Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty patients with testicular carcinoma, 45 with prostatic neoplasm, 84 with bladder carcinoma, and 13 with benign bladder papilloma were evaluated for skin reactivity to DNCB and other intradermal antigens. Correlation between pathologic staging and skin-test reactivity was sought. Reaction to DNCB among patients with testis tumors was more significantly depressed by chemotherapy than by the extent of retroperitoneal or distant metastatic disease indicating that skin testing as a means of following the course of disease or of predicting survival may be limited by alterations caused by chemotherapy. DNCB reactivity did not correlate with the prognosis for the different stages of disease, but follow-up studies of individual patient survival are needed for substantiation. Depression of DNCB reactivity exists among patients with prostatic carcinoma whether the disease is localized or widely metastatic. Only lengthy follow-up will determine if there is any correlation of reactivity with survival in individual patients. DNCB reactivity among patients with bladder tumors shows progressive reduction with increasing stage disease and lends support to the evidence suggesting immune deficiency in patients with bladder neoplasm.
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PMID:Immune evaluation with skin testing. A study of testicular, prostatic, and bladder neoplasms. 94 11

Bladder tumor has a spectrum of neoplastic activity. Some behave in a benign fashion, and others are highly aggressive and lead rapidly to metastatic disease and death. The processes of metastasis can be described as a sequence of interrelated steps. The processes involve 1) tumor cell adhesion to basement membranes, 2) the degradation of basement membranes, and 3) the migration of tumor cells through the destroyed stroma into blood and lymphatic vessels. Each of these processes involves the expression of molecular factors unique to tumor cells. With better understanding of the molecular basis of these factors, novel prognostic and potential therapeutic agents can be generated and applied to the clinical arena.
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PMID:Biology of metastasis: clinical implications. 146 96

Neoplasms of the canine and feline urinary bladder are diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the veterinary clinician. The diagnosis of a urinary bladder neoplasm is generally delayed because of a lack of overt clinical signs or a partial response to empirical treatment. Surgical resection by partial (segmental) resection is the treatment of choice; however, due to delays in diagnosis, tumor location or extent (stage), this form of treatment may be precluded. More information is needed concerning the efficacy of adjuvant (nonsurgical) treatment modalities. The prognosis of dogs and cats with urinary bladder neoplasms is based on tumor type, location, depth of bladder wall invasion, and presence of regional or distant metastases.
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PMID:Urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog and cat. 252 97

We report a case of bladder tumor with multiple metastases including the brain. Bladder tumor is the most common malignancy in uroepithelial tumor, but brain metastasis from bladder tumor is extremely rare. Since 1970 only 8 cases have been reported in Japan. The literature was reviewed.
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PMID:[A case of bladder tumor with brain metastasis]. 356 88

Medical and surgical pathological records were analyzed for 46 patients with pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Nine patients had metastatic disease at the time of presentation and the remainder had disease limited to the bladder. The 5-year survival figures were 37 per cent for patients with submucosal and/or muscular invasion, and 13 per cent for those with perivesical invasion. No patient with extravesical disease survived 5 years. The best survival figures were encountered in patients who had preoperative radiation therapy followed by total cystectomy and urinary diversion compared to other modalities of treatment. Encouraged by these results we recommend preoperative radiation therapy followed by cystectomy and urinary diversion as the treatment of choice for patients with this uncommon bladder neoplasm.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. 729 16

We report what to our knowledge is the first case in the English-language literature of a primary, pure, undifferentiated large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. To date, only one case of a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was reported, and it was associated with an adenocarcinoma most likely of urachal origin. On the other hand, slightly more than 100 cases of undifferentiated small-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were reported, approximately one-half of which were associated with poorly differentiated transitional-cell carcinoma of the conventional type. The patient in our case was a 73-year-old man with a history of prostatic cancer treated with radiation therapy. He presented with hematuria, leading to the discovery of a solitary tumor on the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder. A diagnosis of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was made, supported by immunohistochemical reactivity for chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin; a variety of other hormonal markers of neuroendocrine tumors were negative. The radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy specimen showed a transmurally invasive tumor, without regional lymph node metastases. The patient died 2 months after surgery, and the autopsy revealed disseminated metastases histologically identical to the urinary bladder neoplasm. Awareness of the occurrence of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder seems to be important because of the possible aggressive outcome associated with this tumor and because of differential diagnostic considerations, which include malignant lymphoma and metastasis from another primary, especially in tumors occurring in a pure form.
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PMID:Primary, pure, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. 979 33

