Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One of the most important factor in prognosis of the patients with laryngeal cancer is presence of the metastases in lymph nodes of the neck. The main purpose of the paper was the evaluation of CD34 and FVIII antigens as angiogenesis markers, and nm23 protein and CD44 antigen expression as metastasis potential markers and description of their role in the tumour progression and making metastasis in the patients with laryngeal cancer. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 89 patients with laryngeal cancer were stained with a monoclonal antibody raised against CD34 and FVIII antigens, against nm 23 protein and against CD44 antigen. Measuring the density of the microvasculature in tumour was investigated. We found significant dependence between intensity of angiogenesis (IA) and pT, nodal metastasis, histological grading and survival. There were also significant correlation between nm23 protein expression and nodal metastasis, and between CD44 antigen expression and pT, nm23 protein expression and FVIII antigen expression. Evaluation of mentioned markers allowed to asses the aggressiveness of tumour cells and anticipate neck metastasis in the patients with laryngeal cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of CD44 adhesion molecule, nm23 gene product expression and intensity of angiogenesis in patients with laryngeal cancer]. 1126 74

Evaluation of the biology of laryngeal cancer cell is connected either with many process inside the cell or reactions between cancer cell itself and extracellular matrix. The main purpose in this paper was the evaluation of p53 protein, bcl-2 protein, Ki-67 antigen and CD44 adhesive molecule expressions in comparison to clinical and histopathological features in patients with laryngeal cancer. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 89 patients with laryngeal cancer were stained with a monoclonal antibody raised against p53 and bcl-2 proteins, Ki-67 and CD44 antigens using a peroxidase-labelled streptavidin-biotin kit. There were statistically significant relationships between p-53 protein over-expression and pT, histological grading, survival and Ki-67 and CD44 antigens expressions. There were no correlation between bcl-2 protein expression and clinical and histopathological features. We observed statistically significant correlation between Ki-67 expression and pT, histological grading, recurrences and survival. Expression of CD44 statistically significant correlated only with tumour size. We conclude that comparison of data covering mentioned tumour markers expression gives valuable evaluation of biological activity of cancer cells and may allow to create the immunological panel of tumour markers which simplify the prognosis about nodal metastases, recurrences and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer.
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PMID:[Expression of selected markers for apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis in evaluation of laryngeal cancer invasiveness dynamics]. 1126 75

The definition of biological markers for oropharynx and larynx cancer is essential to predict their clinical behavior. Since cellular glycans play an important role in biological information transfer, we have employed an endogenous lectin, galectin-3, to examine in primary squamous carcinomas, lymph node metastases, and physiological squamous epithelia whether glycans recognized by this lectin are altered in relation to the state of differentiation. The expression of galectin-3 was concomitantly evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the A1D6 monoclonal antibody. In addition, other antibodies were used for the detection of cytokeratins and desmosomal proteins (desmoplakin-1 and desmoglein). The results show the expression of galectin-3-reactive ligands in moderately/highly differentiated carcinomas only in areas exhibiting a high level of keratinization. Except for one patient out of 14, metastatic cells in lymph nodes expressed no accessible binding sites for galectin-3. No galectin-3-reactivity was detected in the basal cell layer of all studied normal epithelia (which contains the proliferating cells). The suprabasal layers were positive in epidermis and epithelium of tongue and cornea and negative in epithelium of palatine tonsil. The tumor cells expressed galectin-3 with an intensity positively correlated with tumor differentiation. The position of galectin-3-reactive sites colocalized with the two tested desmosomal proteins. However, presence of these proteins was also detected in areas of tumor and suprabasal layers of tonsil epithelium where no binding reactivity for galectin-3 was found. The present study showed that expression of galectin-3-reactive glycoligands is differentiation-dependent in normal as well as malignant squamous cells. Colocalization of galectin-3-reactive sites with desmosomal proteins (desmoplakin-1 and desmoglein) suggests an association of the galectin-3 ligand(s) with the cell surface, pointing to a potential participation of galectin-3 in mediation of intercellular contacts in these tumor types.
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PMID:Expression of galectin-3-reactive ligands in squamous cancer and normal epithelial cells as a marker of differentiation. 1140 23

