Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine of 30 mammary cancer patients developed metastases during 13-94 months after mastectomy. All 9 patients had elevated blood levels of pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin (PAM) 1-21 months before conventional detection of metastases. Seven of the clinically well patients had PAM rises exceeding 90 per cent above the baseline and in 4 of these the PAM later fell to lower levels. PAM appears to have potential as an indicator of the growth of micrometastases.
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PMID:Preclinical warning of recrudescent mammary cancers by pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin. 6 99

Alpha-fetoprotein was assayed radioimmunologically in 51 samples of sera from 26 patients who had been operated for embryonal cell carcinoma of the testis. The test was found to have good prognostic value. Elevated levels were seen frequently in patients with metastase or who developed metastases. The kinetic study of alpha-fetoprotein allows us to monitor treatment efficiency, as well as to study cancer evolution.
Cancer 1976 Oct
PMID:Prognostic value of alpha-fetoprotein radioimmunoassay in surgically treated patients with embryonal cell carcinoma of the testis. 6 7

Five tumor markers were measured simultaneously in serum by radioimmunoassay: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HGC), the beta subunit of HCG, and Kappa casein. In a population of 935 normal subjects these antigens were undetectable or found within precise limits. In patients with tumors of various origins the rate of pathologically elevated levels was 72% at the beginning of the clinical course (194 cases). This high rate was primarily due to the simultaneous measurement of CEA, betaHCG, HCG, and casein. AFP was of little importance. The simultaneous measurement of these tumor markers may be one biochemical element of diagnosis of carcinoma, although this criterion is neither absolute nor specific, as 14.7% of patients with non-neoplastic disorders (234 cases) were positive for one antigen. In the presence of metastases (112 cases) the rate of pathologic levels of at least one antigen was increased: 86% due to CEA and casein assay at the same time as their absolute levels were increased. Surgical removal reduces the rate of positivity of these antigens to 37%. As was shown in patients with breast cancer, the rate was 10% when the tumor had been removed at Stage N- and 54% when it was removed at Stage N+. Thus, the persistence of pathologic levels could be correlated with the capacity for recurrence or metastases. Finally chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, do not decrease the rate of positivity of the tumor markers.
Cancer 1976 Dec
PMID:Simultaneous assays of cancer-associated antigens in various neoplastic disorders. 6 15

Thymic-dependent lymphocytic blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 59 patients with varying stages of prostatic cancer to the non-specific plant mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and the correlation of their responsiveness with the clinical stage of malignancy and level of alpha2-globulin have been evaluated. Patients within each of the four stages of malignancy possessed statistically significant extrinsic (noted in 40 (68%) of 59 patients) and intrinsic (noted in 21 (47%) of 45 patients) aberrations of their lymphocytic responsiveness to PHA compared with the responsiveness of a control population of non-cancer patients. The observed aberrations were, however, not significantly different between each stage nor did they correlate with the stage of disease. Similarly, levels of alpha2-globulin, while significantly elevated within each stage, as compared with the levels in the control population, no significant differences or correlation with the stage of disease was observed. Of interest, perhaps pending further study, were observations of the increased frequency of the number of patients with a significant elevation of alpha2 with a progression of malignancy from localized to invasive and metastatic disease. A similar trend in the incidence of the association of aberrations of lymphocytic reactivity with elevated levels of alpha2 were also noted with a progression of disease. The present confirmatory observations of a recent study in this laboratory of diminished cellular responsiveness in patients with prostatic cancer may be of considerable relevance in directing the therapeutic management of the patient - lest the therapy selected be further debilitating providing reduced surveillance - metastization of tumour cells, and alteration of tumour-host homeostasis.
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PMID:Evaluation of cellular immunologic responsiveness in the clinical management of patients with prostatic cancer. I. Thymic-dependent lymphocytic blastogenesis. 6 9

The effects of long-term anticoagulation with phenprocoumon on growth of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) were studied. Oral anticoagulation initiated at the day of i.m. transplantation of the 3LL into C57BL mice significantly inhibited primary tumour growth and reduced the number of spontaneous metastases to the lungs. Intermittent anticoagulation was without effect on metastasis formation but still retarded primary growth. There was no influence of anticoagulation on the mean survival time (MST) of tumour-bearing animals. Phenprocoumon appears to improve the results of cyclophosphamide of 5-fluorouracil treatment, but there were no statisticially significant differences. In contrast, bleomycin treatment in combination with adjuvant anticoagulation suggested a possible drug synergy. No significant influence of anticoagulation on the response of the primary tumour to irradiattion was found, though the MST of irradiated and anticoagulated animals was greater than in the solely irradiated controls. The present investigations suggest that coumarin derivatives have some direct tumour-inhibiting capacities, but exert their antimetastatic action via deceleration of the blood clotting mechanism.
Br J Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:Oral anticoagulation in the treatment of a spontaneously metastasising murine tumour (3LL). 6 54

