Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because the results with cobalt-57-bleomycin (57Co-bleo) as a tumour-seeking agent in patients with pulmonary tumours were promising, a prospective study was carried out to test the sensitivity and selectivity of this technique for metastases in lung hila and mediastinum in a group of patients with bronchial cancer. The sensitivity of 57Co-bleo scintigraphy appeared to be higher than that of routine radiological investigations and mediastinoscopy. For this reason it is suggested that 57Co-bleo scintigraphy can be used as a method to select patients for mediastinoscopy.
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PMID:Cobalt-57-bleomycin scanning of hila and mediastinum in patients with bronchial carcinoma: a prospective study. 6 19

Therapy results in bronchogenic carcinoma remain unchanged since the establishment of thoracic surgery. Prognosis depends on the two main factors: histological type and extension of disease at the time of diagnosis. Both factors are mutually dependent. Small cell carcinoma of the bronchus represents a special entity with its early hematogenous spread and the poorest prognosis of all bronchogenic carcinomas. The tumor is highly sensitive to radioor chemotherapy. A marked prolongatoion of medium survival time can be obtained by combination chemotherapy. This is usually accompained by an obvious improvement in the patient's general condition. In certain cases results can be further improved by irradiation of the primary tumor and the mediastinum. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is often indicated because of the frequent cerebral metastases. Results of chemotherapy are much less impressive in adenoor squamous-cell carcinomas of the bronchus. Such therapy can only be recommended for the exceptional case. Pilliative radiotherapy should be used freely. Till now, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery has only proven its value in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy in bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. 6 29

Four cases of obstruction of the superior vena cava caused by inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma are presented in which the signs and symptoms were disabling. Palliation was achieved by placing a 10 mm. Dacron prosthetic bypass graft between the left innominate vein and the right atrial appendage, resulting in prompt relief. All patients were given warfarin for anticoagulation and subsequently deep x-ray therapy and diuretics were added. There was no operative or hospital death or morbidity. Two of the patients died of distant metastases at 14 and 6 months, respectively, postoperatively. The other two are alive and well at 11 and 5 months after the operation. Venous obstruction has not recurred to date in any of the four patients. A relevant review of the literature has been made.
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PMID:Malignant obstruction of the superior vena cava and its palliation: report of four cases. 6 75

With reference to the recent literature, a representation of case-history, therapy and prognosis of bronchial carcinoma is made. Inhalation of tar products by smoking, as well as predominantly occupational dust are the important etiological factors for the increase in bronchial carcinoma. Because of the long occult progression of the disease the diagnosis based on clinical symptoms is made very late. Only a greater effort in organisation and diagnostics permits an early detection in high-risk groups. Therapeutic success has remained constant since the sixties. Up to now only the consequent pre-operative selection of patients has been significant for improvement of surgical results. Five-year cures are more frequent after lobectomy than after pneumonectomy. In radiation therapy, the use of high-voltage gamma rays in contrast to conventional deep radio-therapy, has not brought any significant improvement. An additional intensive and individual care and follow-up of patients is of vital importance. The optimal curative radiation dose is 6000 rad. Particularly pre-operative irradiation is important to prepare some inoperable patients for curative surgery. Postoperative radiation therapy is also valuable for doubtful radical surgery and after exploratory thoracotomy. Palliative radiation therapy results in rapid disappearance of symptoms; with generalized disease or in suspicion for formation of metastases, chemotherapy should be preferred. This is particularly true for anaplastic, small and large cell carcinomas, and their rapidly growing metastases. In those cases, combination of polychemotherapy may decrease the tumor size and increase the length of remission. The prognosis depends on microscopic tumor type, stage of the disease, and therapy. Abnormal excretion of steroids and immunological disturbances are prognostic at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:[Bronchial carcinoma. Problems and treatment with special reference to radiotherapy (author's transl)]. 7 Jul 93

Of 740 mediastinoscopies carried out from january 1966 to january 1976, 581 were performed to assess the operability of a pulmonary carcinoma. Of these, 42% were positive and 58% were negative. The remaining 159 mediastinoscopies were performed as aids in the diagnosis of affections of the lungs and mediastinum. Of these, 63% were positive and 37% were negative. Patients with bronchial carcinoma and a negative mediastinoscopy were regarded as operable; patients with a positive mediastinoscopy were regarded as inoperable because of mediastinal metastases (Nohl, 1956; Reynders, 1964; Carlens, 1965). Nevertheless a small number of patients with a positive mediastinoscopy were operated during an initial period.
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PMID:The value of mediastinoscopy in the assessment of the operability of bronchial carcinoma respective five years survival after resection. 7 37