Transitional cell carcinoma is the predominant bladder neoplasm. These tumors are heterogeneous, and the risk of recurrence and progression should guide further management. When this approach is used, patients at lower risk avoid the morbidity and expense of unnecessary interventions and tests, whereas higher-risk patients are treated more aggressively. Cystoscopy and IVP remain the standard initial evaluation for patients suspected of having a bladder neoplasm. Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be administered safely in the office to reduce disease recurrence when appropriate. The advent of lasers has permitted fulgaration of low-grade neoplasms in the office with local anesthesia. Surveillance of patients with superficial disease is still largely dependent on office-based cystoscopy. Tumor markers for the identification of recurrent disease are being investigated and may prove useful to reduce the number of negative cystoscopic evaluations performed for surveillance. Patients postcystectomy are followed up with attention to detection of recurrent disease in remnant urothelium, metastatic disease, and metabolic and nutritional disturbances, which may result from urinary diversion.
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PMID:Office evaluation and management of bladder neoplasms. 1002 69

Primary bladder tumor is a frequent urological malignancy, whereas the incidence of secondary bladder tumor from a distant organ is quite rare. Secondary bladder neoplasms represent no more than 3% of all malignant bladder tumors in surgical specimens, of which distant metastases from stomach account for about 4%. The signs of bladder neoplasm in a patient with malignancy elsewhere should alarm the clinician for a possible metastatic origin. We present a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach, who underwent total gastrectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy, and was diagnosed with metastasis to the urinary bladder 15 months later. We review the epidemiology of secondary adenocarcinoma of the bladder, mechanisms of metastasis, associated common primaries with focus on gastric malignancies, radiological findings, and role of immunohistochemical staining.
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PMID:Secondary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder from a primary gastric cancer. 1953 93

CIS is a flat, high-grade, non-invasive microscopic urothelial carcinoma. It is considered a precursor of invasive bladder cancer. CIS is classified as primary, secondary or concurrent, when occurred as isolated CIS without cuncurrent papillary tumors, or detected during the follow-up of patients with a previous papillary tumor, or finally in the presence of bladder neoplasm. BCG is widely established as the treatment of choice for CIS with a success rate of approximately 70%. BCG reduces the risk of progression of CIS into invasive carcinoma in 30 to 50% of cases. Direct and prolonged contact between the urothelium and BCG is a prerequisite for successful therapy. Discovery of CIS in the prostatic or membranous urethra represents an ominous sign. CIS may be present only in the epithelial lining of the prostatic urethra or in the ducts, or in the worst case it may be found in the prostatic tissue stroma. Urethral involvement by CIS is at high risk of tumor progression and development of metastases due to reduced thickness of lamina propria and absence of muscolaris mucosa. 83 patients, enrolled from 1/1996 to 12/2005 at our urological department with CIS: primary (focal and multifocal) in 25, secondary in 7 and cuncurrent in 51 (associated with T1bG3 cancer in 37 cases), and urethral CIS in 5 and conservatively treated by TUR and intravescical instillations of BCG, 4 developed afterwords only invasive cancer of the urethra in the absence of bladder involvement. In 2 cases cancer arised from the prostatic fossa after TURP, in 1 from membranous urethra and in the last from prostatic ducts. Among the 4 patients, 3 were treated by cystoprostatourethrectomy and Platinum-based chemotherapy, 1 refused surgical treatment. Two patients died for disseminated disease. 1 patient is alive at 60-month's follow-up. In the last patient cancer relapsed at 36-month's follow-up. We conclude that prostatic/urethral involvement during follow-up after successful intravesical treatment with BCG in CIS represents a high risk of developing invasive and incontrolled cancer. A careful watch is recommended in these patients.
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PMID:[Urethral recurrence of invasive carcinoma following BCG treatment for bladder Ca in situ]. 2130 79

Secondary neoplasms of the urinary bladder are uncommon, with metastatic tumors being an even rarer event. The authors studied the clinicopathology of 11 cases of metastatic tumors to bladder, which were collected from their archives between 1995 and 2010. The most common metastases in this series were breast. Some unusual metastases, including several not being previously reported, were also presented, namely, ileal carcinoid tumor, ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor, ovarian squamous carcinoma, pancreatic gastrinoma, and renal collecting duct carcinoma. Vast majority of these patients (10/11, 91%) were female. Ninety percent of the patients presented with hematuria and/or obstructive urinary symptom as well as bladder lesions in the area of trigone, posterior wall, and/or bladder neck. Seven of the 11 patients had a known history of other metastases besides the bladder. Most of the patients (4/7, 57%) died within 1 year after diagnosis of bladder metastasis. Metastasis must be distinguished from a primary bladder neoplasm. Morphology and clinical correlation supplemented with immunohistochemical study is critical for the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Metastatic tumors to the urinary bladder: clinicopathologic study of 11 cases. 2213 29


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