Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

104 patients with various cancer, excluding malignant lymphoma and leukemia, underwent bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi needle, regular type. In 100 patients an adequate pice of bone marrow was obtained. In 24 patients metastases were detected in the bone marrow. Metastases were found in 10 of 38 (26.3%) patients with breast cancer, in 5 of 17 (29.4%) patients with lung cancer, in 5 of 10 (50%) patients with cancer of the prostate, in 1 patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 with chordoma and in 2 of 14 patients who underwent biopsy in search of unknown cancer. 71% of the patients with positive findings in the bone marrow had clinical signs of bone involvement, 80% had positive X-ray film and 78.9% had positive skeletal isotope survey. Hemogram, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level and sedimentation rate were of no value in predicting whether the marrow was involved or not. No complications were documented following biopsy. The use of the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle for staging and early detection of metastases in a select group cancer patients is suggested.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsy in patients with malignant neoplasms other than lymphomas or leukemia. 11 9

Twenty-four patients with far advanced malignant tumors, resistent to established chemotherapy,, were treated with the combination of MNU and Cyclophosphamide. The drugs were administered in six-day cycles sequentially. MNU in doses of 4 mg/kg body weight and Cyclophosphamide in doses of 8 mg/kg body weight were given. Results of treatment showed response (greater than 50% tumor regression) in 10 (42%) of the 24 treated patients. Seven remissions were complete and three partial. Patients with Hodgkin's disease, malignant melanoma and breast cancer responded to this combination chemotherapy. Objective remissions were obtained also in five of thirteen patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors and in five of nine patients with pulmonary metastases. Nausea and vomiting were the main toxic effects, especially after injections of MNU. Myelosuppression was noted in about 50% of treated patients. Since this combination of cytostatics showed significant antitumor activity, further investigations are necessary on a larger number of patients and in other types of malignant tumors.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) and cyclophosphamide in solid tumors. 14 13

Peritoneoscopy has been recommended by the Combined Breast Clinic at the Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth, since 1975, mainly to confirm or exclude metastatic involvement of the liver. Experience with 27 procedures is reviewed. Peritoneoscopy is shown to be a useful aid in the staging and management of selected cases of breast cancer. Positive findings, confirmed by histological examination, were recorded for 5 patients. Negative findings in 22 patients were equally helpful, and were found to be reliable, in that none of these patients had evidence of liver involvement during the follow-up period, while in 5 patients there was evidence of metastases elsewhere.
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PMID:Peritoneoscopy in the management of breast cancer. 15 89

A retrospective analysis of the survival in 230 patients with breast cancer, stage T1N0M0, subjected to mastectomy is presented. The results of treatment are compared with the survival of 62 patients, in whom economic resections were performed (segmental resection, routine mastectomy). In both groups of patients late results of treatment in stage T1N0M0 practically coincided. It was found that about 20% of nonpulpable axillary lymph nodes proved to be involved in metastases. Due to this, it is recommended to perform economic operations simultaneously with surgical dissection of axillary lymph nodes en bloc with a tumor.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of breast cancer patients (according to material from the Rovno, Novgorod, Zvenigorod, Murmansk and Volynsk oncologic dispensaries]. 16 36

Bilateral breast cancer is examined in the light of the literature data and a personal series. Lobular, asynchronous forms, either in situ or infiltrating, are usually involved. The fact that in situ changes are often found in the second neoplasia, with metastases solely in its tributary lymph nodes, suggests that such carcinoma was already present at the time of the first operation, though not clinically detectable. Since bilateral forms are commonly hormone-dependent, multiple biopsies should be routine on the contralateral breast. Preventive mastectomy associated with ovariectomy shold be performed on the slightest sign of carcinomatous or even precancerous alterations.
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PMID:[Bilateral carcinoma of the breast]. 16 26

Breast cancer screening, performed on asymptomatic women over 35 years of age, has identified 32 breast cancers in 30 of 4,500 women screened. Screening included a physical examination by trained technologists, thermography, and xeromammography. This represents 26 percent of the biopsies performed (116). Results of xerommammography were suspicious in 24 cases (80 percent), and results of physical examination were suspicious in 11 (37 percent). Only six were suspicious by both methods, with one other having changes that were considered benign. Fourteen (44 percent) were microinvasive or noninvasive. Only two (6 percent) had axillary metastases. Breast cancer detected by screening is in its "early" stages and is usually well localized. Operative management, including removal of the entire breast, has a significant potential for cure. Thirty patients with changes considered suspicious have not yet had biopsies. Improved overall survival depends on appropriate management of all patients screened.
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PMID:Implications of suspicious findings in breast cancer screening. 16 37

