Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eccrine (sweat gland) carcinoma is a rare form of skin cancer that may be locally destructive. It is known to recur after resection and can metastasize to regional or distant lymph nodes. There have been two reported cases in association with patients immunocompromised as the result of organ transplantation (I. Penn: Prog Allergy. 37: 259, 1986). We report here the first case of sweat gland carcinoma in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Sweat gland carcinoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. 753 11

Cytokines have been tested in the treatment of different skin cancers during the last decade, and treatment schedules have been established or proposed for several malignant skin tumors. Preferentially, the interferons and interleukin-2 were found to be effective in treating skin cancers. Interferons alpha and beta have been approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and malignant melanoma in several countries. Interferon alpha was found to be most effective in cutaneous T cell lymphoma with 40%-60% overall responses. When combining interferon alpha with psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA) or with retinoids, even higher response rates up to 60%-90% were reported, and long-term remissions have been described. A considerable activity of interferon alpha was found in HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma with response rates of 30%-50%. The effectiveness of Kaposi's sarcoma's treatment was further improved by combining interferon alpha and zidovudine. Responses to interferon alpha in metastatic malignant melanoma are rather seldom (10%-15%), but a stabilization of the disease with prolonged survival was reported after interferon alpha treatment. Additionally, interleukin-2 was found to be active in metastatic melanoma, with overall response rates of about 20%, and both biological agents were found to have an additive efficacy in combination. Several combined regimens of interferon alpha, interleukin-2, and polychemotherapy have been described in metastatic melanoma, and overall response rates higher than 50% were found with these combined treatment modalities. Interferon alpha and beta were also intralesionally injected into basal cell carcinomas and other epithelial skin cancers, and complete responses were found in more than 80% of tumors treated. Local applications of interferons and interleukin-2 were likewise found to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma metastases and cutaneous manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma. Cytokines and their combination with other treatment modalities has greatly enriched the treatment facilities in malignant skin tumors during recent years, and additional new cytokines will be introduced in skin cancer treatment in near future.
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PMID:Perspectives of cytokine treatment in malignant skin tumors. 759 3

A new or unusual skin lesion may be the first sign of an internal malignancy, a primary skin cancer or a cutaneous metastasis of carcinoma in another site. Patients with carcinoma that has metastasized to the skin commonly present with lesions in the area overlying the neoplasm, but the morphology, pattern and distribution of cutaneous metastases may vary. Patients with sarcoma, leukemia or lymphoma may also initially present with cutaneous lesions, or lesions may develop later in the course of the disease. Biopsies of suspicious lesions should always be performed.
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PMID:Skin clues to primary and metastatic malignancy. 770 95

Metastases are the major cause of treatment failure in cancer patients. Sixty percent of patients with newly diagnosed solid tumors (excluding skin cancers other than melanoma) have clinically evident or microscopic metastases when the primary tumor is diagnosed [1]. Dissemination of malignant cells throughout the body and their survival to form secondary growths constitute a complicated process dependent on both host and tumor properties. This review outlines the mechanisms involved in the metastatic process, the pathways of tumor spread throughout the body, and the common routes used by various tumors.
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PMID:Metastases: mechanisms, pathways, and cascades. 771 6

The Authors report a case of Merkel cell carcinoma of the cervicofacial district, particular due to its clinical and evolutive characteristics. The Merkel cell carcinoma was first identified by Toker in 1972 and is also known as a primary neuroendocrine the or trabecular carcinoma of the skin. The Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare aggressive skin cancer most frequently localized in the cervicofacial district. Although in earlier reports on the clinical history of these tumors primary emphasis was placed on their local aggressive behaviour, it has recently become evident that these neoplasms have a marked propensity for early dissemination. Distant metastases are often responsible for disease-related mortality. Merkel cell carcinoma have classically been managed with surgery alone or surgery followed by radiation therapy. Treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma with radiation therapy alone has usually been reserved for advanced unresectable tumors.
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PMID:[Cervicofacial neuroendocrine Merkel cell carcinoma: radiotherapy]. 774 Sep 65

The White Paper The health of the nation challenges us to halt the rising incidence and mortality from skin cancer. Means of achieving this include various approaches to educating the public and modifying sun exposure and promotion of early detection of cancers. Some initiatives can be organized locally but others require national coordination. Evaluation of the impact on health and the cost of preventive programmes is important because the effectiveness of health education packages and campaigns that aim to reduce the incidence or death from skin cancer has yet to be proved. As the majority of skin cancers do not metastasize, it is on melanoma that efforts to improve registration should be focused. Cancer registries have particular difficulty in monitoring the incidence of skin cancer where treatment is simply excision. Improved ascertainment and a shift towards early diagnosis will cause artefactual increases in incidence. Investigation of the trends will therefore require careful interpretation.
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PMID:Meeting The Health of the Nation target for skin cancer: problems with tackling prevention and monitoring trends. 794 99

