Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients survived free of disease ten and one-half, ten and almost six years, respectively, following compound hemipelvectomy for a variety of tumors. Each patient had been operated upon previously at least three times, but the tumors were still well localized despite the propensity for local infiltration or growth. In addition to the lower extremity and the ipsilateral pelvic bones, varieties of organs were resected. In one patient with chondrosarcoma of the pelvis, there was a local recurrent mass and, in another with adenocarcinoma of the appendix, a solitary pulmonary metastasis. Both of these lesions were successfully resected, and the patients remained free of disease nine and four and one-half years, respectively, after resection of the recurrent lesions. The third patients had carcinoma of the penis with metastases in both groins; carcinoma of the breast devedeveloped nine and one-half years after hemipelvectomy. The two younger patients were fitted with prostheses, and all three adjusted fairly well physically and psychologically to their disability. Frequently, the huge size of these tumors, the infiltration of many contiguous structures and, possibly, other features known to be associated with a bad prognosis make them appear to be incurable. We suggest that slowly growing tumor which remain localized for a long time can be controlled if adequately excised, possibly because they may be associated with strong systemic immunity. The extremely few such patients who may be encountered in surgical practice ought, therefore, to be recognized as potentially curable and treated accordingly, despite the often formidable risk or technical problems at operation and the resultant postoperative disabilities.
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PMID:Long term survival after compound hemipelvectomy. 83 54

Internal mammary lymph node biopsies were performed during radical mastectomy in 113 cases of invasive carcinoma of the breast. Metastases were found in 25 cases, 22% of the total. One hundred five of the cases received no further treatment unless cancer recurred and were observed for an average of 13.6 years. Local recurrence and 10-year mortality were significantly increased in the presence of internal mammary metastases, but it could not be demonstrated that the latter increased chest wall recurrence or decreased survival independently of axillary lymph node involvement. The survival of five patients with internal mammary metastases who were treated with postoperative irradiation or castration was not superior to that of 20 patients with untreated metastases. It was concluded that internal mammary metastases usually reflect generalized tumor spread and that local therapy directed at these nodes has a negligible influence upon cure of the disease. In that they reflect a poor prognosis, metastases at this site would justify systemic adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:The influence of untreated internal mammary metastases upon the course of mammary cancer. 83 36

Spiculated outgrowths around carcinomas of the breast were measured and assessed, both on roentgenograms and on microscopic slides in 104 spiculated carcinomas of the breast. On the basis of macroscopic and microscopic findings, the clinical stage of each tumor was corrected retrospectively. In the sense of an overestimation, 27.9 per cent, or an underestimation, 8.6 per cent, the clinical error reached 36.5 per cent of the true extent of the tumors. The relation of the histopathologic substrate of spicules of carcinoma of the breast upon metastases of axillary lymph nodes and clinical staging is significant.
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PMID:Importance of spicules on clinical staging of carcinoma of the breast. 84 52

Thirty-two evaluable patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast received chemotherapy consisting of BCNU plus cyclophosphamide followed in 18 hours by Adriamycin. Treatments were repeated every 4 weeks. Complete or partial responses were observed in 14 patients (43.7%) and in 12 of 27 drug-resistant patients (44.4%). An additional 26% of patients had objective improvement, for an overall objective response rate of 70.4% in drug-resistant patients. Skin, lymph node, and soft tissue metastases more frequently responded to therapy, while hepatic, peritoneal, and osseous metastases responded with an intermediate frequency. Pulmonary, pleural, and central nervous system metastases did not respond to therapy. The median duration of complete and partial responses was 6.8 months, and the median survival of these patients was 9.6 months. Overall, the median survival of all patients in this study was 6.5 months. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, particularly granulocytopenia. Congestive heart failure and stomatitis were rare. This combination of drugs is a reasonably well-tolerated regimen for treating advanced breast carcinoma in an ambulatory setting, and produces a high rate of objective antitumor response of moderate duration.
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PMID:Adriamycin, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, NSC 409962) and cyclophosphamide therapy of drug-resistant metastatic breast carcinoma. 90 47

The value of limited treatment without compulsory lymphadenectomy in carcinoma of the breast in only well documented for primary tumors in which the infiltrative size of the primary tumor is with certainly below one centimeter. In contra-distinction to this situation primary tumors of more than 2 cm. in size are characterized by macrometastases and metastases in the regional lymph nodes as well as intramammory lymphogenous spread by contiguity. Compared to the classical concept of indirect hemotogenous spread from the physiologic lymphatic drainage system via the deep veins of the neck, the validity of limited treatment can be seen in the operative specimen in the appropriate cases. Histology shows spread of the type of lymphohemotogenous shunts.
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PMID:[The problem of limited treatment of carcinoma of the breast. Documentation of the results on 400 operative specimens (author's transl)]. 90 64