In 53 p.c. of 175 patients with bronchial carcinoma the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated at the time of diagnosis. In patients with small well bordered tumors (T 1/2) 31 p.c. proved pathological CEA-values in comparison to 80 p.c. in patients with heamatogenic metastases. After radical tumor resection (36 patients) elevated CEA-levels returned to normal ranges within 5 weeks. No decrease could be observed after palliative operations (16 patients). If there existed haematogenic metastases normal CEA-values increased postoperative. Such an increase occured up to ten weeks before metastases could be found by other methods. In cases of bronchial carcinoma CEA-measurements are usefull to evaluate the effect of operation and in the follow up time. It should be carried out on principle in those patients which can be considered for a surgical therapy.
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PMID:[The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bronchial carcinoma before and after operation (author's transl)]. 7 67

A patient with a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion secondary to an undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma with distant metastases was treated with demethylchlortetracycline. Up until recently, treatment of this syndrome was based on water restriction and when the plasma sodium concentration became extremely low, hypertonic saline solution administration. Recently it has been demonstrated that the antibiotic demethylchlortetracycline inhibits the action of the antidiuretic hormone on the renal tubules. The drug has been used successfully in five patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The administration of 900 mg of demethylchlortetracycline per day for 7 days in our patient produced an increase of free water clearance, diuresis, plasma sodium concentration, and plasma osmolarity. Urinary excretion of sodium and urinary osmolarity declined. Furthermore, the neurological symptoms attributed to hyponatremia improved markedly. The patient lost 6 kg during treatment, probably because of negative water balance induced by demethylchlortetracycline. Even though the administration of demethylchlortetracycline did not produce significant decreases in the glomerular filtration rate or renal blood flow in our patient, it is advisable to control the renal function in individuals treated with this drug since it may on occasion determine renal insufficiency.
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PMID:[Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion with demethylchlortetracycline (author's transl)]. 11 37

The repeated finding of malignant or suspicious cells in the sputum of an apparently normal person must not be ignored. Immediate and intensive attempts should be made to localize the carcinoma. Sometimes, in the presence of a central tumour an early diagnosis can be made radiologically. With peripheral tumours and early diagnosis is more likely. The most successful method for the early localisation of an occult bronchial carcinoma is fibre optic bronchoscopy, with selective bronchial aspiration. Consistent finding of malignant cells in the secretions from a lobar bronchus, provided contamination can be excluded, justifies surgery such as a lobectomy. Delay in instituting treatment while waiting for radiological or bronchoscopic confirmation reduces the chance of successful surgery because of the possibility of metastases or the development of cardiological or respiratory complications.
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PMID:[X-ray negative pulmonary carcinoma with positive sputum cytology (author's transl)]. 14 95

The in vitro spontaneous lymphocyte rosette (T cell) assay was used to determine cellular immunologic competence in 112 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Among preoperative patients with localized tumors. T cell levels were significantly lower than in 237 normal controls. With advanced stages of disease, T cell levels declined progressively among patients with squamous cell carcinoma, oat cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma, but not among patients with adenocarcinoma. Squamous carcinoma patients considered cured had persisting low T cell levels, but cured adenocarcinoma patients had normal levels. Serial determinations that showed a fall in T cell levels preceded the development of clinically evident metastases by an average of 2.5 months. Postoperative patients with rising T cell levels have remained clinically free of disease. The data indicate that T cell levels correlate with extent of tumor and clinical course of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. The assay may, therefore, provide a rational basis for the selection of patients who are at high risk for the development of recurrence after surgical resection and who may benefit from the early institution of adjunctive therapy.
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PMID:Thymus-dependent lymphocyte levels in bronchogenic carcinoma: correlations with histology, clinical stage, and clinical course after surgical treatment. 16 38

In the course of pretherapeutic diagnostics of bronchogenic carcinoma, bone marrow biopsy revealed in ten out of 116 patients (9%) and radiographic skeletal survey in 16 out of 62 patients (26%) metastases to the skeleton. The two methods are complementary with reference to anaplastic and oat-cell carcinomas. On account of our experiences, we never fail to control the skeleton before the beginning of a local curative therapy in bronchial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Demonstration of skeletal metastases using the bone marrow biopsy and the radiographic skeletal survey within the scope of pretherapeutic diagnosis in bronchial carcinoma]. 17 Jul 15


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