Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review was made of 128 patients who had obstructing cancer of the colon and rectum. About one-third of the patients had metastatic disease at the time of presentation. Primary resection carried an initial higher mortality rate than staged resection, but at one year and three years, no statistical difference can be found between the two procedures. There are high morbidity and mortality rates with all forms of treatment. A controlled comparative trial of primary and staged resection is recommended in the treatment of obstructing cancer of the colon and rectum.
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PMID:Treatment of obstructing cancer of the colon and rectum. 5 97

Seventy-three patients have been submitted to 74 further laparotomies for suspected recurrent malignant abdominal disease over a period of 13 months. The original tumour was situated in the large bowel in 42, oesophagus or stomach in 24, ovary in 3, small intestine in 2 and pancreas and retroperitoneum in 1 instance each. There were 10 examples of benign lesions, 16 of further primary cancer and 24 of resectable local recurrences or metastases. Seventeen patients underwent some palliative procedure, and only 7 were beyond any surgical help.
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PMID:Is a 'second look operation' justified in suspected recurrences after abdominal cancer surgery? 5 82

111Indium-Bleomycin (111In-Blm), a new radiopharmaceutical, was administered intravenously to 37 patients with benign and malignant breast lesions. Early and delayed images of both the breasts and axillae were made, and results were correlated with physical examination, histopathology of the excised lesion, mammography, and thermography. In 18 patients with malignant disease, clinical examination of the breast and axilla correlated with histopathology in 78 and 54% of the cases, respectively. Images of the breast were accurate (true positives) in 83% of the cases. Images of the axilla were accurate in 62% of the cases. Mammography was correct and suggested malignancy in 88%, and thermography in 73% of the cases. In 19 patients with benign breast lesions, clinical examination of the breast and axilla correlated with histopathology in 68 and 95% of the cases, respectively. Scans of the breast and axilla were correct (true negative) 79 and 95% of the time, respectively. Mammography was correct, and suggested benignancy, in 53% and thermography in 25% of the cases. Imaging of the breasts using 111In-Blm appears to be as accurate as physical examination and mammography for palpable benign and malignant breast tumors. It is less accurate than mammography for microscopic malignancies. Axillary imaging does not appear to be worthwhile because many axillary metastases are too small for detection with current nuclear medicine instrumentation.
Cancer 1976 Jan
PMID:111Indium-bleomycin breast and axilla imaging. 5

Fourteen cases of yolk sac carcinoma, 10 occurring in gonadal, and four in extragonadal sites, seen at the Indiana University Hospitals from 1949 to 1974, were analyzed with respect to pathologic features, laboratory findings, and clinical course. Their histologic appearance was similar regardless of the site of origin. Two basic histologic types were observed--the more common endodermal sinus pattern and the rare polyvesicular vitelline form. The prognosis is unfavorable, but three of our cases exhibited objective responses to chemotherapy. In our small series, the better prognosis of testicular yolk sac carcinomas in children found by some authors was not evident. Four of the 6 patients with yolk sac carcinoma in which serum alpha-fetoprotein determinations were performed showed positive results. Three of these cases had residual or metastatic disease clinically. The demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of patients with yolk sac carcinoma lends further support to the yolk sac origin of these tumors and could also prove to be of prognostic value by indicating the presence of residual or recurrent disease.
Cancer 1976 Feb
PMID:Gonadal and extragonadal yolk sac carcinomas: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. 5 18

