Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare autopsy case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is reported herein. A 61-year-old Japanese woman with a swelling of the left neck underwent surgery and the resulting tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as pure squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. She had had the nodule for 20 years, and it was histologically diagnosed as having been a well-encapsulated, follicular adenoma. Histopathological observation of the resected glands also revealed the coexistence of pure squamous cell carcinoma, which presumably originated from the adenoma. Postoperatively, an esophagotracheal fistula formed due to local invasion of the tumor cells. The patient's state gradually deteriorated and she died of severe bronchopneumonia and renal dysfunction, 4 months after the operation. Autopsy revealed no distant metastases, but severe septicemia caused by bacterial infection affecting the systemic organs was found, which presumably resulted in multiple organ failure.
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PMID:Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland--report of an autopsy case and review of the literature. 317 90

In bacterial infection of the spine the intervertebral disc and its adjoining vertebral bodies are usually involved in continuity with narrowing of the disc and indistinct irregular vertebral end plates. We report a case in which the MR imaging examination demonstrated intact vertebral end plates, although the adjacent vertebral bodies and disc were involved with anaerobic streptococcus infection extensive enough to cause paravertebral inflammatory masses. Thus, intact vertebral end plates do not exclude vertebral osteomyelitis in favor of metastatic disease on MR imaging studies.
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PMID:Spinal osteomyelitis: unusual findings on magnetic resonance imaging. 320 34

Patients with malignant disease may be predisposed to bacterial infections because of neoplastic disruption of normal tissue barriers, exogenous immunosuppressive therapy (drugs with or without radiation), and intrinsic host immune deficits secondary to these diseases. Diminished polymorphonuclear leukocyte numbers or function and impaired humoral immunity are highly correlated with the development of serious bacterial infections. The usual signs and symptoms of infection may be absent or altered in a compromised host. Therapy must be instituted promptly upon clinical suspicion of bacterial infection, and empirical choices should usually include combinations that are synergistic for likely pathogens based on knowledge of the local predominant flora and susceptibility data. Synergism has most often been demonstrated in combinations that utilize a beta-lactam (semisynthetic penicillin or cephalosporin) and an aminoglycoside. Triple drug therapy has not been shown to be advantageous. Monotherapy with third generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, or ureidopenicillins has not been proven to offer advantages over 2-drug regimens for these patients. Patients with blood deficient in granulocytes (granulocytopenic) who respond to 2-drug therapy but remain deficient in neutrophils (neutropenic) may need continued treatment until the neutropenia subsides. Those who do not respond and remain febrile with an unclear focus of infection may need to be started on antifungal therapy in addition to the antibacterial agent. The use of oral agents for the prophylaxis of neutropenic patients against bacteremia remains controversial. If drugs are used, co-trimoxazole and nystatin suspension may be preferable.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1987
PMID:Antibacterial therapy in patients with malignancies. 354 37

Thirty patients with focal renal masses were evaluated on a .12-Tesla resistive magnetic resonance unit using partial saturation and spin echo pulse sequences. A short repetition time (TR = 143 ms) was employed for partial saturation images and a spin echo was present in each case (TE = 10 ms). Additional pulse sequences through regions of interest were also obtained. Fifteen patients had cystic lesions, nine patients had renal cell carcinoma, two had metastatic lesions, one had an angiomyolipoma, and three had focal bacterial infection. Cystic lesions were well circumscribed and demonstrated a range of signal intensities. Small intra-parenchymal cysts were difficult to identify. Renal cell carcinomas demonstrated areas of increased signal using a partial saturation sequence (TR = 143-415 ms, TE = 10 ms). Magnetic resonance imaging accurately detected perinephric extension and vascular invasion in all patients. Metastatic disease to the kidney was uniformly low in signal, in contrast to primary renal cell carcinoma; an angiomyolipoma demonstrated very high signal intensity. Two masses resulting from acute focal bacterial nephritis were uniformly low in signal. One additional case of a more indolent pyelonephritis demonstrated high signal in regions of replacement lipomatosis and low signal in sites of active infection. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be an accurate way of detecting, identifying, and staging focal renal masses.
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PMID:Focal renal masses: magnetic resonance imaging. 673 18

Lactic acid can be formed as a "blind alley" in the metabolic degradation of glucose, especially under anaerobic conditions. The presence of bacterial infection in a closed body cavity induces elevated levels of lactic acid, as is evident in bacterial and fungal infections inthe meninges, joints, peritoneum, and pleura. Although measurement of lactate levels is not a test without faults, it is still a valuable tool in the early recognition of bacterial infections of various body cavities and can assist in the differentiation between infectious and noninfectious conditions. False-positive readings can be obtained with severe anoxia of the CNS, and with irritation of the peritoneal or pleural cavities due to metastases. False-negative values can be obtained in gonococcal arthritis. Table 1 presents accepted normal values for lactic acid in various body sites and the levels of lactic acid than can signify the presence of infection. Further work is still needed to provide better understanding of the mechanisms that cause changes in concentrations of lactic acid.
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PMID:The importance of lactic acid levels in body fluids in the detection of bacterial infections. 702 48

