Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The new radioimmunoassays for AFP and beta-HCG are highly specific for nonseminomatous, germ-cell testicular tumor in genitourinary patients who do not have liver disease or other cancers. When used together, they are an accurate and sensitive indicator of metastases and are helpful in determining the effectiveness of therapy. However, they are not very useful in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in the management of testicular tumors. 8 63

When records of 29 chronic heart disease and 34 metastatic cancer patients were studied for results of resuscitation efforts versus supportive care only efforts, 26 (90 percent) of the heart patients were given resuscitation while 3 (9 percent) of the cancer patients received such care. One (3 percent) heart patient received supportive care only and expired. Thirty (88 percent) of the cancer patients who received supportive care only expired. Of the patients who received resuscitation effort, 17 heart patients died immediately, 5 lived hours or days following the effort, and 4 were discharged from the hospital. Of the cancer patients who received resuscitative care, 2 expired immediately and 1 lived a few hours or days after the effort.
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PMID:Effects of resuscitation for patients with metastatic cancers and chronic heart disease. 8 83

Using strict indications, local cryosurgery was performed in 86 patients with cancer of the colon. Survival time was longer both for patients with advanced tumour growth and distant metastases and those with potentially curable tumour but in too poor a general condition for operation. Other advantages of cryosurgery are the low complication and mortality rates, the possibility of out-patient treatment without anaesthesia, and thus a general reduction in cost. Indications for colostomy as final palliation can therefore be more narrowly defined than previously customary.
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PMID:[Cancer of the colon: clinical and morphological aspects of local cryosurgery (author's transl)]. 8 4

Between January 1969 and February 1975, 344 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were managed primarily at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. One hundred sixty-eight (168) of the patients were treated palliatively and 176 of the patients were treated by radical doses of radiation, surgical resection or both. Survival of the radical treatment group was biphasic, the steeper component being identical to the survival of the palliative treatment group, thereby representing a group of patients that did not respond to radical treatment. Analysis of pretreatment assessment parameters indicated that all patients with T1 lesions (length less than or equal to 5 cm, circumference incomplete) and all patients with Stage I disease responded to treatment. Patients who were female, age greater than or equal to 70 years, N0 or had well differentiated squamous cell histology, responded to treatment in at least 80% of cases. No patient with extralymphatic distant metastases responded to treatment. The presence of other major disease did not affect response to treatment. Thirty patients had surgical resections and their survival was not significantly greater than the 146 patients who had radical radiation alone. Survival analysis revealed an optimum range of nominal standard dose (NSD) of 1602--1714 rets (median 1679 rets) for patients treated by radiation alone. An optimum port size (area) of 100--140 cm2 was observed for patients receiving 5000 rads and supervoltage irradiation gave a significantly improved survival in comparison with megavoltage irradiation. Sixty-seven percent (67%) of patients treated by radical doses or radiation developed esophageal strictures postradiation and on the basis of radiological, endoscopic or histological evidence 75% of these strictures were considered to be associated with the persistence of malignancy. On the basis of postmortem examinations (32) and death certificates there was overall an 80% failure to control the disease locally and 95% of strictures were associated with persistence of malignancy in the esophagus. Thirty-one of the 146 patients receiving radical radiation alone had palliation for esophageal obstruction following radiotherapy. The construction of a physiological bypass (e.g., colon) resulted in a mean survival of 215 days which was much longer than the survival observed with rigid esophageal tubes (35 days) or gastrostomy tubes (58 days).
Cancer 1979 Jun
PMID:Carcinoma of the esophagus: pretreatment assessment, correlation of radiation treatment parameters with survival, and identification and management of radiation treatment failure. 8 52

Between 1973 and 1977, 247 patients with malignant teratoma have been treated in two units in London. Seventeen have developed brain metastases, an overall incidence of 6.2%. The median survival from diagnosis of cerebral metastases is 6 weeks and all patients except one have died. The survivor is disease-free 12 months after completing treatment, which included extensive use of chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. Serum gonadotrophin (HCG) and alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) estimations have been performed in 264 patients as a means of monitoring the effects of therapy. In 42 patients (37 of whom had Stage IV disease) the peak HCG level was greater than 10(4) iu/l, and the incidence of brain metastases in this group was 26%, significantly higher than in the group with HCG levels below 10(4) iu/l, for which the incidence of cerebral deposits was 1.8% (P less than 0.0001). No significant correlation was seen between peak AFP levels and the incidence of brain metastasis. With the aim of improving results by earlier diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens have been examined for HCG and AFP levels in 56 subjects, 9 of whom had brain metastases. A serum: CSF HCG ratio less than 40 is an accurate indication of the presence of brain metastases, and may have considerable predictive value. However, false-negative serum: CSF HCG rations (greater than 40) frequently occur in patients with proven brain deposits. Estimation of AFP in spinal fluid has not contributed to the early diagnosis of brain metastases in malignant teratoma.
Br J Cancer 1979 Mar
PMID:Brain metastases in malignant teratoma: a review of four years' experience and an assessment of the role of tumour markers. 8 52

Sera from patients with carcinoma of the prostate were screened for the presence of blocking factors by measuring the inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis of normal lymphocytes. The blastogenic index obtained in cancer sera is not significantly different from that obtained in sera of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (control group). Determination of alpha-2-globulins in the cancer sera by cellulose acetate electrophoresis revealed slightly elevated levels in patients with metastatic disease but it did not correlate with the inhibitory blocking activity of the serum.
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PMID:Search for blocking factors in sera of patients with prostatic cancer. 9 Jan 78

