Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Integrated fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) for adrenal gland imaging in cancer patients allows early detection and accurate localization of adrenal lesions and differentiation of metastatic nodules from benign lesions, thereby facilitating treatment planning. However, false-positive findings are encountered at integrated PET-CT in approximately 5% of adrenal lesions identified as positive at PET, including adrenal adenomas, adrenal endothelial cysts, and inflammatory and infectious lesions. Moreover, false-negative findings may be seen in adrenal metastatic lesions with hemorrhage or necrosis, small-sized (<10-mm) metastatic nodules, and metastases from pulmonary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma or carcinoid tumors. An awareness of the potential pitfalls of integrated PET-CT enhances the diagnostic efficacy of this modality by allowing differentiation of metastatic adrenal lesions from other abnormalities.
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PMID:Integrated PET-CT for the characterization of adrenal gland lesions in cancer patients: diagnostic efficacy and interpretation pitfalls. 1710 52

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is a primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC) arising in the cells of the terminal respiratory unit. Its restrictive definition adopted by the 1999 WHO pathological classification requires a complete surgical resection of the tumour to exclude any signs of invasion. Although stage IIIB and IV tumours were excluded from the strict WHO definition of BAC the first international workshop on this tumour in 2004 emphasised the clinico-pathological continuum that exists between BAC as defined by WHO and ADC with BAC features (ADC-BAC). BAC and ADC-BAC are distinguished from other non-small cell carcinomas by an increased incidence in women, non-smokers and Asians. The predominant spread through the airways explains the frequent presentation as diffuse or multifocal consolidation and death is more often due to bilateral pulmonary infiltration than extra-thoracic metastases. Progression is slower and the prognosis better than that of other ADC. Surgery offers the best treatment for localised disease. The high frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and amplification and/or mutation of its gene, as well as the finding in some cases of a major response to EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, have lead to several therapeutic trials of these drugs. However, the place of chemotherapy has recently been reviewed.
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PMID:[Clinical types of thoracic cancer. Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features: a clinico-pathological spectrum]. 1726 53

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is a pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC) developing in the terminal respiratory units. The restrictive definition adopted by the 1999 WHO pathological classification requires a complete resection of the tumour to exclude any evidence of histological invasion. Although IIIB-IV tumours were excluded from the strict WHO definition of BAC, the first international workshop on BAC in 2004 focussed on the need to include in the same disease spectrum both pure BAC and ADC with BAC features (ADC-BAC). BAC and ADC-BAC more frequently affect women, non-smokers and Asians than other non-small cell carcinomas. Their predominantly lepidic airway progression frequently results in a multifocal or diffuse pneumonic presentation and explains why death is more frequently due to bilateral pulmonary involvement than extrathoracic metastases. The natural history is slower and the prognosis better than other ADC. Surgical resection remains the best therapeutic option for localised tumours. The high incidence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression on tumour cells and its gene amplification and/or mutation together with a particular sensitivity of this entity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, offer a new strategy of therapeutic management in patients with unresectable tumours. However, the place of chemotherapy has recently been re-evaluated.
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PMID:[Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features: a clinico-pathological spectrum]. 1823 10

The halo sign is a circular area of ground-glass attenuation that is seen around pulmonary nodules at computed tomography (CT). Although the sign is most often an indication of pulmonary hemorrhage, it may also accompany other lesions associated with different disease processes. Examples are hemorrhagic nodules of infectious origin (mucormycosis, candidiasis, tuberculosis, viral pneumonia, and invasive aspergillosis--the last being the most common cause of the CT halo sign); hemorrhagic nodules of noninfectious origin (Wegener granulomatosis, Kaposi sarcoma, and hemorrhagic metastases); tumor cell infiltration (bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, lymphoma, and metastasis with intra-alveolar tumor growth); and nonhemorrhagic lesions (sarcoidosis and organizing pneumonia). Diagnosis must therefore be based on careful consideration of all the CT chest findings within the context of the patient's clinical state. The aim of this review was to describe and illustrate different disease processes that appear as a halo sign on CT scans, to analyze the value of this diagnostic tool, and to assess its correlation with pathology findings.
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PMID:[The halo sign in computed tomography images: differential diagnosis and correlation with pathology findings]. 1872 92

We report a well-documented case of pulmonary mucinous cystic tumour of borderline malignancy involving the left lower lobe. The lesion was found incidentally by chest radiograph and CT scan with a provisional diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. The tumour was 4 cm in its greatest dimension, cystic and filled with gelatinous mucus. Microscopically, the neoplastic mucinous epithelium was composed of cuboidal cells with focally nuclear stratification and mild to moderate nuclear atypia. The patient has remained free from recurrence or metastases for 6 years. Pulmonary mucinous cystic tumour of borderline malignancy is a rare, recently described neoplasm, which spans a spectrum of tumours with malignant potential. The recent World Health Organization classification of lung tumours does not recognize this entity, which has a very good prognosis, and as such should be distinguished from classic pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Histological diagnosis can be difficult to distinguish from cystic bronchioloalveolar carcinoma or metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:A pulmonary mucinous cystic tumour of borderline malignancy. 1884 26

