Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunotherapy of cancer is of interest to oncologists because it is specifically directed to cancer cells, sparing normal cells. While it is ineffective in most patients, especially those with widespread metastatic disease, it occasionally produces good results. Each of the available methods has inherent problems and, recently, attempts have been made to overcome some of these. There is a strong case for small-scale experimental trials in highly selected groups of patients who are intensively investigated for their immunologic status in relation to their tumour. Despite the lack of success in general, immunotherapy still appears to have a future as an adjunct to existing therapy in order to control as much as to cure residual tumour.
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PMID:Immunotherapy for cancer: an overview. 0 Nov 45

Three patients with carcinoid tumors of the anterior mediastinum are described. Study of these patients and an analysis of previously reported cases indicates that the thymus is the primary site of these tumors, which are probably related to the presence of Kulchitsky cells in normal thymus. These neoplasms differ clinically and anatomically from conventional thymomas. They occur predominantly in men, are not associated with myasthenia gravis or red-cell hypoplasia, and are more aggressive tumors than thymomas. Histologically, they are similar to carcinoid tumors of other organs and differ from the variable combination of epithelial cells and lymphocytes of thymomas. Although they are usually locally invasive and frequently metastasize, the clinical course is usually protracted. It is probable that the reported examples of Cushing's syndrome related to thymomas were actually associated with thymic carcinoid tumors.
Cancer 1976 Feb
PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the thymus. 0 80

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.
Cancer 1976 Apr
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases. 0 19

A highly sensitive technique for isoferritin detection using 125I-labeled monospecific anti-human liver ferritin antibody for the identification of isoferritins after the analysis of small quantities of ferritin by isoelectric focusing in polyacryl-amide gels was applied to the study of renal, pancreatic, and colonic carcinomas. In all tumors studied, the isoferritin composition differed from that of the corresponding normal tissue; major isoferritins with pl more basic than those of the normal tissues were consistently detected. Composition of purified ferritin from metastases closely resembled the isoferritin composition of the primary tumors. Examination of the serum isoferritin profiles of four patients with cancers did not reveal the presence of any tumor-specific changes in isoferritins. It is suggested that the abnormality in tissue ferritins in the three human cancers studied is the synthesis of major isoferritins in the more basic range, rather than the appearance of tumor-specific isoferritins in the more acidic range.
Cancer Res 1976 Dec
PMID:Isoferritin composition of tissues and serum in human cancers. 1 86

The profiles of 4 acute-phase reactant proteins (APRPs) (haptoglobin (HPT), alpha1 antitrypsin (AAT), alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and prealbumin (PALB)) have been studied during the evolution of bowel cancer. Serial measurements of these APRPs can add to the information obtained from measurements of the level of CEA and hepatic enzymes during the monitoring of postoperative patients. There is considerable stability in the profile in a given individual in health, Rises of AAT and AGP are associated with metastases. High levels of HPT may suggest involvement of the bowel wall by recurrent cancer. PALB levels tend to reflect the nutritional status. A discriminant function based on the log CEA, AAT and AGP preoperative blood levels can considerably improve on the predictive value attained using CEA levels alone.
Br J Cancer 1977 Feb
PMID:Acute-phase reactant protein profiles: an aid to monitoring large bowel cancer by CEA and serum enzymes. 1 5

Lymphangiography was performed on 23 patients with malignancy in non-descended testicles, 14 of whom had seminomatous and 9 non-seminomatous tumors. Lymph node metastases were shown by lymphangiography in 8 patients: 3 in lumbar nodes, 1 in iliac nodes alone and 4 in lumbar and iliac lymph nodes. Microscopic metastases were shown in lumbar nodes at retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 2 patients when the lymphangiograms were negative. Iliac lymph node metastases are rare in testicular tumors but may be seen in tumors of non-descended testicles, alone or in combination with lumbar metastatic disease. This information is extremely important for the radiologist as well as the clinician in the management of patients.
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PMID:Lymphangiography in patients with malignancy in a non-descended testicle. 2 11

A preliminary report on a histologic malignancy grading of vulvar carcinoma is presented. A retrospective histologic study of 40 vulvar carcinoma cases stage I and II (TNM-system) with a minimum five-year follow-up was carried out and correlated to the course of the disease. Morphologic criteria characterizing the tumor cell population, as well as the tumor-host relationship, were examined and scored. The scores obtained could be divided into three groups that correlated well with the clinical outcome. The low-score group had no metastases or recurrence, whereas 82% of the high-score group had both metastases and fatalities. Depth of invasion was found to have a strong correlation to clinical outcome. A more accurate morphologic malignancy grading of such carcinomas could lead to a more individual and often less radical treatment plan.
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PMID:Histologic malignancy grading in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 3 84

A study of the value of serum enzymes in 184 patients with colorectal cancer has been performed. The enzymes studied were gamma glutamyltransferase (gammaGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT), glutathione reductase (GR), alanine and aspartate transaminases. In patients without liver metastases, elevated enzyme levels were found in 11-55% preoperatively. 5'-NT showed the least number of elevated activities, while gammaGT activities were increased in 29% and LDH in 55%. The percentage of elevated enzyme levels rose significantly in the early postoperative period. Patients with liver metastases showed increased enzyme activities in 40-60% preoperatively: gammaGT was the most sensitive indicator. Increased enzyme activity was related to the degree of liver involvement with secondary tumor. With extensive liver metastases, gammaGT levels were increased in 82%. It is concluded that serum enzymes are of limited value in the preoperative detection of liver metastases, and particularly when tumor involvement of the liver is small.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Serum enzymes in colorectal cancer. 3 19

The levels of PHI are evaluated in 94 patients, who are classified by histological, scintigraphycal, radiological, biochemical and clinical test in: 16 patients, who suffer from some premalignant lesions of breast and uterus, 15 patients, who suffer from cancer of breast without metastases, 20 patients who suffer from cancer of breast with metastases, 18 patients who suffer from with cancer of uterus without metastases, 25 patients who suffer from cancer of uterus with metastases. The PHI activity is also evaluated in relation to the activity of other enzymes (LDH, AIP, G-GT). It has been revealed that: a) the PHI activity keeps within limits of normal value in patients who suffer from some pre-malignant lesions; b) all the patients suffer from cancer of breast without metastases show normal levels of PHI; c) in the patients with cancer of breast with metastases: 5 patients show normal levels of PHI, 5 patients show levels of PHI within limits, certainly 10 patients show pathological levels; d) in patients with cancer of uterus without metastases the value of enzymes results pathological in 6 patients, 6 patients show levels of PHI within limits that are above average and 6 patients show normal levels of PHI; e) the value of PHI always results high in patients with cancer of uterus with metastases.
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PMID:[The determination of phosphohexose isomerase in patients with cancer of breast and uterus. A comparison with other tests (author's transl)]. 3 46

Twenty-seven small cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and giant cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD cell tumors including small cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin.
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PMID:The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature. 3 40


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