Classification of laryngeal dysplasia, the most appropriate treatments and criteria for evaluation of the results is still a highly controversial issue. The objectives of the present study on the treatment of laryngeal dysplasia lesions are to: 1) evaluate the relative incidence of the various forms of dysplasia in relation to grading of the histopathological findings; 2) establish the prognosis for the various forms of dysplasia considered; 3) determine the results achieved by the author's treatment protocol according to the characteristics of the dysplasia; 4) critically evaluate the classifications of laryngeal dysplasia found in the literature in view of the results of the present study. The study involved 141 patients with vocal cord dysplasia (134 men, 7 women; mean age: 56.2 years) who had come under observation at the E.N.T. Dept. of the University of Naples "Federico II" between January 1981 and April 1998. In all cases the dysplasia was removed by CO2 laser microlaryngoscopy. Of the 141 patients 89 (63.2%) showed mild dysplasia, 14 (9.9%) moderate dysplasia, 20 (14.2%) severe dysplasia and 18 (12.7%) in situ carcinoma. The five-year survival rate showed an overall actuarial survival of 89.1% for all patients while the corrected actuarial survival was 98.5% and local disease control was 86.1%. In 17 cases (12%) the dysplasia lesion recurred, in 11 (7.8%) an infiltrating carcinoma arose. Recurrences in the dysplasia were encountered in 9% of the patients with mild lesions, 7.1% of those with moderate dysplasia, 15% of the subjects with the severe form and in 27.7% of those with in situ carcinoma. An infiltrating carcinoma arose in 5.6% of the cases of mild lesion, in 7.1% of the medium dysplasias, 5% of the severe forms and in 22.2% of those with in situ carcinoma. The recurrences and infiltrating carcinomas were successfully treated with endoscopic CO2 laser surgery. Only three cases (2.1%) required radical surgery (total laryngectomy): these were patients who had not quit smoking and who had not adhered to the planned follow-up. One of the latter patients died with widespread metastases of the laryngeal cancer. The significantly higher incidence of dysplasia recurrences (P = 0.028) and infiltrating carcinomas (P = 0.015) in those patients with in situ carcinoma shows that, when preparing classification and determining prognosis, these pathologies should be considered separately. Moreover, they require a particularly precise follow-up. In conclusion, the following observations can be drawn from the study: mild and moderate dysplasias are more frequent as compared to severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ; carcinoma in situ should be distinguished for classification and prognosis from dysplasias, considering their different clinical course and evolution; CO2 laser surgery in these forms is a valid therapeutic approach for its precision, the achievable results, the reduced discomfort to patients and for its evident cost-effectiveness.
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PMID:[Microlaryngoscopy treatment of laryngeal dysplasia with CO2 laser]. 1143 21

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) has been used to evaluate early-stage larynx cancer and metastases of thyroid cancer. However, elevated F-18 FDG uptake in laryngeal muscles may lead to misinterpretation. In this report, three patients with thyroid cancer are described who had thyroid surgery 2 months to 1 year before F-18 FDG positron emission tomographic imaging. Various degrees of moderate to intense uptake were observed in their laryngeal regions. In one patient, this was caused by laryngeal muscle uptake. To determine the origin of the increased muscle uptake in the other two patients, the authors analyzed the position and shape of the foci of high uptake in light of the patients' clinical histories and other imaging results.
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PMID:Elevated F-18 FDG uptake in laryngeal muscles mimicking thyroid cancer metastases. 1145 75

This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of metastasis at level I in patients with squamous laryngeal cancer. One hundred consecutive patients with squamous carcinoma of the larynx were submitted to surgical treatment including radical neck dissection. The tumor stage was T3 or T4, and the neck stage was N1-N2c. Lymph node metastases were pathologically confirmed in 80 patients. Metastases were concentrated within level II in 59% of cases, level III in 17% of cases, level IV in 11% of cases, and level V in 6% of cases. Only 2 patients (2%) had detectable tumors in the lymph nodes of the submandibular triangle (level IB). This study shows that patients with laryngeal cancer rarely present metastases at the submandibular triangle, even in advanced local disease with cervical metastasis staged as N1 to N2c. Therefore, dissection of the submandibular triangle is indicated only in the presence of clinical, radiographic, or cytologic evidence of metastatic disease at level I.
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PMID:Involvement of level I neck lymph nodes in advanced squamous carcinoma of the larynx. 1209 Jul 15

