Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of the adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the normal and hyperplastic human prostate, in 30 prostatic adenocarcinomas, and in seven human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines grown as xenografts in athymic nude mice. In the normal and hyperplastic prostate, ADCP was localized exclusively in the apical membrane and the apical cytoplasm of the glandular epithelial cells. In prostatic adenocarcinomas, four distinct ADCP expression patterns were observed: diffuse cytoplasmic, membranous, both cytoplasmic and membranous, and no ADCP expression. The expression patterns were compared with the presence of metastases. We found an inverse correlation between membranous ADCP immunoreactivity and metastatic propensity. Exclusively membranous ADCP immunoreactivity occurred only in non-metastatic tumours. In contrast, the metastatic tumours showed no or diffuse cytoplasmic ADCP immunoreactivity. This suggests that immunohistochemical detection of ADCP might predict the biological behaviour of prostatic cancer. However, the occurrence of membranous ADCP immunoreactivity in the xenograft of a cell line (PC-EW), derived from a prostatic carcinoma metastasis, indicates that not only the tendency to metastasize modulates ADCP expression.
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PMID:Adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) expression and metastatic potential in prostatic adenocarcinomas. 169 38

Abnormally high red blood cell polyamine levels were found in benign prostatic hyperplasia and in prostatic adenocarcinoma patients. In prostatic adenocarcinoma patients a relationship was noted between the importance of red blood cell spermidine and spermine concentrations, and the clinical stage of the disease (Whitmore classification). Considering prostatic adenocarcinoma patient populations, patients with metastases (groups 3 and 4) statistically differed from those without metastases (group 2). Furthermore, red blood cell polyamine level determination discriminated patients in the hormonal escape group (group 4) from those usually considered as hormone responsive (groups 2 and 3). No statistically significant correlation was observed between red blood cell polyamine levels and usual tumor markers (prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen). These results confirmed that red blood cell polyamine levels must be considered as a circulating index of cell proliferation that might be of clinical importance during the long-term followup and treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma patients.
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PMID:Erythrocyte polyamine levels in human prostatic carcinoma. 170 Jan 42

The clinical significance of serum prostate specific antigen after primary irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate is uncertain. Between September 1986 and December 1987 serial prostate specific antigen values were determined in 43 patients before and after definitive radiation therapy. The study group included 6 patients with stage T0d, 10 with stage T1, 11 with stage T2 and 16 with stage T3 disease, with a mean pre-treatment prostate specific antigen level of 49.2 +/- 10.8. For all patients the first post-treatment prostate specific antigen level was less than the pre-treatment level. One patient failed locally with recurrent prostatic cancer that invaded the rectum. The 6 patients who failed with symptomatic metastases had an increasing prostate specific antigen level 2 to 7 months before detection of recurrence. Based on the absolute value and trend of the prostate specific antigen, patients were described as being at high, intermediate or low risk for distant metastases. Of 9 high, 6 intermediate and 28 low risk patients 4 (44%), 2 (33%) and 0 (0%) have experienced recurrent disease (p = 0.0025). We conclude that serial post-irradiation prostate specific antigen values may be useful in the early identification of patients at risk for treatment failure.
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PMID:Prostate specific antigen after irradiation for prostatic carcinoma. 170 Jan 44

There is no consensus on the proper management of men with stage D1 adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Although cure is unlikely, many men survive for long intervals apparently free of metastatic disease. Thus, effective palliation of the local lesion with low morbidity is desirable. From 1974 to 1987, 120 consecutive men with stage D1 prostate cancer were treated with 3 primary modes of therapy (mean followup 48 months): 1) expectant therapy (35), 2) external beam radiotherapy (21) and 3) radical prostatectomy (64). These patients were statistically homogeneous as determined by Gleason grade but not by extent of metastatic disease. The over-all 5 and 10-year projected actuarial survival rates for the radical prostatectomy patients were 97 and 62%, respectively, and the apparent clinical survival free of disease at 5 years and 80 months, respectively, was 83 and 68%. The direct disease-specific 10-year survival free of disease was 46%. However, only 3 of 27 patients followed for 3 years or longer had undetectable levels of prostate specific antigen. Using a Cox univariate proportional hazards model several factors appeared to have significant prognostic value including volume of lymph node metastases (macroscopic greater than 2 mm.), percentage of positive lymph nodes sampled and frozen section diagnosis. Gleason grade, clinical stage and the number of positive nodes did not have significant prognostic value. Local recurrence requiring an operation was noted in 8 of 35 patients (23%) treated expectantly, 5 of 21 (24%) treated with radiotherapy and 2 of 64 (3%) treated with radical prostatectomy. Significant gastrointestinal or genitourinary complications occurred in 33% of the men treated with radiotherapy and 1.5% of those undergoing radical prostatectomy. Since the introduction of nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy in 1982, potency resumed in 55% of the 33 patients who were potent preoperatively and have been followed 1 year or longer. These data suggest that in properly selected patients radical prostatectomy, although not curative, can provide excellent palliation of the local lesion with acceptable morbidity and that symptomatic local recurrence of prostatic cancer achieved with radiation therapy is identical to the results in men who were managed expectantly.
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PMID:Management of stage D1 adenocarcinoma of the prostate: the Johns Hopkins experience 1974 to 1987. 170 Jan 57

