Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

DNA content of prostatic adenocarcinoma was determined by flow cytometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 57 radical prostatectomies. This was done to define the relationship of aneuploidy to prostatic adenocarcinoma grade, volume, and pathologic stage and to examine its utility in candidates for surgical treatment. Aneuploidy was found in 26 (46%) cases. With one exception, all of the aneuploid cases were found in tumors larger than 4 cc. The percentage of aneuploid cases increased with advancing pathologic stage, and it was highest in those cases with lymph node metastases. This percentage was also higher among more poorly differentiated tumors. However, diploid tumors were also found among these groups, and the relationship between aneuploidy versus pathologic stage and grade did not achieve statistical significance. Except for a 91% specificity for tumor volume greater than 4 cc, the sensitivity and specificity of DNA content analysis to predict these groups was low (50% to 72%). It is concluded that aneuploidy is a later event linked to tumor progression, but it is not a requirement for progression to occur. The overlap in aneuploid and diploid tumor behavior precludes the use of DNA content analysis as an independent predictor to direct preoperative treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:DNA content in prostatic adenocarcinoma. A flow cytometry study of the predictive value of aneuploidy for tumor volume, percentage Gleason grade 4 and 5, and lymph node metastases. 238 3

The authors reviewed the histologic slides of 2600 prostatic carcinomas seen at Memorial Hospital from 1963 to 1983. In ten cases, resection specimens had a predominantly endometrioid appearance. Six patients had polypoid lesions in and around the verumontanum, and one had a polypoid lesion away from the verumontanum. Two patients had no mucosal lesions and one was not cystoscoped. Histologically, the tumors showed a tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium, usually with amphophilic cytoplasm. The cells were arranged either along papillae or in complexes of large acini or in single glands. In eight of the ten cases, the endometrioid carcinomas were associated with a prior or coexistent typical microacinar prostatic adenocarcinoma. In four cases, the endometrioid pattern existed in a pure form, although in two such cases with urethral tumors, the patients had histories of successfully treated microacinar adenocarcinomas of the posterior prostatic lobe. In one case, a urethral endometrioid tumor coexisted with a small posterior lobe microacinar adenocarcinoma. In five cases, both endometrioid and microacinar carcinomas were seen, including endometrioid and microacinar carcinomas found at the same site at different times (2 cases), tumors with a predominantly endometrioid, yet focally microacinar pattern (1 case), and primary tumors where lymph node metastases had different histologic features (2 cases). Of the three patients with a pure or predominantly endometrioid pattern treated with diethylstilbestrol, two had a marked clinical response. All ten endometrioid prostatic adenocarcinomas showed prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase immunoreactivity, in contrast to none of the control uterine endometrial carcinomas. In material spanning a 20-year period, the authors have not seen a single prostatic tumor entirely analogous to the uterine endometrial carcinoma. Until such proof exists, prostatic carcinomas with endometrioid features are best classified and treated as variants of prostatic duct carcinomas.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with endometrioid features. A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study of ten cases. 241 22

A total of 31 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma received a total of 35 half-body irradiation treatments; 13 treatments of 600 to 800 cGy. to the upper half and 22 treatments of 400 to 1,000 cGy. to the lower half of the body. The interval from the discovery of osseous metastases to symptomatic need for half-body irradiation was similar for all tumor grades and stages except for patients with well differentiated lesions, in whom this interval was significantly longer as was survival time after half-body therapy. Treatment was well tolerated and relief of pain was substantial. The majority of the patients obtained subjective relief evidenced by decreased use of narcotic analgesics or change to nonprescription medication. Median survival after half-body irradiation was 5 months. Palliative effects were maintained until death in 82 per cent of the patients treated to the upper and 67 per cent treated to the lower half of the body.
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PMID:Half-body irradiation for treatment of widely metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 246 19