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in urine and serum from 294 patients with bladder cancer in varying stages have been clinically evaluated. All urine samples were obtained from patients with intact renal function and without bacterial infection in the bladder. The samples were collected before, during, and at follow-up examination after radiotherapy. They were perchloric acid extracted before being assayed in a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. The geometric mean of urine CEA levels for patients with primary tumors of Stage T1 or T2 was significantly lower than that for those with Stage T3 or T4 disease. The urine CEA levels for patients with tumors of various histologic grades did not differ. The urine CEA levels decreased from before to after radiation treatment of the primary tumor. Patients with recurrence within six months after undergoing primary treatment had higher initial mean urine CEA levels than did those without evidence of recurrence. The prognostic information for recurrence was limited to the more advanced tumors. Differences were also found between the means of samples taken before recurrence and after treatment of recurrent tumors; with regression of the tumor, a lower mean urine CEA level was found; with progression, a higher value. Urine CEA levels before any treatment were higher when the patients had a short survival time. Serum CEA levels were not related to stage or grade of the primary bladder tumor but levels were slightly elevated with metastases. The determination of urine CEA levels seems to be useful in the follow-up of patients with bladder carcinoma because when initially high, it adds to the information of the T classification and predicts early recurrence, and the monitoring of individual patients after primary treatment is useful for detecting recurrence.
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PMID:Assessment of serial CEA determinations in urine of patients with bladder carcinoma. 742 83

Most cases of thyroiditis can be treated with antibiotics, antiphlogistics, and corticosteroids. In case of abscess caused by bacterial infection or compression of the trachea surgical therapy is required for drainage and resection. The prognosis for differentiated malignant tumours of the thyroid gland is good even if metastases have occurred. The recommended therapy includes total resection of the thyroid gland and radioiodine therapy to eliminate any remaining thyroid tissue. For anaplastic thyroid carcinomas surgery should be considered because of the extremely poor prognosis for these types of tumours. Resection should be performed to improve the patient's quality of life by avoiding tracheostoma or to ensure normal nutritional uptake. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is known in sporadic and in hereditary forms. Thyroidectomy is the accepted therapy. In 15% of the patients we observed the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasms (MEN), which is a form of thyroid carcinoma complicated by pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas includes examination of the patient, scintigraphy and ultrasonography of the thyroid gland, and cytological examination by aspiration biopsy. Post-operative care includes substitution of thyroid hormones, regular measurement of the thyreoglobulin levels in the blood, and examination for metastases in the lungs, the abdomen, and the bones.
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PMID:[Treatment guidelines for inflammatory and malignant diseases of the thyroid gland]. 801 Oct 19

We report a patient with multiple metastases of Ewing's sarcoma in whom the tumor vanished after a bacterial infection. To the best of our knowledge, no comparable case with Ewing's sarcoma has been reported in the literature. The patient was a 17-year-old male who had an irregular destructive lesion of the left pelvis on radiologic examination. Pathologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed Ewing's sarcoma. After the operation, a roentgenogram showed multiple spinal metastases with paraplegia. Despite initiation of chemotherapy, a subsequent bone scan showed several areas of increased uptake indicating multiple metastatic lesions. A fistula with purulent discharge opened at the operative site. While being treated with antibiotics and fistula irrigation, the fistula narrowed and his high fever subsided. During this period, radiologic examinations indicated that the multiple bone metastases had nearly disappeared. Nine years after the operation, the patient is alive without any evidence of tumor. We postulate that the antitumor activity in this patient resulted from the bacterial infection, and believe that this case supports continued consideration of immunotherapy for cancer.
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PMID:Disappearance of Ewing's sarcoma following bacterial infection: a case report. 913 4

Liver transplantation with a part of the liver from a healthy living donor can be life saving for selected patients with end-stage liver failure. The experiences with the first 3 adult patients in the Netherlands were as follows. The first patient was a 56-year-old man with primary sclerosing cholangitis, who received half of the liver from his 53-year-old sister. Postoperatively, the donor developed a urinary tract infection, which was treated with antibiotics. The recipient developed fever and paralytic ileus 6 days after transplantation. Relaparotomy revealed minimal bile leakage from the cut surface of the liver, which was corrected with a suture. Three years after donation, both donor and recipient were doing well. The second patient was a 63-year-old man with hepatic cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, recurrent bleeding from varices, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The carcinoma was treated percutaneously with radiofrequency ablation. He was given a liver transplant from his 28-year-old son. The donor later developed transient ileus and mild liver function disorders. The recipient developed a bacterial infection of the ascites, which was treated with antibiotics, and later Candida-oesophagitis and a herpes simplex infection, which were also treated successfully. More than 2 years after donation and transplantation, both donor and recipient were in good condition. The third patient was a 42-year-old man with a chronic hepatitis B virus infection and 2 hepatocellular carcinomas. The donor was his 34-year-old sister-in-law. The recipient developed prolonged jaundice due to stenosis at the site of the bile duct anastomosis, for which a stent was placed. He was discharged in good condition but died 11 months later of cerebral metastases. One year after the procedure, the donor was doing well. The Rotterdam liver transplantation programme with living donors demonstrates that excellent results can be accomplished with minimal risk for the donor.
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PMID:[Liver transplantation with a living donor: the first 3 cases in Rotterdam]. 1849 25

Aside from its enzymatic function in the glycolytic pathway, alpha-enolase (ENO1) has been implicated in numerous diseases, including metastatic cancer, autoimmune disorders, ischaemia and bacterial infection. The disease-related roles of ENO1 are mostly attributed to its immunogenic capacity, DNA-binding ability and plasmin(ogen) receptor function, which are significantly affected by its three-dimensional structure and surface properties, rather than its enzymatic activity. Here, the crystal structure of human ENO1 (hENO1) is presented at 2.2 A resolution. Despite its high sequence similarity to other enolases, the hENO1 structure exhibits distinct surface properties, explaining its various activities, including plasmin(ogen) and DNA binding.
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PMID:Structure of human alpha-enolase (hENO1), a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme. 1856 Jan 53


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