Squamous cell cancer of the skin usually follows prolonged exposure to known carcinogens including ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation, chronic infection or irritation, chemicals, and immunologic suppression. The majority of squamous cell skin cancers metastasize infrequently and can be cured with aggressive wide local excision. However, on occasion they can be quite aggressive locally, with or without associated distant metastasis, and may require a radical surgical approach. We report a series of four male patients covering the spectrum of this disease with the following distribution: lower pole of the right ear, right posterior thigh below gluteal fold with positive inguinal nodes, lateral aspect of the foot with bone involvement, and as an incidental finding in a pilonidal cyst. We conclude that one should not hesitate to proceed with aggressive surgical resection as it may provide the only chance for cure. Finally, one should always look for lymph node metastasis, particularly with large (> 5 cm) lesions adjacent to a regional lymph node drainage basin.
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PMID:Surgical management of advanced squamous cell skin cancers. 812 41

Over the past 2 years, we have examined all patients with a functioning renal allograft attending a regional nephrology unit. A total of 291 patients were examined. 172 (59%) were found to have cutaneous warts, and 64 (21.9%) had non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The proportion of patients with both warts and NMSC increased with time from transplantation: 40% of patients who had been transplanted for more than 9 years had NMSC. Fifteen patients had extensive dysplastic change in all sun-exposed areas, particularly the dorsal aspect of the hands. This subgroup of patients develop large numbers of tumours, particularly squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and require close surveillance and frequent surgery. One patient has died as a result of rapidly evolving metastases from an SCC on the dorsum of the hand. Excision and grafting of the backs of the hands in four patients, and long term etretinate therapy in 6 patients have led to a marked reduction in the frequency of surgery to remove tumours. The very high rate of NMSC, frequently multiple, found in this study of UK residents is a source of concern and indicates the need for close dermatological monitoring of allograft recipients, with intensive surveillance of patients with extensive dysplasia, who may develop tumours requiring surgery every few weeks.
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PMID:Non-melanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients: the extent of the problem and a strategy for management. 814 64

Parotid metastases are uncommon lesions. In most cases the skin of the head and neck is the site of the primary tumor, which is usually a squamous cell carcinoma or a melanoma. Infraclavicular or non-cutaneous head and neck cancers one less likely to cause a parotid metastasis. From 1968 to 1991, 38 patients (9 men and 5 women aged 45 to 96 years) affected with parotid metastases, were treated in the Department of Radiotherapy at the Ospedale Maggiore of Novara. All patients received exclusive irradiation. In 12 patients the primary lesion was found in the skin of the head and neck (11 squamous cell carcinomas and 2 melanomas), one had an undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and one a squamous cell lung carcinoma. In 9 cases the parotid gland was the only site of metastasis, in 2 cases lateral cervical lymph nodes metastases were also present and in 3 cases distant metastases. Radiotherapy was performed with cobalt 60; the target volume was limited to the parotid region in the N1-N2a cases and included the ipsilateral cervical nodes in the N2b-N3a cases. The doses ranged 24-66 Gy (mean: 50, median-52), with daily fractionation of 1.8-2 Gy for 5 days/week. After radiotherapy local control was obtained in 8/14 cases (57%), maintained at 2 years in 7/14 patients and at 5 years in 2/10 patients (20%). Eight patients (57%) relapsed in the parotid and/or cervical areas and/or exhibited widespread metastases and finally died; 6 patients (43%) were NED after a minimum 3 years' follow-up. Parotid metastases are usually treated by surgical resection; radiotherapy can be used as postoperative or exclusive treatment. Exclusive radiotherapy can be used for the skin cancers which are inoperable for general or local conditions (fixation, necrosis, ulceration), for mucosal head and neck cancers treated by radiotherapy and for infraclavicular tumors as a palliative treatment. Prognosis is different for skin cancer, mucosal and head and neck a carcinoma and infraclavicular neoplasms. The best results can be obtained with N1 nodes and high-dose irradiation.
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PMID:[Exclusive radiotherapy of parotid metastases. Results in 14 cases]. 827 55

Basal cell cancers are the most common of all cancers. They rarely metastasize and very rarely kill. Melanomas, however, do kill! An estimated 20 people in Hawaii will die this year from malignant melanoma. Early diagnosis and treatment can save much morbidity--surgery, scars and other defects--and can save lives. This manuscript reviews melanoma data from several agencies in Hawaii and from the experience of the author's private practice. In his private practice, he has seen the incidence of melanomas jump from an average of one a year in 1970 to 1975 to 7.4 each year between 1986 and 1990. While basal cell cancers and melanomas occur more in Caucasians, they are seen in all races. Everyone can get skin cancer and melanoma. Physicians must teach their patients to Practice Safe Sun--Hawaii.
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PMID:Skin cancers in Hawaii (1993). 832 90


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