Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There seems to be no higher incidence of primary brain tumor in pregnancy. There are no extracranial tumors that are likely to metastasize that are uniquely related to the specific pregnancy. Choriocarcinoma during the index pregnancy is rare. Although pregnancy-related choriocarcinoma has a high propensity for brain metastasis, it is in the postpartum period or later that such tumors and their metastases present. The fetus seems to be spared from any complications resulting from maternal tumor, provided that it is safely delivered. There is a rich literature on the immunology and steroid receptor pharmacology of brain tumor but alterations in immunity or in receptor sites seem to have little impact on the incidence of tumors during pregnancy. There may be modification of the behavior of brain tumors by pregnancy and hence possibly by steroid hormones. The principle governing management of the mother is primarily common sense. As the ability to manage brain tumors in general improves, the necessity of interfering with either the pregnancy or mode of delivery evaporates.
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PMID:Brain tumors in pregnancy. 305 52

For the early diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor, careful and long-term follow-up is important when the primary tumor has already been found. Metastatic brain tumor should be suspected whenever neurological symptoms develop in such a patient. In the cases of lung cancer or lung metastases, CT scan of brain should be taken even if the patients have no neurological symptoms, because lung cancer frequently metastasizes to the brain and other cancers metastasize to the brain via the lung. When the primary sites are unknown, primary brain tumors should be distinguished. Relatively rapid progression of symptoms including mental disturbance, multiple lesions on CT scan, lesions on chest X ray film, careful cerebral angiogram and MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor]. 317 5

We report a case of pure choriocarcinoma of the left testis with multiple pulmonary and cerebellar metastases. A 25-year-old male was referred to our clinic because of painless swelling of the left scrotal content and multiple nodules shown in the chest X-ray. At hospitalization, the examination also revealed cerebellar metastasis. With left high orchiectomy, the lesion was confirmed to be pure choriocarcinoma. In spite of several treatments including surgical removal of metastatic brain tumor and combination chemotherapy, he died on the 79th hospital day. Pure choriocarcinoma of the testis is an uncommon disease. Only 46 cases have been reported in the literature before 1987.
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PMID:[A case of pure choriocarcinoma of the testis with cerebellar metastasis]. 319 12

The appearance of contrast-enhancing computed tomographic (CT) lesions at the site of an irradiated brain tumor often has sinister implications. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who received cranial irradiation as treatment for cerebral metastases from lung cancer. Follow-up radiographic studies revealed complete tumor regression; however, 26 months after treatment, enhanced CT scanning showed a radiodense nodule at the site of one of the previous metastatic deposits. Neuropathological examination of the surgically excised tissue identified benign reactive changes only. The natural history of irradiated brain lesions is discussed.
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PMID:Late appearance of a radiodense lesion at the site of an irradiated metastasis: neuropathological findings. 321 82

8 cases were studied to determine whether immunohistochemical investigation with anti-GFAP could contribute to confirming a primary brain tumor origin for an extracranial metastasis. The materials studied consisted of 3 glioblastomas, 3 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 2 medulloblastomas, along with their extracranial metastases. GFAP could be immunohistochemically demonstrated in all 6 primary glial tumors as well as in the metastases of the 3 astrocytomas and of 2 glioblastomas. The medulloblastomas and their metastases were immunohistochemically GFAP-negative. GFAP is thus a marker for extracranial metastases of astrocytomas and glioblastomas. A negative result however does not exclude the possibility that a metastasis is of glial origin as shown by the GFAP-negative metastasis of the one glioblastoma.
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PMID:[Significance of immunohistochemistry in neuro-oncology. I. Demonstration of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in extracranial metastases from primary brain tumors]. 391 31

High-grade primary and refractory brain tumors and metastases to the brain from other primary sites are associated with a grave prognosis. Treatment, usually palliative, consists of some combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Recently, noninvasive hyperthermia by magnetic-loop induction has been safely used to treat patients with advanced cancer in extracranial sites. Both disease regression and disease stabilization have been observed. This technique was recently applied to brain tumors in an animal model, and its safety was again demonstrated. As a result, a Phase I trial of noninvasive localized hyperthermia in combination with intravenous chemotherapy has been carried out in ten patients whose primary or metastatic brain tumors failed to respond to standard therapy. Ten patients underwent 23 thermochemotherapy sessions using the magnetic-loop induction device. The median, maximum temperature of normal brain after 1 hour of hyperthermia was 41.1 degrees C (range, 38.6 degrees C-43.4 degrees C); the median, maximum temperature of brain tumor was 42.5 degrees C (range, 38.8 degrees C-46.3 degrees C) (P less than 0.01). The temperatures of both the normal brain and brain tumor were obtained during 18 treatments. The tumor temperature was greater than the normal brain temperature in 15 of 18 treatments. In 78% of the treatments, the measured tumor temperature reached at least 42 degrees C, whereas the normal brain reached 42 degrees C in only 13% of the treatments. These data demonstrate the "selective inability" of brain tumor tissue to dissipate heat. Vital signs, intracranial pressure, and neurologic status were monitored throughout the hyperthermia treatments. No mortality or increase in chemotherapeutic toxicity could be attributed to the thermochemotherapy. In addition, there were no local complications or permanent neurologic complications. Two patients with elevated intracranial pressure before therapy had transient neurologic deficits that may have been exacerbated by the hyperthermia. It is concluded that this new, noninvasive modality not only produced effective intracranial tumor heating, but could be performed safely with the proper precautions. Phase II trials are warranted.
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PMID:Phase I trial of thermochemotherapy for brain malignancy. 400 92