Three hundred and eight-one cases of head and neck cancers were studied over a 10 year period (1988 - 1998) at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. The aim was to assess the various sites of primary lesion, gender and age distribution and histopathological types. The International Classification of Diagnosis Oncology's (ICDO) 9TH version was used to categorize sites of primary lesion. A yearly incidence of 38 cases was noted with an overall male preponderance. Forty-five percent of the patients with head and neck cancers were in their forth and fifth decades of life. The nasopharynx was the commonest site of primary lesion (16.8%) followed by the nose, paranasal sinuses and middle ear (ICDO - 160) with 13.6%. Laryngeal cancer ranked third accounting for 12.1% of the cases. Other common sites of primary lesion were: the skin (9.2%), the salivary glands (7.6%), the mandible (7.3%) and the thyroid gland (7.3%). Metastatic cancer in the neck with unknown primary lesion was seen in 2.9% of the patients. Cancers associated with heavy tobacco use e.g. laryngeal cancers, lip and tongue cancers showed a very high male predilection with M:F ratios of 10.5:1, 8:1 and 6:1 respectively. 91% of the head and neck cancers were of epithelial tissue origin while sarcomas accounted for only 6.6% of the cases. The results show that head and neck cancers affect Nigerians especially males at the prime of their working life. The devastating psychosocial effects on the individual, the family and the society are enormous. Emphasis on cancer prevention is recommended.
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PMID:Pattern of head and neck cancers among Nigerians in Lagos. 1176 8

Laryngeal carcinoma has a lower incidence of neck metastases than other malignant carcinomas of the head and neck region. However, some cases are very aggressive, showing neck metastases even in the early stages. In this study the expression of collagen IV and type IV collagenase (MMP-2) were examined immunohistologically in 50 patients with laryngeal carcinomas, and the results were compared with the incidence of neck metastases and other clinicopathological factors. The correlation between collagen IV expression and the existence of nodal metastases was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was also significant correlation between collagen IV expression and the histological grading of the tumour. There was a tendency for samples with continuous collagen IV staining to have no matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) immunoreactivity. No significant correlation was seen between MMP-2 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters although the correlation between MMP-2 and existence of nodal metastases was statistically borderline (P = 0.07). Multivariate analysis of the clinicopathological factors that may have an influence on the nodal status in laryngeal cancer revealed that, apart from T stage, collagen IV pattern in the basement membrane surrounding nests of carcinoma is an important prognostic factor.
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PMID:Expression of type IV collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (type IV collagenase) in relation to nodal status in laryngeal cancer. 1184 25

Previously reserved for palliation, chemotherapy is now also a central component of several curative approaches to the management of patients with advanced-stage head and neck cancer. Here we review the results of both induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy trials in patients with curable disease, and chemotherapy trials in patients with recurrent and metastatic disease, and we highlight current areas of investigation. Compared with traditional treatment modalities, chemotherapy given on induction schedules to patients with advanced laryngeal cancer allows greater organ preservation without compromise to survival; when given concomitantly with radiotherapy to patients with resectable or unresectable advanced disease, chemotherapy again improves survival.
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PMID:Chemotherapy in the management of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 1190 80

In several tumours expression of CD44 and nm23 protein has been linked to tumour progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine if there is any relationship between CD44v6 and nm23 protein immunoreactivity in squamous cancer cells and prognosis in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The samples of human larynx cancer from patients with lymph node metastases and without lymph node involvement were analysed for CD44v6 and nm23 protein expression by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. There was no significant difference in CD44v6 immunoexpression in cancer cells in patients with and without metastases. The statistical analysis did not reveal difference in survival time between patients with high and low CD44v6 immunoreactivity. The expression of nm23 protein in laryngeal cancer in patients with lymph node metastases was significantly decreased in comparison with patients without metastases. Analysis of survival revealed that patients with lower expression of nm23 protein in tumour tissue had significantly shorter survival than patients with higher nm23 immunoreactivity. The results suggest that nm23 protein immunoreactivity can be useful in predicting tumour behaviour in laryngeal cancer patients and indicate a lack of association between CD44v6 immunoexpression and tumour progression in those patients.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of CD44v6 and nm23 protein immunoexpression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 1201 21


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