Tissue samples from 166 primary and 136 metastatic breast cancers were analysed for the presence of estrogen receptors. It was found by measuring the affinity of the cytoplasmic fraction of these samples for 3H-estradiol-17 beta that receptors were present in 72 p. 100 and 54 p. 100 of primary and metastatic cancers respectively. Receptor concentration varied among sample in an apparently continuous distribution from zero to 2,080 femtomoles per mg tissue protein. This suggests that mammary tumors are different from one another more in a quantitative than in a qualitative way. Detectable amounts of receptors were found in samples from mammary dysplasia, fibroadenomas as well as from one papilloma; none was detected in samples from non-tumorous mammary gland, nipple areola or skin. At mastectomy, no correlation was found between presence or absence of receptors in the primary tumors, and presence or absence of metastatic axillary nodes. On the other hand both the primary and its axillary metastases almost always displayed the same characteristic as far as presence or absence of receptors was concerned. Analysis of clinical studies reported seems to indicate that women with advanced breast cancer respond in a fair proportion of cases to various endocrine treatments when tumor tissue biopsies contain estrogen receptors whereas the probability of a response is very low in their absence.
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PMID:[Hormonal receptors of malignant breast tumors]. 17 52

The recent histological classifications of breast malignant epithelial tumours place increased emphasis on several concepts: in situ carcinoma, difference of lobular carcinoma from other forms of breast cancer and histological factors of prognosis. The authors propose to discriminate: non infiltrating duct carcinoma (intraductal carcinoma); lobular carcinoma (in situ and infiltrating); infiltrating duct carcinoma in their usual form (80 p. 100 about of all breast carcinoma); among them, histological types with a less ominous prognosis, although relatively rare, are stressed (infiltrating papillary and comedo-carcinomas, tubular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, cylindroma, certain metaplastic variants, Paget's disease of the nipple); some features in unusual hosts are related. They mention the criteria of the Scarff and Bloom's "grading" and its importance from the point of view of prognosis, mainly for the usual infiltrating forms. Other malignant tumours of the breast (malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes, sarcomas, mammary metastases) are more scarcely seen (I p. 100 of the mammary neoplasms): their classification is succinctly recalled.
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PMID:[Histological classification of malignant breast neoplasms. Recent concepts]. 17 53

Clinical and pathologic staging of breast cancer are discussed. A new pathologic staging system is presented: numerical scores are assigned, in cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of no specific subtype, for tumor size, histologic grade, amount of stromal infilttration, vascular invasion, axillary lymph nodal metastases, and sinus histiocytosis in axillary lymph nodes. Staging by this system correlates well with survival in cases treated by radical mastectomy. The essential features to be studied in pathologic specimens of breast cancer are also indicated.
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PMID:Staging in the therapy of cancer of the breast. 17 78

The inter-relationships of 32 pathologic and 7 clinical parameters encountered in the study of 1000 examples of invasive breast carcinoma have been presented. In some instances the biological significance of these associations is at present unclear. In others it is to be noted that there is no information provided as to the rank of their significance. Nevertheless, the associations that were encountered not only help further characterize the various forms of breast cancer but also provide information regarding the possible biological significance of some of their features. Although it is not our intention to minimize the possible significance of the inter-relationships of pathologic parameters, most emphasis in the summarizing statements which follow has been placed upon those correlations which may relate to prognosis. In this regard reference has been made to short-term treatment failure, vis a vis local recurrence and/or metastases, which may not necessarily accurately reflect patient survival, although generally such a relationship exists. Information in this regard as well as to the rank of the significance of these pathologic features shall be forthcoming when sufficient time has elapsed since the inception of this study to allow for such conclusions, i.e. survival or long-term treatment failure rates. Lastly, it becomes evident that the guidelines followed in the examination of these specimens appear to represent at least the minimum requirements necessary for a meaningful pathologic evaluation of breast carcinoma.
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PMID:The pathology of invasive breast cancer. A syllabus derived from findings of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (protocol no. 4). 17 55


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