Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two patients with advanced laryngeal cancer and 5 with advanced pyriform sinus cancer were given 51 Gy (5,100 rad) followed by surgical resection. In 10 (45%) of patients with laryngeal cancer, no tumor was found at the primary site pathologically; 15 (68%) had negative neck specimens. All of those with pyriform sinus cancer had positive specimens. Eighteen patients with laryngeal cancer are free of disease. In contrast, only 1 with pyriform sinus cancer is free of disease; 1 has had a local recurrence and 3 have had metastases. The data suggest that 51 Gy (5,100 rad) are insufficient to sterilize pyriform sinus cancer; higher doses together with adjuvant chemotherapy are needed.
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PMID:Tumor sterilization following high-dose pre-operative irradiation for advanced cancer of the larynx or pyriform sinus. 45 Nov 95

All tumor classifications are compromises based upon clinical or radiological evaluation with little concern for histology and intrinsic errors in application. Laryngeal cancer is no exception, and the present UICC system is critically examined with the intention of highlighting such deficiencies and relating them where possible to prognosis. Possible lymph node and systemic metastases are also considered in the light of personal experience and any intrinsic weaknesses evaluated in relation to variations in published cure rates. No better system is proposed, for at least this system encourages more accurate recording of clinical assessment.
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PMID:Intrinsic weakness of the TNM system for classification of laryngeal cancer. 57 3

Difficult indications for certain partial laryngectomies are presented. Anatomically, the difficulties stem from the thyroid cartilage and from the paraglottic space in which invasion (difficult to determine) is contradictory for partial surgery. The principal objective is the cure of the laryngeal cancer all in maintaining laryngeal function. The surgeon must conserve a 'minimal' arytenoid unit' (the whole formed by the pharyngoepiglottic fold, the aryepiglottic fold, the arytenoid and the corresponding cord). Other difficulties not carcinogenic are found: physical conditions, social and professional situation, and preexisting local problems (associated laryngocel or previous vocal palsy). Finally, carcinogenic difficulties can be seen: the situation of the tumor, the rapidity of its evolution, anatomopathologic type, presence of nodes and metastases and previous physiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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PMID:Difficult indications for partial laryngectomy. 57 4

Various modifications of the standard radical neck dissection operation have been advocated since its original description. An ideal operation would offer maximum cure rates with minimal cosmetic and functional disturbance. The validity of removing the submandibular triangle contents as part of radical neck dissection was studied by analyzing the involvement of this region by metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Only three of the 51 neck-dissection specimens that were examined contained metastases to submandibular triangle lymph nodes. The primary sites were nose, floor of mouth, and retromolar trigone. None of the 26 laryngeal tumors in this series had spread to the submandibular triangle. In the absence of palpable submandibular or upper, deep cervical lymph nodes, the contents of the submandibular triangle can probably be left undisturbed in radical neck dissections for laryngeal cancer.
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PMID:The submandibular triangle in radical neck dissection. 58 24

The study of 112 case histories of lung cancers, both primary and secondary, has allowed the authors to determine as being of 5% the incidence of primary bronchogenic carcinoma associated with treated pharyngo-laryngeal cancer. One out of three such primaries was a solitary lung opacity. Bronchogenic primaries appeared be almost as frequent as lung, pleura and mediastine secondarie. They can be diagnosed at any moment of the treatment or follow-up of pharyngo-laryngeal cancer, and appear to occur later than pulmonary metastases. Their symptoms are more "bronchopulmonary" in nature. They are more frequently associated with endolarynx and chorda carcinomas. They are possibly more frequent in cases of smaller primaries without lymph-node involvement. Solitary lung opacities should be considered as independent primaries and constitute the best candidates for efficient pulmonary treatment. Treated pharyngo-laryngeal patients should undergo regularly spaced lung roentgenograms and frequent tracheal sputum cytology.
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PMID:[Primary bronchogenic and pharyngo-laryngeal carcinomas (author's transl)]. 74 81