Leukocytes from patients with limited cancer display LAI reactivity whereas leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer frequently demonstrate no reactivity in the tube LAI assay. The leukocytes (monocytes) of reactive patients react with tumour antigen through specific cytophilic anti-tumour IgG antibody bound to the monocyte's Fc cell surface receptors. The non-reactive monocytes from patients with advanced cancer lacked the ability to bind free cytophilic anti-tumour antibody. Moreover, the serum of the non-reactive patient contained no free cytophilic anti-tumour antibody capable of "arming" normal leukocytes. The serum of patients with large tumour burdens contained free tumour antigenic determinants capable of absorbing free cytophilic anti-tumour antibody from the serum of reactive patients or when preincubated with reactive leukocytes abrogating their LAI responsiveness immunologically specifically. Blocking was immunologically specific; therefore, the specificity must reside in the tumour antigenic determinant since immune complexes are bound nonspecifically. The tumour antigen coat was removed by gentle trypsinization of the monocyte's surface. This restored the monocyte's capacity to react with the sensitizing tumour antigen and to bind free cytophilic antibody from the microenvironment. Nonreactivity in the tube LAI assay of patients with metastatic cancer was not the result of a numerical deficit of circulating monocytes but was mediated by an excess of tumour antigen in the microenvironment of the sensitized monocyte.
Int J Cancer 1976 Jul 15
PMID:Tube leukocyte (monocyte) adherence inhibition assay for the detection of anti-tumour immunity. III. "Blockade" of monocyte reactivity by excess free antigen and immune complexes in advanced cancer patients. 5 11

The results of treating 50 patients with bladder cancer with radiotherapy over a three-year period are evaluated. Ten cases (20 per cent) were treated for palliation. Sixteen of 40 patients treated with intent of cure are considered well with no evidence of disease. Six additional cases were salvaged by further surgery. Another 7 patients died because of natural causes or distant metastases with good local control of the primary cancer postradiotherapy. The remaining 11 cases were considered failures, all died except one living with disease. These patients could not be saved by further surgery primarily because they were not medically fit. Six of twelve cases (50 per cent) survived three years and 19 of 31 cases (61 per cent) survived for one year free of disease. Reasons for possible failures are discussed.
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PMID:Role of radiation therapy in cancer of bladder. 6 39

The expression of an "oncodevelopmental" protein, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), has been systematically studied in rats during normal development and during regeneration of the liver by fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro, in rats bearing transplantable hepatomas, in rats fed chemical carcinogens, and in mice that spontaneously develop hematomas. AFP is a serum protein made normally during fetal and neonatal stages by liver and yolk sac cells. In newborn rats at approximately 4 weeks of age, the production of AFP is abruptly terminated, a process which is closely associated with cessation of liver cell proliferation. In adult rats, AFP production recurs following the reinitiation of hepatic DNA synthesis induced by partial hepatectomy or by the administration of heaptotoxic chemicals. Detailed metabolic and direct labeling studies of fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro also demonstrate a kinetically similar pattern of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and AFP production. In vitro studies utilizing combined autoradiography for DNA-synthesizing cells and immunofluorescence for AFP-containing cells demonstrates that replicating hepatocytes produce AFP, however, available data do not yet permit a distinction between G1 (pre- or postmitotic) and/or G2 production. During growth of an AFP- producing tumor, the serum concentration of AFP may be used as a accurate index of tumor growth, and, if a transplanted tumor is removed, as a marker for metastatic growth of the tumor. Using this model, we have shown that radiation to the lung at the time of surgical removal of a growing tumor in the leg will prevent establishment and growth of pulmonary metastases and that anti-AFP serum treatment may inhibit growth of a transplantable hepatoma that produces AFP. The exposure of rats to chemical hepatocarcinogens results in the appearance of evaluated serum AFP concentration as early as within 1 week of feeding; noncarcinogenic chemical analogs do not cause an elevation. AFP elevation also occurs with low doses of the hepatocarcinogen in the absence of detectable cell injury (by morphological examination of serum enzyme levels) or any other known morphological or biochemical change. This may represent a highly selective derepression of protein synthesis that occurs following the formation of a complex between the metabolites of the carcinogen and specific chromatin loci. Although every rat so far treated with even subcarcinogenic doses of hepatocarcinogens has elevated serum AFP concentrations, many primary carcinogen-induced hepatomas do not produce detectable AFP. Either there is a subsequent change in the preneoplastic AFP-producing cell that occurs prior to irreversible neoplastic alteration, or the hepatocytes originally influenced by the carcinogens to produce AFP are not necessarily the same cells that are the progenitors of the hepatoma produced by more prolonged exposure...
Cancer Res 1976 Nov
PMID:Expression of an oncodevelopmental gene product (alpha-fetoprotein) during fetal development and adult oncogenesis. 6 4