A 82-year-old man was found to have mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma associated with a cavity 10-cm in size in the right lower lobe, and he underwent a surgical lobectomy in April 2005 (pT2N0M0). Seven months after the surgery, chest images showed multiple metastases with thick-walled cavities in bilateral lung fields. The serial HRCT showed that thick-walled cavity lesions transformed into thin-walled cystic cavities associated with decreasing serum CEA levels. The patient's condition was good with best supportive care for 24 months from the time of recurrence. Subsequent progression of the thick-walled cavities into thin-walled cavities, was acompanied by re-elevation of serum CEA levels, and he died of respiratory failure 5 months after re-exacerbation. Macroscopic findings at autopsy showed multiple cavities in both lungs. Microscopic findings of the right lung showed desquamative mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma cells lining the thick-walled cavity surface, and a single layer of tumor cells proliferating in the thin-walled cavity surface. Tumor cells with excessive mucus and necrosis were observed in the thick-walled cavities. It is suggested that thick-walled cavities were formed as a result of avascular necrosis and destruction of the pulmonary alveoli by excessive mucus, and thin-walled cavities were formed as a result of a check-valve mechanism.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma associated with multiple thin-walled cavities]. 1960 29

Localized ground-glass opacities (GGOs) have been recently individualized and account for between 2.9% and 19% of all pulmonary nodules detected in high-risk patients included in CT screening series for lung cancer. These opacities, nodular, lobular or flat, correspond to benign lesions (localised infectious and inflammatory diseases, focal interstitial fibrosis, and atypical alveolar hyperplasia) or malignant lesions (bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, early-stage adenocarcinoma and sometimes metastases). Localized GGOs are more likely to be malignant than solid nodules and prognosis is related to the percentage of the ground-glass component. However, doubling time of pure localized malignant GGOs is longer than mixed localized malignant GGOs and even longer than the doubling time of solid malignant nodules. Therefore, localized GGOs warrant a dedicated diagnostic workup.
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PMID:[Localized pure or mixed ground-glass lung opacities]. 1995 78

The association between thymic tumors and other intrathoracic or extrathoracic neoplasms is relatively rare; the synchronous occurrence of thymoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma of the lung has never been described so far. A huge B3 cystic thymoma was found at thoracotomy to be associated with stage IV bronchoalveolar carcinoma (intraparenchymal and pleural metastases). The thymic tumor was completely resected; lung cancer was biopsied only for diagnosis and staging purposes. After an uneventful postoperative course the patient underwent chemotherapy; she is still alive and well one year after surgery.
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PMID:Synchronous B3 thymoma and lung bronchoalveolar carcinoma. 2095 3

The histopathology of small metastases is thought to reflect the early metastatic process. To clarify the morphological features of early metastatic tumor progression, we analyzed the histological heterogeneity of many small intrapulmonary metastases. Histological typing based on the World Health Organization classification (bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, acinar, papillary, and solid subtype) was used to evaluate 234 metastases from the primary lung adenocarcinomas of 139 patients. The predominant subtype of metastasis 3 mm or less in diameter was bronchioloalveolar carcinoma when the primary lesion was diagnosed as predominant bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, acinar, and papillary subtype. When the histology of the primary tumor was predominantly a solid subtype, the predominant subtype of metastatic tumor was also a solid subtype. However, analysis of metastases that were more than 3 mm showed that the predominant subtype of the metastasis reflected the predominant subtype of the primary tumor. Furthermore, we evaluated the number of subtypes in primary and metastatic tumors. As the metastasis grew larger, the number of subtypes in the metastatic lesion increased and came close to the number composed in the primary lesion. These findings suggest that implanted cancer cells display lepidic growth in the early metastatic phase and recapitulate the morphological heterogeneity of the original tumor as the metastasis enlarges.
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PMID:Histological progression of small intrapulmonary metastatic tumor from primary lung adenocarcinoma. 2109 34

Adenocarcinoma is a carcinoma originating from epithelium of glandular tissue. It has higher incidence in smokers and most often is a common type of lung cancer find in non-smokers women. Adenocarcinoma tumors are highly heterogeneous and there are several major subtypes: adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is prone to give metastases to the liver, spleen, brain and most to cervical limphonodes. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with an unusually localized metastatic adenocarcinoma with its primary focus originating from the lungs. Formation reached size of 15 cm in diametre during three months along with destruction of frontal bone ad intracranial penetration. We couldn't find similary localised metastatic adenocarcinoma in world literature.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma metastaticum of the frontal region. 2153 58


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