Since the introduction of hormonal therapy for the treatment of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma, there have been 33 reports of metastases of prostate carcinoma to the breast. We report two cases of diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated patients with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma who developed breast masses. The lesions had infiltrative patterns simulating primary breast carcinoma. Immunoperoxidase stains, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were positive, identifying these cases as metastatic prostatic carcinoma to the breast. Differentiating primary from secondary tumors in these patients is difficult since there have been 10 reports of primary breast carcinoma occurring in DES-treated patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Their differentiation is important to direct appropriate therapy, and PSA and PAP immunoperoxidase stains are important in their correct classification.
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PMID:The use of immunohistochemistry in metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma to the breast. 170 5

Serial prostatic specific antigen values (PSA) were determined on 42 patients receiving definitive radiation therapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The PSA declined exponentially in 25 patients. None of these patients experienced metastases. The PSA initially declined then increased exponentially in 17 patients. The rate of decline was similar to the rate of rise in all 17 patients. Five of these patients had distant metastases (P less than 0.02) within 2 years of treatment. The PSA values after radiation therapy were employed to formulate a model of tumor kinetics. This model predicts the mean duration of G0. This parameter is correlated with the development of distant metastases within 2 years of treatment. For those patients at low risk for relapse, the mean G0 is calculated to be 22.5, and 13.6 weeks for those who have relapsed or are at high risk for relapse.
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PMID:A model of prostatic carcinoma tumor kinetics based on prostate specific antigen levels after radiation therapy. 171 65

Of 3 patients with clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate 2 were treated by radical prostatectomy and 1 was treated with radiation therapy. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) values were elevated before therapy. After treatment the PSA levels were decreased to zero. All 3 patients later had evidence of metastatic tumor spread to the liver with elevation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen but not PSA. Immunohistochemical staining of the 2 primary tumors from the prostatectomy specimens identified 2 cell clones, one immunoreactive to PSA and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and nonimmunoreactive to carcinoembryonic antigen, and the other immunoreactive to carcinoembryonic antigen but not PSA or PAP. Biopsy of a hepatic metastasis in 2 patients confirmed anaplastic carcinoma of the carcinoembryonic antigen-producing cell type. Immunohistochemical staining of a lymph node metastasis identified the PSA-producing cell type only. Such results suggest selective metastatic spread of each cell type to its own organ tropic site. Occasional carcinoembryonic antigen-producing prostate cancers may metastasize to the liver. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen measurements occasionally may be useful in the management of certain prostate adenocarcinoma patients.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the prostate involving 2 cell types (prostate specific antigen producing and carcinoembryonic antigen producing) with selective metastatic spread. 171 70

Variations in the number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (AgNORs) were studied in paraffin sections of 42 benign prostatic lesions, comprising four cases of granulomatous prostatitis, five of squamous or transitional metaplasia, eight of atypical and 25 of regular hyperplasia, and 37 of prostatic adenocarcinoma, with their metastases. There was a significant difference between the mean AgNOR counts of the benign and malignant prostatic lesions (1.58 +/- 0.26 v. 4.34 +/- 1.53; P less than 0.01). The mean AgNOR counts significantly increased with increasing Gleason's grade (P less than 0.01) and clinical stage (P less than 0.05) of the tumours. AgNOR counting may contribute to the conventional diagnostic and prognostic indices of cancer of the prostate.
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PMID:Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions in prostatic lesions. 163 11

We made a retrospective study of 20 men, aged fifty or under, with adenocarcinoma of the prostate to evaluate presenting symptoms, stage, grade, and therapeutic results. Sixty-five percent were found to have extracapsular spread of disease (Stage C or D). The therapy used was one or a combination of three types: radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormonal manipulation. Five of 6 patients with Stage B disease and 3 of 6 patients with Stage C disease were treated with radiation therapy. The other Stages B and C patients underwent radical prostatectomy. In all 5 of Stage B patients receiving radiation, therapy failed; the mean time to tumor recurrence was 3.2 years. Two of 3 patients with Stage C disease died of metastatic disease within three years of receiving radiation. The 4 patients (Stages B and C) who underwent radical prostatectomy are free of disease. There was a statistically higher failure rate among the radiation therapy patients with Stages B and C disease than among the surgical patients (X2 = 8.4, p less than 0.1).
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PMID:Carcinoma of prostate in men aged fifty and under: therapeutic options. 172 94

Of 411 patients with palpable but clinically localized (Stages B or C) adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 100 (24.3%) were found at complete bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy to have one or more lymph nodes positive for metastasis. These patients were divided into five subgroups on the basis of the location of the palpable tumor at digital rectal examination: left side only, left predominantly, both sides, right side predominantly, or right side only. Among 35 patients with positive nodes and a palpable tumor limited to one side of the prostate (clinically unilobar), metastases were found in the ipsilateral pelvic lymph nodes in 29 (83%). Only 6 (17%) of the patients had contralateral metastasis alone. A unilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (ipsilateral to the side of the largest palpable tumor, or on either side if the tumor were bilateral) would have detected 80% of the patients with positive lymph nodes, with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 94%. Lymph node metastases in patients with clinically localized palpable prostate cancer are most likely to be found on the same side as the palpable tumor and are considerably less likely to be found on the contralateral side alone. If frozen section examination of lymph nodes or laparoscopic lymph node dissection is planned before definitive therapy for prostate cancer, the pelvic lymph nodes ipsilateral to the side of the palpable tumor should be removed first.
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PMID:Correlation between side of palpable tumor and side of pelvic lymph node metastasis in clinically localized prostate cancer. 173 Jan 25


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