
Invasion Metastasis 1981
PMID:Localization of intravenously injected tumor cells in the rat mesentery after intraperitoneal administration of chemotactic stimuli. 718 88

A case of carcinosarcoma of the prostate is described. Review of the literature revealed few cases, only 2 being well documented. The tumor presented as a urethral polypoid obstruction of the bladder neck and proved to involve bilaterally, the prostate and the seminal vesicles with metastases to the regional lymph nodes. Light microscopic findings are described as a multimorphic tumor with simultaneous presence of sarcoma, characteristically being malignant cartilage, rhabdomyosarcomatous component, and poorly differentiated carcinomatous areas. Controversy of this morphologic entity is discussed briefly. These tumors are highly anaplastic and rapidly fatal.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of prostate. 725 48

Injection of a C5-derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells into the peritoneal cavities of Sprague-Dawley rats induced diffuse mesenteric metastasis following the intravenous injection of Walker carcinosarcoma cells. Intraperitoneal injections of culture medium, histamine, or of trypsin-treated albumin resulted in many fewer metastases. Intraperitoneal injections of the chemotactic factor, unlike histamine, did not alter mesenteric vasopermeability as measured by the exudation of Evans blue into the mesentery. In vitro, tumor cells responded to the chemotactic factor by demonstrating directed migration in the Boyden chamber, by volume changes, measurable in the Coulter counter, and by demonstrating an increased adherence to nylon fibers. These phenomena are similar to the behavior of neutrophils in the presence of their chemotactic factors. All the responses in vitro were markedly depressed by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose, while the cell swelling response was slightly enhanced by cytochalasin B (again similar to the responses of leukocytes). The data suggest that movement of tumor cells from the circulation may be under chemotactic influence in the manner similar to the responsiveness of neutrophils to leukotactic stimuli in vivo.
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PMID:The chemotactic response of tumor cells. A model for cancer metastasis. 725 97

The patient presented with a polypoid mass, arising from the uterine cervix. Histologically the mass appeared to have two components, both of which were malignant. The first component was a surface squamous cell carcinoma, while the second was an infiltrating pseudosarcomatous lesion. The polypoid tumor mimics lesions which arise in the esophagus, pharynx, larynx, and mouth, and which have been variously classified as pseudosarcoma or carcinosarcoma. Treatment consisted of applications of radium followed, in 5 months, by radical abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The patient remains free of any clinical recurrence of the tumor after more than 2 years, suggesting a favorable prognosis. Similar lesions occurring elsewhere in the body also have a low propensity for metastases.
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PMID:Polypoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix simulating "pseudosarcoma" and "carcinosarcoma" of esophagus and upper respiratory tract. 732 77

Ten malignant canine mammary gland tumours and five metastases from three of these tumours were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against different human keratin types (K), alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin. In all tumours the neoplastic epithelium was rather homogeneously labelled with the keratin MoAbs RCK 102 (K 5 and 8) and CAM 5.2 (K 8). The adenocarcinomas (n = 5), the solid carcinomas (n = 2), and the carcinosarcoma (n = 1) showed heterogeneous labelling with the MoAbs specific for luminal cell antigens in the normal canine mammary gland, i.e., K 18, K 7 and K 19 MoAbs. These cells were also immunoreactive with K 4 and K 10 MoAbs. The spindle cell carcinomas (n = 2), however, did not react with these MoAbs. All tumours except one adenocarcinoma were characterized by the absence of immunoreactive labelling with the alpha-smooth muscle actin MoAb. In the solid carcinomas this was associated with the absence of labelling with one or both basal cell specific keratin MoAbs, i.e., 8.7 (K 14 and 17) and RCK 107 (K 14), respectively. In contrast, the other malignant tumours showed marked labelling of neoplastic epithelium with these MoAbs. Another remarkable finding was the labelling of a limited to moderate number of neoplastic epithelial cells with the vimentin MoAb. The presence of such labelling patterns in canine mammary gland tumours may be indicative of malignancy. Metastatic tumour tissues had a labelling pattern largely similar to that of the primary tumour, although also loss of reactivity for some keratin MoAbs was seen.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry with keratin, vimentin, desmin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibodies in canine mammary gland: malignant mammary tumours. 750 11

Carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract have generally been regarded as a type of sarcoma. Recent evidence suggests, however, that they may be more closely related to carcinoma. The histologic features of 29 carcinosarcomas with documented metastases were analyzed to study the relative importance of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components and attempt to provide further evidence on the histogenesis of these neoplasms. Patients' ages ranged from 33 to 81 years (mean, 68). The primary tumor originated in the uterus in 17 cases, the ovary in 11, and the fallopian tube in one. Heterologous sarcoma was present in 21 of the primary tumors (72%). Myometrial invasion was present in all 15 of the uterine tumors treated with hysterectomy and consisted only of the carcinomatous component in 12 cases (80%). In two cases, which possibly developed as "collision"-type carcinosarcomas, the myometrium was separately invaded by carcinoma and sarcoma. Myoinvasive tumor consisted solely of sarcoma in one case. Lymphatic-vascular invasion was found in 10 of the primary tumors (eight uterine, two extrauterine) and consisted of pure carcinoma in all instances. The cellular composition of 62 metastases was evaluated. Of these, 51 metastases were diagnosed concurrently with the primary tumor in 21 patients (73%). Eleven metastases were diagnosed from 2 to 26 months after initial treatment. Carcinoma only was found in 43 metastases (70%), both carcinoma and sarcoma in 15 (24%), and sarcoma alone in four (6%). A total of 35 lymph node metastases occurred in 10 cases, consisting of carcinoma alone at 34 sites. The sole example of a purely sarcomatous lymph node metastasis occurred in one of the possible uterine "collision"-type tumors. Intraperitoneal metastases to serosal surfaces or the omentum occurred in 19 cases and consisted of both carcinoma and sarcoma in 14 and carcinoma only in five. Vaginal metastases occurred in four cases and consisted of only carcinoma in two, carcinoma and sarcoma in one and only sarcoma in one. Four patients had distant organ metastases, including one each to the liver (carcinoma only), breast (carcinoma only), bone marrow (sarcoma only), and brain (sarcoma only). Of the 51 concurrent metastases, only carcinoma was present in 37 (73%), both carcinoma and sarcoma in 13 (26%), and sarcoma alone in one. Of the 11 subsequent metastases, carcinoma alone was found in six (55%), sarcoma alone in three (27%), and both carcinoma and sarcoma in two (18%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract. A pathologic study of 29 metastatic tumors: further evidence for the dominant role of the epithelial component and the conversion theory of histogenesis. 775 53

Sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung are uncommon neoplasms; the concurrent presence of malignant epithelial and sarcomatoid spindle cell components show a high malignancy. Lymph node metastases at presentation is an important prognostic factor, on the other way the most patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung usually presented at an advanced stage that needed a complementary therapy. The Authors report about one surgical case of pulmonary carcinosarcoma recently observed without lymph node metastases; the literature is reviewed and the histogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:[Pulmonary carcinosarcoma]. 800 Nov 90


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