Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metastasis to the skin occurs rarely, regardless of the nature of the primary systemic neoplasm. Although carcinoma of the cervix is the fourth most common malignancy in women, cutaneous involvement originating from cervical cancer is particularly unusual, even in the terminal stages of disease. Only 22 cases, including this one, are clearly documented in the literature. The main sites of the cutaneous metastases in these cases were the abdominal wall or lower extremity. However, we describe a 41-year-old woman with cervical cancer who developed metastatic nodules on the upper back. The skin of the back is an uncommon location for metastasis from any malignant tumor, and when it occurs in women, it is generally associated with carcinoma of the breast or malignant melanoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cervical carcinoma metastasis to this unlikely cutaneous site.
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PMID:Cutaneous metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. 161 47

Twenty-eight patients with inflammatory carcinoma of the breast were managed initially by induction chemotherapy consisting of 3 courses of a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and 5-fluorouracil. Twenty-two showed a partial response, and 21 underwent mastectomies. Histopathologic examination of the surgical specimens revealed no residual tumor in 2 breasts, but all 21 patients had residual metastases in their axillary lymph nodes. Postoperatively, they received the same chemotherapy. The other six patients who failed to respond to induction chemotherapy received radical radiation therapy followed by a combination chemotherapy regimen that consisted of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone. Any patient in whom chemotherapy failed during the follow-up period was treated by radiation therapy and/or a combination of mitomycin-C and vinblastine as necessary. At the time of diagnosis, 17 patients who had no evidence of distant metastasis, i.e., stage III B disease, had disease-free survival ranging from 5 to more than 84 months, with a median of 30 months, and an overall survival of 7 to more than 120 months with a median of 32 months. The 5-year survival rate was 18%. The other 11 patients who had distant metastases, i.e., stage IV disease, had an overall survival ranging from 4 to 14 months. The results of this approach of initial systemic chemotherapy followed by local-regional cytoreductive therapy, then systemic therapy, might suggest some survival benefits in patients with stage III disease.
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PMID:Long-term results of a combined modality approach in treating inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. 165 5

An analysis of 259 women with 261 treated breasts from nine institutions in Europe and the United States was performed to determine the 10-year results of the treatment of intraductal carcinoma of the breast with definitive irradiation. All patients had undergone complete gross excision of the primary intraductal carcinoma, and definitive breast irradiation was delivered in all cases. The median follow-up time was 78 months (range, 11 to 197 months). The 10-year actuarial overall survival rate was 94%, and the 10-year actuarial cause-specific survival rate (including deaths only from carcinoma of the breast) was 97%. The 10-year actuarial rate of freedom from distant metastases was 96%. There were 28 failures in the breast, and the 10-year actuarial rate of local failure was 16%. The pathologic type of local recurrences showed invasive ductal carcinoma in 14 of 28 recurrences (50%) and noninvasive ductal carcinoma in 14 of 28 recurrences (50%). The median time to local failure was 50 months (range, 17 to 129 months). Twenty-four of 28 patients with local failure were salvaged with additional treatment, generally mastectomy, and 4 of 28 patients with local failure subsequently had distant metastases. Median follow-up time after salvage treatment of breast recurrence was 29 months (range, 3 to 90 months). Two patients without local failure subsequently had distant metastases, one of which occurred after a node-positive, contralateral breast carcinoma. These results demonstrate high rates of overall survival, cause-specific survival, and freedom from distant metastases for the treatment of patients with intraductal carcinoma of the breast. The local recurrences within the treated breast were generally salvaged with additional treatment, although with limited follow-up. Because of the long natural history of intraductal carcinoma of the breast, prolonged and careful follow-up of patients after breast-conservation and definitive irradiation is required.
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PMID:Ten-year results of breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation for intraductal carcinoma (ductal carcinoma in situ) of the breast. 165 51

We review our experience with 82 patients with nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. All patients were referred for evaluation of an ovarian mass. The patients had primary carcinoma of the breast (n = 28), colon (n = 23), stomach (n = 22), pancreas (n = 7), or gallbladder (n = 2). The overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was 10%. Five-year survival in patients with metastatic colon cancer was significantly higher (23%) than that in patients with metastatic cancer of the breast, stomach, gallbladder, or pancreas, all of whom died within 58 months (P less than 0.05). Patients with unilateral metastatic ovarian involvement had a 5-year survival significantly better than that of those with bilateral involvement (28% vs 5%; p = 0.003). Five-year survival in patients with disease limited to the pelvis was significantly higher than that in those with abdominal spread (22% vs 6%; P less than 0.04). The 5-year survival of patients with residual disease less than 2 cm or greater than 2 cm in diameter was 18% or 4%, respectively (P = 0.002). This pattern applied mainly to differences in patients with primary cancer of the breast or colon (P less than 0.008). These data suggest that an aggressive surgical effort seems to be indicated in colon cancer metastatic to the ovary, as some of these patients may survive 5 years.
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PMID:Nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. 173 Apr 31

