Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro was subnormal in forty of fifty-one patients with breast cancer. After apparently successful surgery, lymphocyte response improved significantly in most of those in whom it had been previously impaired. It remained markedly subnormal in only five patients, two of whome subsequently died of metastases. This finding indicates that depressed cell mediated immunity in patients with breast cancer is the result of the malignant disease. Failure of the PHA response to revert to normal postoperatively may indicate a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Lymphocyte transformation in patients with breast cancer and the effect of surgery. 48 Jun 75

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of plasma spermine concentrations. The sensitivity of the method is 1 pmol spermine/100 microliters plasma and the crossreactivity was 12% with spermidine and 0.18% with putrescine. Plasma spermine levels of patients with benign and malignant tumours of the prostate or breast were measured using this technique. Concentrations were only occasionally elevated in patients with prostatic tumours compared to normal individuals and there was no difference between those men with benign (mean concn. 0.21 +/- 0.14 nmol/ml plasma) or malignant (mean concn. 0.21 +/- 0.11 nmol/ml plasma) tumours. Only 17% of the patients with breast carcinoma had elevated levels of spermine, although there was a significant difference in the concentrations of the breast cancer group of patients compared to normals. No correlation was found between elevated plasma spermine concentrations and tumour grade or presence or spread of metastases in those patients.
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PMID:Plasma spermine concentrations of patients with benign and malignant tumours of the breast or prostate. 48 78

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the UV profiles of serum samples taken postoperatively from 22 patients with histologically documented breast cancer, 8 patients with benign breast fibrocystic changes and 10 normal subjects. The analyses were performed on coded serum samples and after they were completed, the code was broken and the results correlated with the clinical data. Only one ml of serum was required for the HPLC analysis and identification. Detection limits for the nucleosides and bases were in the 10--20 pmol range and the injection volume of the deproteinated serum was 75 mul. The UV profiles of the normal subjects were very reproducible and similar to those of the patients with benign fibrocystic changes. The profiles of some of the cancer patients were distinctly different from the two other groups, 1-methylinosine and N2-methylguanosine, which were not detected in sera from normal subjects and patients with benign fibrocystic changes, were found in 45.5% and 22.7% of the cancer patients, respectively. Patients with the metastatic disease also showed elevated levels of guanosine and uridine. Only one false positive was found in the normal population. At present, it is not clear whether this indicates a subclinical manifestation of the disease and it must await further follow-up.
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PMID:High performance liquid chromatographic determination of serum UV profiles of normal subjects and patients with breast cancer and benign fibrocystic changes. 48 2

A retrospective study of 1,178 females suffering from cancer of the breast and treated by radical mastectomy is presented. All operations were performed by essentially one group of four senior surgeons, each either trained or connected with Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital in New York and spent practically all of his professional career in the treatment of cancer. The same techniques of surgery were practiced. The same principles of the overall treatment were utilized; namely, if there were no metastases to lymph nodes detected on histologic studies, no radiation therapy was given. If metastases were present in the axillary lymph nodes, each of the patients received postoperative radiation therapy. None received either chemotherapy nor immunotherapy, as primary treatment. The study includes all patients treated between 1930 and 1965 and complete follow-up data were obtained in 94.6% of all patients. Five hundred and ninety-six patients were classified histologically as Stage I (50.6%), 291 as Stage II (24.7%), 74 as Stage III (6.3%), and 217 patients (18.4%) were undetermined. The total number of patients who developed a second primary cancer in the remaining breast was 91 (7.7%), and only 51 patients (4.3%) developed local recurrences in the chest wall or axilla. The mean age of the patients was 51.9 years. The absolute 5-year survival of all patients was 64% and the 10-year survival equaled 54.6%. The 9.4% mortality between the 5- and 10-year survival emphasizes that the 10-year survival figures are a more accurate index of survival. The larger the tumor, usually the poorer the prognosis, except where the tumor was 8 cm or larger where the prognosis was rather good. This indicates some biologic resistance to the tumor, making patients with large tumors candidates for "curative" radical mastectomy. The delay in seeking treatment had minimal effect on the overall survival. Staging had a significant effect and the 5-year survival for the Stage I group was 81.7% which declined to 60.3% at the 10-year period. In the Stage II group, these values were less and averaged 63.7% 5-year survival and 47.2% 10-year survival. The 74 patients wiival at the 10-year period. It is concluded that radical mastectomy plays an important role in curing a significant number of patients with breast cancer. Whether it should be abandoned for more conservative surgery is a matter which further studies will indicate. This study presents a baseline investigation, under a more-or-less standard clinical situation for evaluating the accomplishments of the radical mastectomy.
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PMID:Results of treating 1,178 patients with breast cancer by radical mastectomy and postoperative irradiation where metastases to axillary lymph nodes occurred. 49 82

In 50 cases of histologically identified metastases of the central nervous system it was found that in cases of breast cancer and malignant melanomas the diagnosis of the primary tumor is the key to the diagnosis of the metastasis; bronchial carcinomas are usually found upon diagnosis of cerebral metastases; angiography, color scintigraphy and the computer tomography have a false negative rate of 10--15%, in cerebrospinal fluid protein levels are often increased (64%), and tumor cells are found in 18%.
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PMID:[An evaluation of methods of diagnosing central nervous system metastases (author's transl)]. 49 64

