Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The combination of interferon (IFN)-alpha 2a and 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cRA) has demonstrated significant antitumor activity in patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the skin and cervix. We performed a prospective phase II trial of this combination in patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell lung cancer. Twenty-one patients were enrolled on the study. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 17 were evaluable for response, four with locally advanced and 13 with metastatic disease. One partial response was obtained in a patient with locally advanced disease. Toxicity consisted mainly of constitutional side effects (fatigue, anorexia), which resulted in eight patients coming off-study. The combination of IFN-alpha 2a and 13-cRA is unlikely to exhibit significant clinical activity in patients with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer, but activity in patients with locally advanced disease has not been excluded.
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PMID:Phase II study of 13-cis-retinoic acid and interferon-alpha 2a in patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer. 845 12

Skin cancers of the head and neck are common lesions that rarely metastasize or invade cranial nerves. Perineural spread, when present, typically involves cranial nerves V and VII, because of their extensive subcutaneous distributions. Partial or complete facial palsy, facial hypesthesia, and/or pain may occur months to years after excision of a cutaneous malignancy and is often the first manifestation of regional metastasis. Too often, a history of facial skin cancer is not elicited in the evaluation of patients who present with fifth and/or seventh cranial nerve neuropathies. The initial yield from computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is often limited, leaving most patients with the diagnosis of Bell's palsy. The authors herein present their experience with the diagnosis and management of seven patients who developed a fifth or seventh cranial nerve neuropathy an average of 13.4 months following "complete" excision of a regional skin cancer.
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PMID:Cranial neuropathy secondary to perineural spread of cutaneous malignancies. 857 40

Three groups of tumors were studied. The first group was melanomas inadvertently transmitted from donors. Brain metastases from melanoma were often misdiagnosed in the donors as primary brain tumors or cerebral hemorrhage. Eleven donors provided organs to 20 recipients of whom 3 never manifested evidence of melanoma, 1 showed local spread of tumor beyond the allograft, and 16 had metastases. Of the last group 11 died from melanoma, but 4 patients had complete remissions following transplant nephrectomy and discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy. The second group was Melanomas treated pretransplantation. Thirty patients had cutaneous melanomas and one an ocular melanoma. Six patients (19%) had recurrences posttransplantation. Three were treated < 2 years pretransplantation, 2 between 2-5 years pretransplantation, and one 120 months pretransplantation. The third group was De novo melanomas. Cutaneous melanomas occurred in 164 patients, melanomas of unknown origin in 8, and ocular melanomas in 5. Melanomas constituted 5.2% of posttransplant skin cancers compared with 2.7% in the general population. Unusual features of cutaneous melanomas were that 6 (4%) occurred in children, and 9 (5%) occurred in bone marrow recipients who were treated for leukemia. Forty-four patients (27%) who had cutaneous melanomas also had other skin cancers. Forty-seven of 68 patients (69%) had thick skin lesions (Clark's level III or greater or > 0.76 mm by Breslow's technique). Lymph node metastases occurred in 32 patients (20%) with cutaneous melanomas. Fifty patients (30%) with cutaneous melanomas died of their malignancies, as did 5 with melanomas of unknown origin, and 1 with ocular melanoma. The risks of melanoma may be reduced by stringent selection of donors; by waiting at least 5 years between treatment of melanoma and undertaking transplantation; and, perhaps, by reducing sunlight exposure and by early excision of suspicious dysplastic lesions.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma in organ allograft recipients. 860 Jun 36

We describe multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck in five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). When associated with CLL, cutaneous squamous cell carcinomata behave in a much more aggressive manner than otherwise expected. Four patients developed local recurrence after primary treatment. All five patients developed lymph node metastases containing squamous cell carcinoma. Three of five patients (60 per cent) had multiple primary lesions. Whereas the increased incidence of second cancers in CLL and notably of skin cancers is documented, little has been written to describe the aggressive behaviour of these tumours. It is important, when treating these patients, to be aware of the high tendency towards local recurrence and lymph node metastasis and to consider an aggressive management plan and careful follow-up.
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PMID:Aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 875 53

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common skin cancers, occurring mainly on sun-damaged skin of old persons. Basal cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of follicular germinative cells which may infiltrate and destroy adjacent tissues, but rarely metastasizes. Five clinico-pathologic types of basal cell carcinomas can be recognized, namely, nodulo-ulcerative, superficial, morpheiform, fibroepithelial, and infundibulo-cystic. Actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease are intrepidermal proliferation of atypical keratinocytes that eventually may progress to become over squamous cell carcinoma. Lesions arising in sites of chronic injury or scarring bear an higher risk of metastases. Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly evolving tumor of keratinocytes that resolves spontaneously. Keratoacanthoma might represent a self-healing type of squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. Clinico-histological features. 880 83