Evaluation of alterations in the level of the five major electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins (albumin, alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulin) in 18 patients with prostatic cancer prior to and following cryoprostatectomy disclosed: (i) a progressive increase in the level of alpha 2- and beta-globulin and the incidence of patients possessing statistically significant (p less than 0.05) elevations in these proteins with a progression of the stage of their malignancy; (ii) a significant decrease in albumin, alpha 2- and beta-globulin and increase in alpha 1- and gamma-globulin from their preoperative levels following cryoprostatectomy in patients with metastatic disease (stage III) in association with a favorable clinical response; (iii) an overall significant decrease in albumin and alpha 2-globulin and increase in alpha 1-globulin from their preoperative levels and (iv) a general association of decreases in albumin (83% of the patients) and alpha 2-globulin (92%) and gamma-globulin (75%) with a favorable clinical response following cryoprostatectomy. Limited to study of a small patient population, the present results confirm earlier studies suggestive of a prognostic potential for alpha 2-globulin, as applied to stage identification in prostatic cancer once the initial diagnosis has been made. Pending confirmation and evaluation of a larger patient population, the observed alterations in serum protein, while not pathognomonic for prostatic cancer, and alterations of inhibitory ('immunoregulatory') factors, may provide adjunctive criteria for monitoring the clinical response following cryoprostatectomy.
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PMID:Serum proteins in prostatic cancer. IV. Alterations and clinical response following cryoprostatectomy. 9 Dec 52

Patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer received an induction regimen consisting of bleomycin in 24-hour infusions and bolus iv doses of vinblastine followed by an Adriamycin and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) combination. Patients achieving complete remission after one or two cycles of this induction chemotherapy were then randomized to receive either radiotherapy (RT) to the previously involved tumor areas or maintenance chemotherapy (MCT) with CCNU, methotrexate, and vinblastine for 2 years. Among 62 evaluable patients, induction chemotherapy achieved 15 (24%) partial remissions and 35 (56%) complete remissions. Two patients with partial remission and single pulmonary metastases were rendered disease-free by surgical resection of residual tumor. Twenty patients received MCT and 15 received RT. To date, median survival is 10,8+ months in the MCT group with five relapses and 12.5 months in the RT group with two relapses. Toxicity in the induction phase was moderately severe with two drug-related deaths.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Treatment of metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer: a preliminary report of induction chemotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy or radiotherapy. 9 36

A multimodality treatment program for disseminated testicular cancer using vinblastine/bleomycin/cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) remission-induction therapy followed by surgery and cyclophosphamide/Adriamycin maintenance therapy has been used in 25 patients. The overall complete and partial response rate was 100%. Six of six patients (100%) with stage II (advanced abdominal) disease have remained in complete remission for a median followup period of 8 months. Seventeen of 19 patients (89%) with stage III metastatic disease have been in complete remission for a median duration of 20 months. No relapses have occurred in any patients who achieved a complete remission. Two of 19 patients (11%) with stage III disease achieved a partial response; one died at 4 months and the other died at 14 months. The toxicity was severe, especially during remission induction. However, there were no drug- or surgically related deaths.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Sequential combination chemotherapy and surgery for disseminated testicular cancer: cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), vinblastine, and bleomycin remission-induction therapy followed by cyclophosphamide and adriamycin. 9 38

Groups of 4 guinea-pigs were immunized with acid extracts prepared from bovine myelin (EF), normal human liver tissue and malignant or benign neoplastic tissues in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA1. The animals were weighed daily and examined for clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). All the animals immunized with EF developed clinical symptoms of EAE within 21 days of the initial immunization, whilst some of the animals immunized with certain tumour extracts developed symptoms which closely resembled those of EAE. Control animals immunized with FCA only remained asymptomatic. Cellular immunity to the various extracts in immunized animals was assessed 20 days after immunization by i.d. skin testing, and upon killing at Day 21 with the direct peritoneal-exudate macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) test. Brains and spinal cords were removed at killing, fixed in formalin and processed for histological examination. I.d. skin testing was shown to be most consistent in demonstrating positive delayed hypersensitivity, whilst the MMI test frequently gave negative results in the presence of pronounced skin responses to specific extracts. Thus it was shown that 3/4 animals immunized with basic proteins extracted from an adenocarcinoma of the lung or related hepatic metastases, and 1/2 animals immunized with an extract of a carcinoma of the breast, gave intense erythema and induration responses 5 mm in diameter 24 h after i.d. challenge with EF. No such response was obtained in animals immunized with basic proteins extracted from normal human liver, any of the other neoplastic tissues, or in control animals immunized with FCA only. Examination of brains and spinal cords from animals immunized with EF revealed dense infiltration by mononuclear cells in the ependyma and choroid plexus of levels in the spinal cord. Examination of brains and spinal cords from animals immunized with the lung-tumour extract or related hepatic metastases which showed demonstrable immunological cross-reactivity with EF in immunized animals, revealed a number of inflammatory changes characterized by dense infiltrates of mononuclear cells sub-ependymally, and perivascular cuffing in the cortex. However, no significant lesions were seen in the spinal cords of these animals. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the 2 tumour extracts exerting this apparent encephalitogenic effect did not reveal proteins within the mol. wt range of EF. Thus the observed pathological effects and cross-reactivity with EF were probably not due to contamination with nervous-tissue components. It is suggested that these tumour extracts may have contained a component or components other than EF, immunologically cross-reactive with EF, and capable of inducing the observed encephalitis.
Br J Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Immunological cross-reactivity between acid extracts of myelin, liver and neoplastic tissues: studies in immunized guinea-pigs. 9 28


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