In an attempt to evaluate the utility of bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis and follow-up of skeletal metastases, radioisotopic scan (total body) by 99mTc has been performed on 100 patients suffering from breast cancer in various stages. The radiographic control followed the scan on the basis of clinical or scintigraphic suspicion of bone lesions. Twenty-one patients showed metastases by scan, and in all but 2 the radiography was concordantly positive; in 22 subjects scintigraphy and radiology demonstrated non-malignant lesions. Both scan and radiology were used to explore 169 metastatic localizations, with concordant results in 45% of the sites; however, 7% of the sites with discordant results became positive for metastasis by radiology some months after the scan positivity. The false-negative results were more frequent in the radiographic study (27%) than with the scintigraphic scan (21%). The latter technique was unable to detect osteoblastic lesions in particular. The scintigraphic test also gave reliable results in the follow-up procedure, frequently anticipating the radiological modifications of metastatic lesions. In conclusion, bone scan often appears to be more accurate and preocious than the roentgengraphic test in the detection and the follow-up of skeletal metastatic lesions; it suggests the utility of the bone scan as a preliminary test, which allows a more rational use of the radiology.
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PMID:Evaluation of the scintigraphic technique for detecting bone metastases in 100 breast cancer patients. 49

Bone marrow biopsies were taken from the posterior iliac crest in 532 women with unilateral breast cancer. Metastatic tumors were found in 10% of the biopsies. In a group with negative radiological examinations of the skeleton, the incidence of positive bone marrow biopsies was 1.6%. In a group with radiologically detectable metastases in the skeleton 28% of the biopsies were positive. In the latter group 43 out of 45 individuals with positive biopsies had negative x-rays of the pelvis. Histopathologically, 19% of the metastatic tumors were osteolytic, 65% were osteoblastic and 16% did not influence the bone structure. The fibrous reaction in and around the bone marrow tumors was similar to that found in the primary tumor. In 74% the morphological pattern was consistent throughout the biopsy, whereas in 26% the morphology was different in different parts of the biopsy. No specific histopathology was observed in the individuals with negative radiological examinations of the skeleton. Bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac crest does not seem to be helpful as a routine method in the initial staging of mammary carcinoma but may contribute to establish the degree of tumor spread in individuals with positive or suspicious x-ray of the skeleton.
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PMID:Incidence and histopathology of metastases of mammary carcinoma in biopsies from the posterior iliac crest. 49 49

Breast cancer accounts for about 5-8% of cancer in India. It is second to cancer of the cervix in order of frequency. Parsee women have a higher incidence of breast cancer than Hindu women. The unmarried, lately married, and nullipara women are at higher risk than early married and multiparous women. Sometimes cancer affects women of the same family. Women with family histories of cancer should not use estrogen. 50-70% of all breast cancers, when detected, are in their later stages when the chances of a cure are practically nonexistent. 20% of breast cancer patients may live up to 5 years with the disease without receiving treatment. Following radical treatment of curable cases, metastases can remain dormant for many years, up to 18-20, before it develops. Management of breast cancer is biologically, immunologically, and histologically heterogeneous in character and requires multidisciplinary treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, hormone, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. About 20-40% of late stage cases respond to hormones. Metastatic bone pain is alleviated by local radiotherapy. The management of breast cancer is a controversial topic including such questions as the value of postoperative radiotherapy following radical mastectomy; prophylactic versus therapeutic oopherectomy, and the place of adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:Problems and prospects of cancer of the breast in India. 50 Nov 20

Thirty-nine women admitted to the Main Medical Center for biopsy of a lump in the breast has been followed sequentially for six months to determine whether a diagnostic profile of plasma protein changes occurs in early breast cancer, compared to non malignant breast disease, and whether plasma protein changes in breast cancer patients could be correlated with the spread of the tumor. Eighteen women had early operable breast cancer and twenty-one had benign breast disease. Each patient had 10 serum proteins measured preoperatively and post-operatively at three and six months. The patients with breast cancer had significantly higher levels of beta 2 glycoprotein preoperatively and ceruloplasmin at six months postoperatively than those with benign breast disease. There were a number of significant correlations between serum protein levels and the progression of breast cancer as measured by the clinical score. There were significant correlation with ceruloplasmin properatively and at three months postoperatively. Prealbumin and hemopexin showed correlations preoperatively: alpha 1 antitrypsin and beta 2 glycoprotein only correlated at three months postoperatively. Longer follow up will be required to establish the value of serum protein changes which could predict the development of metastases in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Serum proteins in breast cancer. 50 79

Three hundred and fifty-four women with primary operable breast cancer had a bone scan performed within 6 weeks of a simple mastectomy. Eight (2.3 per cent) were positive, but 7 of these patients had radiological evidence of bony metastases. Follow-up bone scans 1 year postoperatively on 278 patients showed only 12 (4.3 per cent) positive, and of these, 9 had other radiological evidence of metastatic disease. At 2 years postoperatively there were 13 (9.2 per cent) positive bone scans amongst 141 patients. Only 2 of these 13 had no other evidence of metastases. Although a bone scan is a useful investigation in patients with bone pain, there is no place for routine bone scanning in either the staging or follow-up of women with operable breast cancer.
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PMID:Bone scanning: its lack of value in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer. 50 54


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