Serum prostate specific antigen was determined (Yang polyclonal radioimmunoassay) in 183 men after radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A total of 163 men had received 7,000 rad external beam radiotherapy and 20 had been implanted with 125iodine seeds. Only 11 per cent of these 183 patients had undetectable prostate specific antigen levels at a mean interval of 5 years since completion of radiotherapy. Prostate specific antigen levels after radiotherapy were directly related to initial clinical stage and Gleason score before treatment. Multiple prostate specific antigen determinations were performed with time in 124 of 183 patients. During year 1 after radiotherapy prostate specific antigen levels were decreasing in 82 per cent of the patients but only 8 per cent continued to decrease beyond year 1. Of 80 patients observed greater than 1 year after completion of radiotherapy 51 per cent had increasing values and 41 per cent had stable values. Increasing prostate specific antigen values after radiotherapy were correlated with progression to metastastic disease and residual cancer on prostate biopsy. Total serum acid phosphatase levels were poorly related to prostate specific antigen levels, were less effective in discriminating patients with metastatic disease and provided no additional information beyond that provided by prostate specific antigen.
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PMID:Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. III. Radiation treated patients. 246 96

The Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model has served as an animal model for testing various chemotherapeutic agents. Herein this preliminary report, the tumor Nb PRST-1 Ca was evaluated in 25 animals with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, orchiectomized and control treatments. Tumor growth curves were determined and show a significant difference on day 13 (T-test) between the control group and treatment groups. Metastases were found in the lungs of all animals and a remarkable rounding of the liver was noted in the androgen treatment groups.
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PMID:Noble PRST-1 Ca prostate adenocarcinoma study on noble rats: preliminary study on new androgen sensitive tumor. 251 75

To clarify the role of standard chest radiography in prostatic adenocarcinoma, the pulmonary manifestations of 198 patients with Stage D disease were evaluated. All patients were treated with chemotherapeutic protocols allowing for adequate clinical and radiographic correlation. Retrospective interpretation of serial chest radiographs revealed that 35% of our patients had visible intrathoracic abnormalities; however, only 24% of the patients had abnormalities attributable to intrathoracic metastases. Twenty-two percent of patients had pleural effusions, 16% reticular opacities, 3.5% reticulonodular opacities, 8% isolated or discrete pulmonary nodules, and 4.5% adenopathy. Etiologies of these opacities included metastatic disease in 93.5% of those with adenopathy and nodular or reticulonodular opacities, but 39% of pleural effusions and 52% of reticular opacities were best attributed to concomitant processes. Four patients had intrathoracic metastases without bone metastases. Standard chest radiography is a valuable screening procedure that should be correlated with clinical data to differentiate metastases from concomitant processes.
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PMID:Advanced prostatic carcinoma: pulmonary manifestations. 257 78

Four cases of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the prostate illustrating the clinical spectrum of intrathoracic involvement in this disease are presented. In two cases the presenting features of prostatic cancer were with lymphangitis carcinomatosa and an isolated pleural effusion, whereas two other cases developed intrathoracic metastases in the setting of previously known locally advanced prostatic cancer. In one this took the form of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and in the other that of pulmonary nodules. An immuno-cytochemical marker for prostatic specific antigen, a highly sensitive and specific tool for identifying prostatic epithelium, identified the prostate as the primary site of malignancy in the first two cases. Symptomatic and radiological responses were noted in all four cases after bilateral orchidectomy. Pulmonary metastases are common in the advanced stages of prostatic cancer but may also be present at the initial presentation with the disease even when the primary tumour is not clinically apparent. We recommend that (i) immuno-cytochemical stains for prostatic specific antigen are applied to all lung, pleural and mediastinal biopsy specimens showing adenocarcinoma in male patients, and (ii) all males with intrathoracic adenocarcinoma have prostatic aspiration cytology performed if the prostatic specific antigen stain is positive.
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PMID:Intrathoracic manifestations of disseminated prostatic adenocarcinoma. 260 2