This report presents the first patient in Japan with primary malignant melanoma of the ovary. The patient was a 62-year-old woman with the complaint of progressive left hemiparesis due to metastatic brain tumor. She died in the course of two months. At autopsy, there was a large tumor containing brownish fluid at the right ovary. The inner lining of the tumor was covered with a black friable mass with hairs. Histologically, the tumor was composed of polygonal, melanotic or amelanotic cells. Metastases were found in the cerebrum, uterine cervix, etc. In conclusion, the tumor was thought to be malignant melanoma arising in a dermoid cyst. This is an extremely rare condition, reported in only 12 cases throughout the world. The histological findings and histogenesis are presented and discussed.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of primary malignant melanoma of the ovary]. 400 76

A staging system is needed for midline intra-axial (nuclear) tumors so that treatment results can be compared, insights about tumor biology can be obtained, and prognosis can be estimated. The TNM staging classification is of limited value because nuclear tumor margins cannot be defined by an operation, there are no nodes to sample, and the tumors rarely metastasize. Nuclear tumors can be staged best now by computed tomography (CT) and pathology findings. Diagnostic staging by CT scans will demonstrate tumor features that may be of prognostic importance: tumor size, density, volume, enhancement, laterality, and presence of cysts and calcifications. In the current series, prognosis was better for tumors with cysts or calcifications, and for tumors less than 5 cm, but correlated poorly with laterality and site. Biopsy and often partial resection can be performed on nuclear tumors with low risks, but operative staging is not helpful because operations are necessarily limited. Most diencephalic tumors are astrocytomas or mixed gliomas, but approximately 15% are malignant astrocytomas or malignant mixed gliomas that need more intensive therapy, and 5% to 10% are neoplasms such as hamartomas that require no additional therapy. Two individual histopathologic characteristics, high cell density and mitoses, indicate a worse prognosis. Pediatric brain tumor study groups need to accumulate additional radiographic and pathologic information to stage nuclear tumors more accurately.
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PMID:Neurosurgical staging of midline intra-axial (nuclear) tumors. 402 11

Results of surgical treatment in 85 cases with metastatic brain tumors are reviewed. The lung was the most frequent site of primary lesion and the following sites were GI tract and the breast. Adequate treatment consisted of total removal of tumor, irradiation and/or chemotherapy were carried out in 51 cases. The remaining 34 cases had an unsuccessful treatment because of their poor physical condition. Mean survival time after adequate treatment was 8.75 months in the former group and 3.06 months in the latter group. Of 51 patients (86.3%) in the former group, 44 showed improvement of the neurological signs after treatment. In the latter group, only 14 patients (41.2%) revealed neurological improvement. Total removal of tumor was carried out in 55 of 85 cases. The one-month operative mortality for all patients was 19.2%. Postoperative one-year survival rate was 12.5% in 16 cases with multiple metastases and in 36 cases with single metastasis was 25.6%. Follow-up study of 77 cases showed 31.2% of survival rate in 6 months, 18.2% in one-year and 5.2% in two-years. Only four patients survived more than 3 years after treatment. The direct causes of death in cases of total removal were attributed in recurrence of primary lesion or remote metastases to other organs. This study revealed that the prognosis of the patient with metastatic brain tumor was influenced by existence of intracranial hypertension due to brain edema or metastatic tumor itself and metastases to other organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Results of the surgical treatment of metastatic brain tumors]. 405 62

The authors report a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, in which multiple bone metastases developed about 6 years after the first craniotomy. A 32-year-old woman was admitted because of an apathetic state. CT scan and angiography suggested right frontal glioma. On August 15, 1977, a right frontal lobectomy was performed and histological sections showed anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged after chemoradiotherapy. In January, 1982, CT scan suggested recurrence of the right frontal tumor. On February 8, 1982, the second craniotomy was performed and this time, local radiation therapy by the afterloading technique (192Ir seed assembly) was given after the operation. In March, 1983, she began to complain of low back pains and multiple bone metastases were found by bone X-Ps and scintigrams. Biopsy of bone metastases was performed and at the same time, the whole body was surveyed for malignant tumors. But no primary cancer other than the right frontal brain tumor was found. In spite of therapy such as IFN, her condition gradually deteriorated and she died in December, 1983. Histological bone biopsy sections showed anaplastic oligodendroglioma much like the histology of the first operation. As the progress of curative means has increased, so has also the number of long-time survivors of malignant brain tumors. And in proportion to the increase in long-time survivors, cases of extracranial metastases may also increase. The etiology, diagnosis and therapy of extracranial metastases from the literature was also studied.
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PMID:[Diffuse bone marrow metastasis of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma]. 405 67


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