To determine the prognostic significance of local relapse after conservative treatment of an invasive carcinoma of the breast, we analysed the results obtained in a series of 512 patients. All patients had a lumpectomy with axillary dissection followed by irradiation. Adjuvant medical treatment was administered to 168 patients. The actuarial 5 years and 10 years overall survival rates were respectively 92.5% and 79.7%. Local relapses occurred in 35 patients (6.8%). The actuarial 5 and 10 years local control rates were respectively 91.2% and 83.6%. In these patients, risk of metastasis was significantly increased as compared with patients without a local relapse. Recurrence in the breast within 2 years of initial treatment several affected the risk of metastasis occurring as compared to later relapses. We conclude that the occurrence of a breast relapse after successful local conservative treatment is a bad prognostic factor, predictive of a high risk for the development of distant metastases.
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PMID:[Prognostic value of local recurrence after conservative treatment of cancers of the breast ]. 181 Oct 1

This report summarizes the clinicopathologic findings in 11 cases of low papillary carcinoma of the breast accompanied by the morphologic feature of mucus leakage into the mammary stroma. These cases were characterized by two morphologic findings. First, abundant mucus produced by the tumor cells filled the intraductal spaces where neoplastic epithelium formed very low papillary projections, ie, a feature of mucinous-producing low papillary carcinoma in situ. Second, there was expansive leakage of mucus into the mammary stroma occasionally accompanied by a few epithelial cells. All the cases showed a high level of mucus production and contained no elements of invasive ductal carcinoma or ordinary invasive mucinous carcinoma. These cases have no evidence of direct invasion of the mammary stroma by malignant cells. The average age of the 11 patients was 41 years. Foci of microcalcification were seen in some tumors (seven cases; 64%). There were no cases with lymph node metastases. All the patients underwent mastectomy with no adjuvant therapy, and they are currently alive and well.
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PMID:The morphologic feature of mucus leakage appearing in low papillary carcinoma of the breast. 184 26

Seventy seven patients with metastases from an invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast have been compared with 72 consecutive metastatic ductal carcinomas. There was no difference in the metastatic free interval between the two groups. A distinct pattern of clinical presentation of metastases was seen; hepatic (P = 0.01) and peritoneal metastases (P = 0.0003) occurred more commonly in lobular tumours. Bilateral cancers were more common in the lobular group (P = 0.01). No difference was seen in terms of meningeal and pulmonary metastases. Survival after metastases was significantly longer in patients with metastatic lobular carcinoma (P = 0.02).
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PMID:A comparison of the clinical metastatic patterns of invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas of the breast. 185 Jun 13

Intra-arterial angio-CT is used increasingly in the diagnosis of liver metastases since the sensitivity of this method is greater than that of IV-contrast CTs. We carried out this procedure in eight patients with inoperable carcinomas of the bronchus, eight patients with carcinoma of the breast, one patient with an hepatocellular carcinoma and one patient with carcinoma metastases, before starting intra-arterial chemotherapy or tumour embolisation. The procedure permitted optimal placing of the catheter to ensure complete perfusion of the tumour. Perfusion of normal tissue can be reduced to a minimum. Failure of contrast filling on the angio-CT indicates the presence of a second vessel supplying the tumour.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial angio-CT as a perfusion control before intra-arterial chemotherapy in bronchial, breast and liver tumors]. 185 41

In order to establish the value of ultrasound examination of the axillary lymph nodes on the presence of lymph node metastases of carcinoma of the breast a prospective survey was carried out in 100 consecutive patients with a carcinoma of the breast on which a lymph node dissection was performed. In the survey the results of the ultrasound examination were compared with the results of the physical and pathological examinations. Although the sensitivity of the ultrasound examination was higher (60%) than that of the physical examination (33%) the ultrasound examination proved insufficiently reliable.
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PMID:[Little extra information with ultrasonic studies of the axillary glands in patients with breast carcinoma]. 195 49

Postirradiation and Paget's osteosarcomas are high-grade malignancies. The five-year survival was only 10% in recent experience at the author's institution. Progressive pain is an important clinical feature in both conditions. Careful roentgenographic studies demonstrate cortical destruction and a soft-tissue mass in virtually all patients. Metastasis was present in 25% of both groups of patients at presentation. In contrast to previous series, more than 80% of the patients with postirradiation osteosarcoma had had irradiation for malignant entities and more than 70% had been treated with modern radiotherapy regimens (cobalt-60 or linear accelerator). Twice as many patients with postirradiation osteosarcoma were evaluated and treated in the 1980s than in the previous decade. The initial indication for irradiation often was carcinoma of the breast, uterus, or cervix, or lymphoma. Two-thirds of the patients had progressive disease that was not controllable within six months after diagnosis. Early detection may be the only effective means of improving survival with postirradiation or Paget's osteosarcoma. These patients require lifelong follow-up evaluations.
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PMID:Survival and management considerations in postirradiation osteosarcoma and Paget's osteosarcoma. 188 30


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