Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients with carcinoid tumors of the anterior mediastinum are described. Study of these patients and an analysis of previously reported cases indicates that the thymus is the primary site of these tumors, which are probably related to the presence of Kulchitsky cells in normal thymus. These neoplasms differ clinically and anatomically from conventional thymomas. They occur predominantly in men, are not associated with myasthenia gravis or red-cell hypoplasia, and are more aggressive tumors than thymomas. Histologically, they are similar to carcinoid tumors of other organs and differ from the variable combination of epithelial cells and lymphocytes of thymomas. Although they are usually locally invasive and frequently metastasize, the clinical course is usually protracted. It is probable that the reported examples of Cushing's syndrome related to thymomas were actually associated with thymic carcinoid tumors.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the thymus. 0 80

Twenty-seven small cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and giant cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD cell tumors including small cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin.
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PMID:The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature. 3 40

Following ligature of the hepatic artery in the treatment of hepatic metastases of a carcinoid tumour of the small bowel, the authors noted a spectacular regression in functional symptoms. Several similar cases are recorded in the literature and similar findings given. The comfort, even though short-lived, which ligation brings justifies its use.
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PMID:[Ligation of the hepatic artery for metastases from a carcinoid tumor]. 5 May 87

Two patients with multiple hepatic carcinoid metastases experienced considerable symptomatic relief after the hepatic artery was embolised with fragments of absorbable gelatin sponge administered through a percutaneous arterial catheter. With adequate pharmacological cover the technique is a safe, effective, and relatively painless treatment for a condition which is usually very difficult to manage.
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PMID:Treatment of carcinoid liver metastases by hepatic-artery embolisation. 7 32

Special features which enable preoperative differential diagnosis are dealt with in detail with reference to 44 patient with carcinoid of the digestive tract. Carcinoid of the appendix becomes noticable early with signs of acute or chronic appendicitis and in 94% of cases is operated on in good time. Angiography of the superior mesenteric artery shows a characteristic stellate figure in the mesenterium in carcinoid of the small intestine. In contrast to the primary tumor, liver metastases show intense vascularization in the angiogram. A rise in urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid is pathognomonic for carcinoid, its determination permits the checking of operative radicality and shows the appearance of metastases early.
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PMID:[Carcinoid of the digestive tract. Diagnostic possibilities (author's transl)]. 10 77

In 156 patients the dynamic liver perfusion study with 99mTc-sulfur colloid and the scintillation camera was performed. Out of the 81 cases with confirmed diagnosis, the rapid sequential liver study was only in one case to provide an additional information of clinical importance, which could not be demonstrated by static liver imaging. Except for 2 patients with carcinoid metastases of the liver and 3 cases of acute hepatitis, we did not find any significant difference in the activity appearance in the liver between normal subjects and patients with liver metastases and diffuse liver diseases.
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PMID:[The radionuclide hepato-angiography in the clinical diagnosis (author's transl)]. 12 7

Fifty-seven thymomas, defined as neoplasms of the epithelial-reticular framework cells of the thymus, were assessed in respect to histologic type, inclusive of there ultrastructural aspects. The median age of the 57 patients was 40.4 years, with a range of 2 1/2--72 years. All neoplasms were located in the anterior mediastinum. The tumours in 40 cases were encapsulated and without invasion of adjacent tissue or implants (equal to non-invasive thymomas). The tumors in 17 cases were invasive of adjacent tissue, particularly mediastinal pleura, pericard and trachea. Six of 57 patients (equal to 10.5%) with thymomas have had a thoracic and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, and osteolytic metastases in the vertebrae and sternum. Thirty-seven (equal to 64.9%) were so-called lympho-epithelial, 7 (equal to 12.3%) pure epithelial, 4 (equal to 7.0%) atypical (or anaplastic) with granulomatous focuses, 3 (equal to 5.3%) carcinoid and one (equal to 1.8%) seminomatous tumors. One patient have had a thymic cyst as a tumor-like conditions of the thymus, and four patients (equal to 7.0%) have had a thymo-lipoma. The histologic type of thymoma had no proof value in predicting prognosis with the exception of the so-called atypical or anaplastic thymoma. The fine structural aspects of thymomas and the fine structural differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal tumors are discussed.
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PMID:[A comparative clinical and pathological study on the classification and prognostic features of 57 thymomas. I. Microscopy and ultrastructural pathology (author's transl)]. 14 45

Of 49 patients with midgut and hindgut carcinoids, second primary distinct carcinomas occurred in 12. The most aggressive carcinoids were the 24 that arose in the distal small bowel and cecum. Of the patients affected, 15 had lymph node metastases and eight had liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. That only five patients were completely relieved of symptoms following resection was partially explained by autopsy findings in 15 patients, six of whom had metastatic extra-abdominal carcinoid without liver metastases (most commonly, bone metastases).
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PMID:Gastrointestinal carcinoids: extrahepatic metastases and symptomatology following resection. 15 20

Continued uncertainty about the prognosis for patients with bronchial adenomata led to a review of the experience of this condition in the Brompton Hospital. Of 72 patients seen between January 1955 and December 1972, 39 were women and 33 men, mean age 45 years, range 9-73 years. The commonest presenting symptoms were haemoptysis, cough, sputum, and repeated chest infections. Positive bronchoscopic biopsy occurred in 35 of 43 cases; five of these were originally reported as carcinomata, of oat-cell type in four. Plain chest film abnormality occurred in 69 patients. Seventy-three operative procedures comprised two endoscopic removals, two wedge resections, six bronchotomies, five pneumonectomies, and 58 lobectomies (seven with sleeve resection). Recurrence in three of six bronchotomies--two with adenoid cystic carcinomata (cylindromata)--necessitated further surgery. Lobectomy and lymph node dissection is usually the operation of choice. Histology confirmed 67 carcinoids (eight with atypical histology or lymph node metastases), two adenoid cystic carcinomata, one muco-epidermoid, and two mucous gland adenomata. Prolonged follow-up is especially indicated in patients with adenoid cyst carcinoma and in those with atypical or metastatic carcinoid histology. Although such pathology is not incompatible with long survival, of 10 patients in these categories, all five late deaths were probably related to the tumour. However, of 57 patients considered to have had typical carcinoid histology and adequate removal of the tumour, there has to date been no tumour-related death, but one patient developed radiosensitive atypical carcinoid tracheal tumours nine years later. The actuarially assessed survival of 71 patients undergoing surgery for bronchial adenomata was 75% at 15 years. Specific tumour types should replace the term bronchial adenoma.
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PMID:Bronchial adenoma: review of 18-year experience at the Brompton Hospital. 18 62

Two cases of carcinoid adenomata of the bronchus in children are added to 25 previously reported cases of bronchial adenomata in children in the literature. Carcinoid tumors represent close to 50 per cent of bronchial adenomata in children, with cylindromas (adenoid cystic) forming 13 per cent and mucoepidermoids two per cent. Over 1/3 of bronchial adenomata have metastases at the time of diagnosis. No cases of carcinoid syndrome have been reported in children. The treatment of choice is lobectomy with sleeve resection or, failing that, pulmonary resection. The overall five-year survival time varies from 50 to 80 per cent and is enhanced by surgical resection.
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PMID:Endobronchial adenomata in children. 18 59


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