In animal models, isoforms of CD44 (CD44v) containing sequences encoded by one or several of ten different exons (v1-v10) contribute to tumour metastasis. In certain human cancers, CD44v6 expression is associated with poor prognosis. This paper examines CD44v expression in skin carcinogenesis and skin cancer metastasis. CD44v expression was studied in basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), primary malignant melanoma (PMM), metastases of MM (MMM), benign melanocytic naevi (BMN) and normal skin (NS) by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). BCC, SCC and NS expressed several CD44v, including v6, albeit in different distributions and intensities. PMM, MMM and BMN expressed isoforms containing v7/8 and v10, but failed to express epitopes encoded by v5 or v6. Thus, different CD44 isoforms are found in human skin cancers and are modulated during carcinogenesis. However, we did not observe a correlation of CD44v6 expression with metastatic potential.
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PMID:Expression of CD44 isoforms in human skin cancer. 886 5

The mechanisms of carcinogenesis and metastasis are becoming better elucidated. The recent literature pertaining to the current understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and metastasis was reviewed, and some of the basic information that is known about these processes and how they relate to the development of cutaneous cancers is presented in this article. The development of a skin cancer consists of a three-step process of carcinogenesis-initiation, promotion, and progression. When metastasis occurs, a six-step process of complex cellular adaptations enables the tumor cell to metastasize and proliferate successfully. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis and metastasis are pertinent not only to dermatologists and physicians who treat skin cancer but also to any physician who must manage human malignant tumors. Therefore, a general background of information on this subject is an important aspect of medical knowledge for most physicians.
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PMID:The life of a skin cancer. 914 92

Among a series of 520 parotidectomies performed between 1975 and 1995, we observed 88 cases of malignancy (17%). For this study, we excluded skin cancers which had invaded the parotid and glandular metastases of squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma or kidney cancers, retaining only tumors with a glandular origin and lymphomas. Thus defined, our series comprised 60 patients, i.e. 12% of the operated parodids (31 confirmed cancers, 18 tumors with intermediary malignancy, including several in which the pathology report confirmed malignancy, and 11 lymphomas). We examined therapeutic management by histology and compared the outcomes. Relation with the facial nerve are discussed. Prognosis depends on histology, tumor stage and treatment.
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PMID:[Malignant tumors of the parotid gland. Apropos of 60 cases]. 920 76

Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CNUs) are being used in the therapy of various neoplastic diseases, including skin cancer. Because secondary tumor formation is a serious threat in chemotherapy with these drugs, we explored whether and to what extent the DNA repair protein DNA-O6-methylguanine:protein-L-cysteine S-methyltransferase (MGMT) protects against CNU-induced tumors. We made use of transgenic mice overexpressing human MGMT in their skin and the initiation-promotion protocol on treatment with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU, nimustine) that is representative of CNUs. ACNU applied topically as a single low dose to the dorsal skin was highly effective in tumor induction in nontransgenic mice, whereas in cytokeratin MGMT transgenic mice, tumor formation was remarkably reduced. ACNU-induced skin tumors harbored mutations in the c-Ha-ras gene in both groups of mice. The results provide clear evidence that MGMT exerts protection against CNU-induced cancer. Our data also indicate that O6-chloroethylguanine, which is repaired by MGMT, is a main precarcinogenic CNU-induced DNA lesion.
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PMID:The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase protects against skin tumor formation induced by antineoplastic chloroethylnitrosourea. 926 90

Alterations in mucin expression have been detected in many clinically relevant cancers and, in particular, the polymorphic epithelial mucin, encoded by the MUC1 gene, has attracted considerable attention. We investigated its expression in human breast, colon, ovarian, lung, and skin cancer cells and their metastases grown in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice using three different monoclonal antibodies (HMFG-1, HMFG-2, and SM3). Four of five breast cancer cell lines, three of five colon cancer cell lines, two of three small-cell carcinoma of the lung cell lines, and A 431 cells all expressed the MUC1 gene product. Neuraminidase predigestion often enhanced HMFG-1 immunoreactivity, which was more widespread and stronger than SM3 immunoreactivity. A considerable heterogeneity of MUC1 gene product expression was observed in the same tumors grown in different mice. The binding pattern between single-cell/small-cell clusters (up to 10 cells) and larger cell number aggregates varied. The results indicate that the MUC1 gene expression both in primary tumors and metastases is not tightly controlled within a particular tumor cell line. Because of this heterogeneous antigen expression in vivo, it appears impossible to target all metastatic deposits by a single monoclonal antibody directed against the MUC1 gene product. (J Histochem Cytochem 46:127-134, 1998)
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of the MUC1 gene product in human cancers grown in scid mice. 940 2


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