Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pathologic discharge from the nipple may be the only symptom of an early stage of carcinoma. Galactography is then the diagnostic method of choice to locate intraductal, nonpalpable lesions. The technique of galactography, the adequate surgical approach of pathologic galactographs (milk-duct segment resection), and the appropriate histological work-up of the surgical specimen are demonstrated. We report on 1918 galactographies in 1363 women with pathological discharge. In only 427 cases was a milk duct segment resection necessary (31.4%). In 8.5%, we found invasive intraductal cancer and in 2.9% ductal carcinomata in situ. Only 1 patient with breast cancer had axillary metastases. Extensive intraductal solid, papillary or adenomatous proliferations were found in 11.9% of the patients with excision. In 46.7% of the patients, papillomas were excised, a definitive treatment for this process. The supposition for success in the early diagnosis of cancer is close teamwork among the radiology, surgery and pathology services: the diagnostic result depends upon this. We attribute our yield of exact diagnosis to a very sophisticated histological work-up. We believe that this is necessary to avoid diagnostic failures.
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PMID:Early detection of ductal breast cancer: the diagnostic procedure for pathological discharge from the nipple. 22

Some reports on multiple primary brain tumours have been published. When one or more tumours are found in brain scintigraphy they are often supposed to be metastases. Further investigations may thus be given up, especially if the patient has or has had a malignant tumour in some other part of the body. In this report a case is described where the patient began to have cerebral symptoms two years after she had been operated for breast cancer. In the scintigraphy a tumour was found in both brain hemispheres. The tumours were regarded as metastases. But when the patient died in a geriatric hospital it was recognized from the autopsy that one tumour was a meningioma and the other a glioblastoma multiforme.
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PMID:Two different primary tumours of the brain in a patient with breast cancer. 23 47

The presence of micrometastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is the major cause of failure in the treatment of cancer. The mechanisms, biology, and biochemistry of tumor metastases at an experimental level are being effectively studied. Potential control points and therapeutic implications are emerging. These are being employed in the construction of clinical trials involving adjuvant chemotherapy. This is part of combined modality treatment in which the best of treatment design to achieve local control (surgery and/or x-ray) is combined with systemic treatment (chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy) designed to irradicate microscopic metastases. The evolution of such studies in patients with breast cancer and osteogenic sarcoma over the past five years is presented. Disease-free survival has improved as a result of adjuvant chemotherapy for both of these diseases. While a longer follow-up will be required to determine more precisely the impact of multi-disciplinary treatment on these and other diseases, the short-time results are promising.
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PMID:Rationale for combined therapy. 26 6

Nuclear diameters of breast cancer cells obtained by aspiration cytology from 245 patients were measured by ocular micrometry. The nuclei of 50 benign lesions were also measured. Cancers with 80% or more of their nuclei larger than 12 mu were classified as "large nuclear type" (LN). Those with nuclei of 12 mu or less were considered "small nuclear type" (SN). One hundred forty-nine cases of the former and 96 of the latter were evaluated. There was significant overlap in nuclear diameter of benign lesions and SN cancers but minimal overlap between SN and LN cancers. Thirty-eight percent of SN cancers were staged as T1 as compared to only 20% of LN tumors. Survival, free of disease, at five years was 90% for the SN cancers and 58% for the LN cancers (p less than 0.001). Intervals between completion of treatment, appearance of metastases and death were longer for patients with SN cancers. Measurement of nuclear diameters of cells obtained by aspiration cytology may, therefore, be useful in determining the prognosis.
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PMID:The relation of prognosis to the nuclear diameter of breast cancer cells obtained by cytologic aspiration. 28 55

Histological examination of the gingivovestibular lesion in the first case with known kidney cancer, confirmed the metastatic nature of the buccal tumor and its origin. The second case raised the problem of the diagnosis of a labial swelling occurring during widespread metastases from breast cancer. The third case was more complex as the palatine lesion was seen initially, and metastatic seeding extremely rapid. This led to the hypothesis only, that bronchial cancer was the primary lesion.
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PMID:[Buccal metastases from soft-tissue cancers. A report on 3 cases (author's transl)]. 29 Nov 14