The length of survival of 302 patients with breast cancer first treated between 1946 and 1949, who had mostly only contemporary radiotherapy for metastases, has been reviewed and compared with that of 578 patients, first treated between 1966 and 1969, who had modern endocrine therapy, cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although patients in the latter group demonstrated a significantly increased length of survival after the first metastases appeared, these differences were not substantial. In spite of impressive regressions in some patients with metastatic breast cancer after modern palliative therapy, the median survival after the first appearance of metastases has been increased only by about 6 months.
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PMID:Effect of current palliative treatment on the survival of patients with breast cancer. 6 91

The clinical features of 57 autopsied cases of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including 28 cases of the peripheral type (cholangiocarcinoma in the narrow sense) and 29 cases of the hilar type are described in comparison with those of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a review of the literature on the clinicopathological aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. As compared with hepatocellular carcinoma, the average age of the patients was older; the male predominance was not obvious, chronic parenchymal liver disease was infrequent in the past history, association of primary cirrhosis was seldom, cholestatic features were frequently the early signs and more pronounced during the course, the liver was enlarged to a lesser extent, ascites was less common, signs of portal hypertension were absent or minimal, and extrahepatic metastases were less frequent. In many respects, the hilar type resembled extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and the peripheral type was somewhat between it and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the overall survival was not much different from that for hepatocellular carcinoma, early diagnosis is emphasized; this would make surgical management possible. Differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma may be possible in the majority with direct cholangiography, liver scan, celiac angiography, determination of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen, and blood chemistry such as SGOT, SLDH, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Illustrative cases are given including one patient with a hilar carcinoma who survived for more than 2 years after transhepatic biliary drainage.
Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:Clinical aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including hilar carcinoma: a study of 57 autopsy-proven cases. 6 93

Case reports are given of 37 patients treated between 1964 and 1976 because of carcinoma of the anus, and clinical signs and symptoms, therapy and prognosis are discussed. Most of the patients were 50-70 years old, women being more often afficted then men. Often the carcinoma was misdiagnosed as a benign disease. Hemorrhage and pain were the presenting symptoms in most of the case. Therapy depends upon the localization and the stage of the tumor. Carcinoma localizad distally of the linea dentata were excised locally; infiltrating carcinomas received radiotherapy postoperatively. Abdominal amputation of the rectum was performed if the linea dentata or regional lymph-nodes were involved. Bilateral dissection of inguinal lymph-nodes was performed only if inguinal metastases were suspected. No patients surviving 5 years were observed in the group with lymph-node metastases. On the contrary all patients survived, if carcinoma was localized distally to the linea dentata and had been excised locally. Recurrent malignancy was found only in 3 of these cases. On the basis of these findings it can be concluded that local excision is the therapy of choice in selected cases.
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PMID:[Carcinoma of the anus - clinical signs and symptoms, therapy and prognosis (author's transl)]. 6 37

A radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen with utilization of the so-called sandwich method was established and used for clinical investigation. A collaborative study was made through the cooperation of 34 institutions in Japan, and serum samples from about 400 normal adults, 500 patients with benign diseases, and 1500 cancer patients were assayed. About 90% of the normal adults showed carcinoembryonic antigen levels of under 2.5 ng/ml. The benign disease group showed somewhat higher levels than did the normal group, and the cancer group had levels significantly higher than those of the benign group. The levels were strikingly high in cases of advanced cancer with metastases. The specificity of carcinoembryonic antigen and its antiserum is discussed.
Cancer Res 1977 Jul
PMID:A collaborative clinical study of carcinoembryonic antigen in Japan. 6 88

A concurrent randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate a combination of Bleomycin and radiation as against radiation only in the treatment of advanced oral cancer has been conducted at the Cancer Institute, Madras, since 1971. All T3 and T4 previously untreated oral squamous cell carcinomas with N0, N1 and N2 regional nodes, or N3 nodes confined to the submandibular region, without systemic metastases or gross infiltration of the temporal and infratemporal fossa producing total trismus, and in decent general health were eligible for the trial. Patients with gross active pulmonary tuberculosis were excluded, as were recurrent carcinomas. Age, external fungation of growth or radiological bone invasion were no bar. Randomisation was done by the sealed envelope technique. The study group received concurrent fractionated cobalt 60 teletherapy using two opposing fields and 10-15 mg of Intra-arterial or Intravenous Bleomycin. The controls received fractionated cobalt teletherapy and i.v. or i.m. distilled water on the same protocol as the Bleomycin cases. All cases were evaluated double blind 8 weeks after the end of radiation therapy, and were classified as 'favourable response' or 'failure'. The criterion of 'favourable response' was 'total clinical healing of the tumour within the volume of irradiation with no subsequent recurrence within that volume, whatever the length of follow up'. Anything else was reported as a failure. A long term follow up of 3 years is also available. 136 cases have completed the trial. The favourable response in the study group was 77% as against 20.9% in the control group. The differential response is statistically significant. The present study is the fourth in the series of combined therapeutic trials conducted in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma since 1958. (Krishnamurthi and Shanta, 1963, 1965, 1967 and 1971). A concurrent randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate the combination of Bleomycin and radiation as against radiation only in treatment of advanced oral cancer has been conducted at the Cancer Institute, Madras since 1971.
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PMID:Combined therapy of oral cancer bleomycin and radiation: a clinical trial. 6 44


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