A total of 348 out of 349 patients with laryngeal cancer were treated over the period 1960-1970. Radiation therapy alone was used in 262 of them and surgical intervention with postoperative irradiation in 86. Results in the form of a five-year survival rate in the group treated solely by irradiation were superior by 12% in the case of glottic than in that of supraglottic carcinoma (48.8% and 36.8% respectively). In the group of patients operated upon and subsequently irradiated, relatively satisfactory results were obtained in the advanced, i. e. the III stage of supraglottic carcinoma (5-year survival in 61.4%). The overall 5-year survival rate in the patients operated upon and then irradiated proved to be better by 24.5% in supraglottic and by 4.1% in the glottic carcinoma, than in patients subjected solely to irradiation. Of 27 cases of relapses, 6 patients were successfully treated by laryngectomy. Post-irradiation complications involved most frequently minor cases of endolaryngeal edema; among the more serious ones were 2 cases of radiation myelitis. The discussion on the problem of radiation dosage in cancer of the larynx, the treatment of regional metastases and combined surgico-radiation therapy.
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PMID:Results of radiation therapy and a combination of radiation and surgery in the laryngeal cancer. 86 51

Ours is a developing country. We have still not controlled the common infectious diseases which are extinct in the West; therefore, our limited resources are spent on study of epidemiology of infectious diseases. My conclusions on epidemiology of cancer of the larynx are drawn from observations made of the clinical material over a period of 25 years. I have come to the conclusion that the smoked tobacco and the slaked lime in the Indian "Pan" are the two important carcinogenic agents. Poor nutrition appears to be carcinogenic. It requires study and confirmation at a cellular level. Misuse of voice does seem to be the cause of laryngeal cancer. Racial, genetic and other environmental factors, including pollution have not contributed to the increased incidence of laryngeal cancers. The common histological types of laryngeal cancer are known. My observations on certain biological behavior of the tumor have been helpful. 1. An exophytic growth is less infiltrative; its metastatic mass reflects the same characteristics. 2. Certain anaplastic tumors can flout all laws of cancer spread and metastasize in distal organs. 3. Presence of reticular hyperplasia in peripheral lymph nodes is of good prognostic value.
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PMID:Panel on epidemiology and etiology of laryngeal carcinoma. 117 41

Cutaneous metastases from carcinoma of the larynx are very rare. We observed a 64-year-old Japanese patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx who developed a subcutaneous nodule on the abdomen. It was found to be a metastatic tumour from the laryngeal cancer, histopathologically as well as histochemically.
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PMID:Skin metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma. 145 23

In a retrospective study of 556 patients (505 men, 51 women) with laryngeal cancer the incidence and prognosis of lung malignancies was studied in patients who were examined yearly by chest radiography. In 69 patients (12.4%) a lung malignancy was diagnosed, with 28 having a histologically confirmed second primary malignancy. All of these 69 patients were men. The incidence of radiologically detected lung malignancies, both second primary and metastatic cancer, is higher and more prolonged following supraglottic carcinoma than following glottic carcinoma. In 47 patients (68%) without symptoms, the lung malignancy was detected by routine annual chest radiography. The survival rate in patients with lung cancer detected by the yearly radiography was significantly higher than in patients diagnosed after symptoms (median survival 10 and 4 months, respectively). However, taking into account the lead time between early radiologic diagnosis and the time a tumor would have been diagnosed following symptoms, the observed survival benefit of yearly radiography was much lower, or even nil.
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PMID:Yearly chest radiography in the early detection of lung cancer following laryngeal cancer. 148 33

The recently completed VA Cooperative Study (CSP #268) of induction chemotherapy (cisplatin/5-FU) and definitive radiation (6600 to 7600 cGy) for organ preservation in advanced (stage III or IV) laryngeal cancer demonstrated that, although larynx preservation could be achieved in 64% of randomized preservation could be achieved in 64% of randomized patients, overall survival rates were not improved over conventional treatment (surgery/postoperative radiation). Of 166 patients randomized to induction chemotherapy, 46 had N2 or N3 disease and were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the organ preservation treatment strategy on control of neck disease and survival. The clinical response of neck metastases to induction chemotherapy was significantly associated with subsequent salvage neck dissection (P = .008). The overall death rate was increased (P = .014) and survival time decreased in patients with less than a complete response in the neck after chemotherapy (P = .15). This was related primarily to failure to control the disease in the neck. The overall survival of patients achieving a complete response in the neck was improved over the randomized group of N2 or N3 patients treated with primary surgery. The findings suggest that response of neck nodes should be assessed independently of primary tumor response in trials of organ preservation strategies using induction chemotherapy, and that failure to achieve a clinical complete response in the neck warrants planned early salvage neck dissection in order to achieve improved overall survival.
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PMID:Effectiveness of salvage neck dissection for advanced regional metastases when induction chemotherapy and radiation are used for organ preservation. 149 57


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