"Fingerprints" of 0.9% NaCl solution extracts obtained from fetal guts and individual adenocarcinoma of the colon show a randomized pattern of expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinants by CEA radioimmunoassay and isoelectric focusing. All CEA-containing antigens found in a pool of 20 primary adenomas were found at some stage in fetal development. No single CEA-reacting peak was typical of any one period of fetal development. When fetal gut profiles were grouped according to trimester in utero, however, an expanded gene pool was found in the second trimester which correlates well with maximum gastrointestinal growth and differentiation. Isoelectric focusing-CEA radioimmunoassay profiles of individual primary adenomas were similar to but never identical with individual fetal gut profiles. "Fingerprints" of metastatic adenomas of entodermal origin showed quantitative and qualitative increases in molecules with CEA determinants unlike these latter categories. Such data suggest that both integrator and controller gene activities may be lost in metastatic disease. Rather than "phase-specific gene sets" on different chromosomes being activated by various oncogenic modalities, it is more probable that individual chromosomes are involved in oncogenesis. While more data are needed to confirm this idea, it is safe to say that the expression of molecules with CEA determinants need not be caused by either derepressive or reexpressive gene activation. These data point to the individuality of gene expression of molecules with CEA determinants both in fetal development and in early neoplasia. Since CEA-reacting molecules were not found in tumors of ectodermal or mesodermal origin by these methods, such products should be termed carcino-developmental antigens of entodermal or colonic origin.
Cancer Res 1976 Sep
PMID:Gene activation of molecules with carcinoembryonic antigen determinants in fetal development and in adenocarcinoma of the colon. 6 12

Bencyclane hydrogen fumarate (Fludilat) was tested on the stickiness of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. It was intended to determine whether Fludilat reduced the cancer cell stickiness in vitro, and if the survival time of cancer cell carrying animals can be increased with Fludilat in vivo, or in combination with a cytostatic. For the in vitro trials, concentrations from 0.001 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml medium were chosen. The survival trial on NMRI-mice with Nemeth-Kellner lymphosarcoma was performed in three groups, each with 4-5 sub-groups: Control group--Fludilat 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin--50 mg/kg bodyweight, 100 mg/kg bodyweight, 250 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin 50 mg/kg bodyweight + Fludilat 5 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin 100 mg/kg + Fludilat 10 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin 250 mg/kg + Fludilat 20 mg/kg bodyweight. The sequence of deaths was determined, and the 50% survival time was taken as criterium for the effect of the treatment. The in vitro trials showed a complete removal of the monolayer of the tumor cells from the bottom of the culture flask, in doses of 0.01-1 mg/ml medium. In the in vivo trial an increase in the 50% survival time could be achieved in all groups. The results of combined therapy of Fludilat and Bleomycin were striking. In comparison to the control animals, the treated animals showed that the occurrence of solid abdominal metastases from the Nemeth-Kellner lymphosarcoma could be almost completely prevented, especially at high doses. The Ca++-antagonistic effect, in changing the surface of the cells, is discussed as a mechanism of action.
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PMID:[The effect of bencyclane hydrogen fumarate (Fludilate) on the adhesion of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro]. 6 34

There seems little doubt that the ability to prepare antibodies with a unique specificity for surface tumor antigens will have a tremendous usefulness in the diagnostic and therapeutics of cancer. This usefulness will be wide-ranged when the antibodies are labeled with radioisotopes as tools for screening for primary lesions to determine the presence and location of metastases. Therapeutically, such preparations can be used to deliver high doses of radiation to specific areas, as carriers of chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as take advantage of the intrinsic cytotoxicity of such materials. The major problem preventing general application is the production and purification of the tumor-specific antigen which can be used to prepare subsequent reactive antisera. Intensive efforts are going on into research in this area as well as the preparation and problems inherent with using specific antibodies on a diagnostic and therapeutic basis. Present research indicates that the former problem may be resolved reasonably soon and it is felt that this will lead to successful diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The various studies and problems are presented in this review in relation to their ultimate potential clinical usefulness.
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PMID:An immunologic approach to tumor imaging. 6


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