The therapeutic results of 5-FU given by oral application (15 mg/kg body weight x 10 days) in 11 patients with hepatic metastases (after colorectal and mammary carcinoma) are reported: objective response in 2 patients and subjective improvement in 4 patients contrasts to 3 patients without response and 2 patients with indefinite response to adjuvant chemotherapy. However, a long lasting complete remission in a female patient with important metastatic hepatic involvement following breast cancer must be emphasized.
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PMID:[Oral 5-fluorouracil therapy in liver metastasis]. 29 22

During the studies of regional lymph nodes originating from 50 patients with breast cancer, there were distinguished four stages in development of immune response. The first, stage of induction of the response concerned patients with non-infiltrating carcinoma. The second stage of the active immune response was observed in 1/3 of the patients with infiltrating cancer without metastases. In these cases, in the pattern of regional lymph nodes predominated medium sized lymphocytes within the thymus-dependent inner cortex, while in outer areas there was an increased number of small active follicles. Within the sinusoidal structures there predominated proliferating prohistiocytes growing in interaction with small lymphocytes. The third stage of immune response was characterized by weak activity and progressive cortical strophy of the lymph nodes and it was observed in 2/3 of the patients with invasive cancer. The fourth stage of immunologic response concerned the patients with minute-metastases within the regional lymph nodes. In these cases one group of the lymph nodes showed unstimulated pattern while the other a highly stimulated pattern with the presence of giant follicles.
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PMID:Stages of the development of immunologic response in regional lymph nodes draining breast cancer. 30 19

Both T and non-T lymphocytes decreased immediately following radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. The relative depletion of non-T lymphocytes, however, was more marked than that of T cells. 3 years later the number and the proportion of non-T lymphocytes was higher than immediately after radiotherapy, while T lymphocytes were still depressed. The proportion of cells with membrane-associated Ig was higher in patients 3 years following radiotherapy than in non-treated patients and healthy controls. There was no difference in the proportion of T and non-T lymphocytes between patients with and without metastases, respectively.
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PMID:Blood lymphocyte subpopulations in breast cancer patients following radiotherapy. 33 65

Forty-three patients with inoperable and/or recurring malignant gliomas and 30 patients with multiple recurring brain metastases were treated with a combination of adriamycine (45 mg/m 2 and 4-dimethyl-epipodophyllotoxin D-thenylidene (VM 26) (60 mg/m 2 for 2 days) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitroso-urea (CCNU) (60 mg/m 2 for 2 days). These cycles of treatment were repeated as soon as the hematologic restoration was complete. The treatment was well-tolerated and the clinical condition of 31 out of 43 glioblastoma patients improved during the 2 months after the beginning of the treatment. Six out of eight patients with breast cancer metastases, one out of 13 with bronchial cancer metastases, and three out of nine with other types of cancer metastases also benefitted from the treatment. Examination of the results reveals the following characteristics: 1. A low degree of efficiency of this combination in the treatment of brain metastases, except for breast cancer metastases. 2. Absence of complete correlation between the clinical results observed and the cinegammagraphic developments 3. Similarity of the results independent of the initial localization 4. Establishment of a 6-month median survival period, with ten patients at present in a state of apparently complete remission, 180-506 days after beginning of the treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of malignant gliomas and brain metastases in adults using a combination of adriamycine, VM 26, and CCNU. Results of a type II trial. 34 Dec 49

A new antiestrogenic steroid, 2alpha, 3alpha-epithio-5alpha-androstand-17beta-yl 1-methoxy-cyclopentyl ether, mepitiostane, given orally 10 mg b.i.d. to 50 patients with advanced breast cancer, produced objective regression of the tumor in 17 cases (34%). Objective regression of the metastases was seen in 20 of the 48 control patients given fluoxymesterone, 10 mg b.i.d. orally (47.7%). These figures do not differ significantly. The study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial employing the protocol of the Cooperative Breast Cancer Group. There was a significantly lower incidence of hepatotoxicity in the patients given mepitiostane.
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PMID:2alpha, 3alpha-epithio-5alpha-androstan-17beta-yl 1-methoxycyclopentyl ether in the treatment of advanced breast cancer: Japanese Cooperative Group of Hormonal Treatment for Breast Cancer. 34 13


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