We reviewed the records of 292 patients with prostatic cancer who had been submitted to transurethral resection (TUR) to elucidate the role of endoscopic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Re-staging TUR permits differentiation between stage A1 and A2 tumors. Of 20 patients classified as having stage A1 tumors, 4 were reclassified as A2 tumors and benefitted from subsequent radical therapy. Endoscopic surgery permitted correction of ureteral obstruction in those with advanced prostatic cancer. In 9 patients with obstructive anuria, percutaneous nephrostomy combined with TUR of the trigone and placement of a double-J catheter achieved ureteric patency; 22% of the patients were alive at 5 years. In 18 patients with obstructive anuria from prostatic cancer (4 stage C, and 14 stage D), TUR of the trigonal angle and placement of a catheter for internal diversion combined with hormone therapy (9 cases) achieved a drop in creatinine levels (9 cases) and a mean survival of 2 years. Patient quality of life was good and no hospitalization was required. TUR affords a fast and safe solution in patients with bladder obstruction from acute (33 cases; 18 stage C and 15 stage D) or chronic (219 patients with advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma, and 16 with transitional cell carcinoma of prostate) urinary retention. In 103 cases, we utilized a technique similar to that employed for resection of benign prostatic hypertrophy; vesicoureteral "funneling" was performed in 132 cases, and a urethral prosthesis was placed in 5. Our results do not corroborate the role ascribed to TUR in tumor dissemination. Of 113 patients submitted to TUR, 38% presented late metastases (mean 33 months). In 80% of the cases, TUR succeeded in eliminating bladder obstruction between 1 to 96 months (mean 21 months), with a very low operative mortality rate (0.8%) and a 44% survival rate for a mean follow-up of 3 years.
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PMID:[Usefulness of transurethral resection in cancer of the prostate]. 263 20

Four hundred and thirty-eight men with histologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma were diagnosed consecutively and followed up closely for up to ten years. The mean age at presentation was 72.5 years and ranged from 45.3 to 91.0 years. Half of the total presented with symptoms of increasing urinary outflow obstruction and a quarter with acute urinary retention. One fifth of the total were diagnosed incidentally and these men had markedly less risk of progressing to skeletal metastases than those with localised, but clinically detectable disease. Most (60%) had locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and the prevalence of skeletal metastases was seen to increase with local tumour stage. 40% had skeletal metastases at diagnosis and less than half of these patients survive two years. High grade tumours were associated with poor outcome, with a five year survival of less than 20% when the Gleason sum score was greater than seven.
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PMID:[Onset of and survival in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Analysis of 48 consecutive cases studied over 10 years]. 270 Aug 80

Between 1982 and 1988, 70 patients with proved prostatic adenocarcinoma in stages A2 to C underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy. Median followup has been 30 months. Radial prostatectomy was done in 37 patients, 3 of whom were followed by immediate hormone therapy. Twenty eight patients received radiotherapy alone except one combined with hormone therapy. The remaining 5 patients were treated hormonaly alone. Pelvic lymph node metastases were noted in 21 of the 70 patients (30%). High stage and poor histological differentiation were associated with a significantly higher probability of pelvic lymph node metastases. Poor histological differentiation was more likely to be found in patients with multiple or gross node involvement. Progression of the disease, almost exclusively bony metastases, occurred in 10 of the 21 patients who had positive pelvic nodes and in 7 of the 49 patients with negative nodes (p less than 0.01). According to Kaplan-Meier projections, 1, 3 and 5 year percent disease free survival were, respectively; 73%, 32% and 32% for patients with positive node, and 93%, 82% and 75% for patients with negative nodes. Disease-free survival of stage D1 patients was significantly worse than that of patients with negative nodes (p less than 0.001, Generalized-Wilcoxon test). We divided 21 patients with pelvic nodal metastases into subgroups based upon the volume and extent of nodal disease; 7 patients with a single microscopic nodal involvement and 14 patients with multiple or gross nodal involvement. There was no significant difference in disease free survival between the two groups. 9 of the 21 patients were given hormonal treatment immediately and on the contrary, 12 were followed without hormonal treatment. However, projected disease free survival differed little between the groups. These data suggest that patients with positive nodes appear to have equivalent adverse biologic potential and should be considered candidates for early systemic treatment.
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PMID:[Prostatic adenocarcinoma: nodal involvement and prognosis of stage D1 patients]. 280 98


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