Eighty-six patients with the clinical features of inflammatory carcinoma of the breast (erythema, peau d'orange, wheals or ridges) were treated with irradiation for potential cure between July 1948 and December 1970. Long protracted irradiation alone with a strong skin reaction offers 50% local control, which is the best rate yet reported. Any surgical procedure beyond biopsy is probably damaging: all patients subjected to mastectomy developed distant metastases and died. Ninety per cent of the patients were dead by five years and only 3 patients remain alive without evidence of disease 7, 10 and 14 years after radiotherapy. Analysis of survival rates, incidence, sites and times of appearance of local recurrences, and distant metastases is presented.
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PMID:Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. 95 34

In 82 patients, a preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has been established by means of transfemoral neck vein catheterization and measurement of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Twenty-five of these patients have had cancer in other parts of the body but with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. One patient had carcinoma of the colon with metastases, and four were members of families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA, Types I and II). In six other hypercalcemic patients, high levels of iPTH were found also in the effluent blood from cancer sites other than the parathyroid gland, secondary to ectopic hormone production or pseudohyperparathyroidism. In addition, a high serum level of iPTH was found in the superior vena cava of a seventh patient who had carcinoma of the breast but no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence or metastasis with the exception of an enlarged liver. This iPTH finding was interpreted as being, probably, the result of parathyroid adenoma in either the neck or the mediastinum. At the time of operation, a transcervical mediastinal search was made. Four normal cervical parathyroid glands were found; three were removed. Hypercalcemia persisted after operation, and the patient died. At postmortem examination, microscopic study revealed that the disease had metastasized to lungs and hilar lymph nodes. There was massive metastasis in the liver; the liver contained a large amount of iPTH. The results of these investigations suggest that (1) venous catheterization of the neck veins and the effluent blood from extraparathyroid tumors aid in identifying and localizing iPTH production; (2) primary benign hyperparathyroidism is not uncommon in patients with cancer, and its co-existence must be recognized; (3) high serum iPTH level in the superior vena cava may be found in patients with metastatic or primary cancer of the thoracic cavity; and (4) hyperparathyroidism may be the first hint of a familial multiple endocrine syndrome.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in patients with known malignent disease. 96 5

Two therapy groups were formed at random out of 82 patients with progressive carcinoma of the breast. One was treated with estrogens, namely 17-ethinyl 1,3,5-estratriene 3,17 diol (SH 8.1083). The second group was treated with depot preparations consisting of a combination of estrogens and gestagens; these patients received 90 mg estradiol valerianate and 300 mg 17-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone caproate (SH 8.0834) weekly. The estrogen therapy resulted in a remission rate of 48% (complete remission 21.1%, partial remission 26.9%). The remission rate of the combination treatment was 46.6% (complete remission 23.3%, partial remission 23.3%). There was no considerable difference between the remission rates produced by the two therapeutik methods. It is remarkable that much more osseous remissions were found under the combination therapy of estrogens and gestagens. There were no substantial differences between the remission rates of the soft-tissue metastases and the pleuropulmonary metastases. In the estrogen group the remissions took 7.7 months, whereas an average remission period of 8.3 months was observed in the estrogen-gestagen group.
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PMID:[Additive treatment of metastasizing breast cancer with special reference to postmenopausal age (results of a randomized study)]. 96 23

The incidence of adrenal metastasis is surprisingly high with certain types of malignant neoplasms such as carcinoma of the breast and lung, and melanoma. Since adrenal metastases are usually clinically silent, radiologic findings assume greater importance. The radiologic features found in 21 patients with proved adrenal metastases are presented.
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PMID:Radiologic features of adrenal metastases. 96 85

Antibody against a breast carcinoma antigen was present in patients with breast carcinoma and other cancer more often (P less than .05) than in normal women. The incidence of antibody in women with breast carcinoma correlated with the presence or absence of gross tumor, and the titer of antibody paralleled the clinical course. These results suggest importance of a host-immune response to breast carcinoma. Fifty-seven patients with stage II carcinoma of the breast were entered into a prospective randomized adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy program of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil, and BCG vaccine +/- an irradiated allogeneic tumor cell vaccine. After 24 months of study, metastases occurred in two patients (3.5%) and a new primary carcinoma developed in the contralateral breast in two others, for an overall treatment failure rate of 7%. Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy can delay early recurrence. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the significance of these results.
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PMID:Immunology and adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of breast cancer. 98 61


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