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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A glioma cell line, CNS-1, was developed in the inbred Lewis rat to obtain a histocompatible astrocytoma cell line with infiltrative and growth patterns that more closely simulate those observed in human gliomas. Rats were given weekly intravenous injections for a six month period with N-nitroso-N-methylurea to produce neoplasm in the central nervous system. Intracranial tumor was isolated, enzymatically and mechanically digested, and placed into culture. The tumor cell line injected subcutaneously on the flanks of Lewis rats grew extensively in situ as cohesive tumor masses but did not metastasize. Intracranially, CNS-1 demonstrated single cell infiltration of paranchyma and leptomeningeal, perivascular, and periventricular spread with expansion of the tumor within choroid plexus stroma. CNS-1 cells titrated in right frontal brain of Lewis rats at 10(5), 5 x 10(5), 10(5), 5 x 10(4) cells per group had mean survival times ranging from 20.5 to 30.2 days. CNS-1 was immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100 protein, vimentin, neural cell adhesion molecule, retinoic acid receptor alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule, and neuron specific enolase. The CNS-1 cells commonly had one or more trisomies of chromosomes 11, 13 or 18; losses, possibly random, of chromosomes (3, 5, 19, 30, X or Y) were noticed, and a marker chromosome made up of approximately 3 chromosomes was usual. Comparisons of CNS-1 to 9L gliosarcoma tumor were made. The glial CNS-1 tumor model provides an excellent system in which to investigate a variety of immunological therapeutic modalities. It spreads within brain in a less cohesive mass than 9L and is accepted without rejection in non-central nervous system sites by Lewis rats.
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PMID:A rat glioma model, CNS-1, with invasive characteristics similar to those of human gliomas: a comparison to 9L gliosarcoma. 776 95

This case report refers to two patients with the rare entity of an extraneural metastasizing central nervous system tumor. The first patient presented with ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastases 4 years after a diagnostic biopsy and 2 years after removal of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma, respectively. The origin of the metastases was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The second case described was found in a 26-year-old female who had suffered from a spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma in infancy and been treated by surgery and radiotherapy. On postmortem examination, transformation to a primitive neuroectodermal tumor was found. Morphological and immunohistochemical features of the metastases were exactly identical with those of the primary tumors in both cases. The pathomechanisms of metastasizing CNS tumors are discussed with reference to the reasons why such cases are so rarely observed. The incidence of remote metastases and differences depending on tumor type are estimated. No relation to malignancy grade can be detected.
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PMID:[Extraneural metastasis of brain and spinal cord tumors. Report of 2 cases]. 779 75

The need to obtain histological diagnoses of intracranial tuberculomas, before initiating therapy, is not universally accepted, because some clinicians believe that an image-based diagnosis is fairly accurate in patients from endemic regions. To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of computed tomography (CT)-based diagnosis of an intracranial tuberculoma, we prospectively compared the preoperative imaging diagnoses with histological diagnoses in 105 consecutive patients with intracranial masses. CT differential diagnoses (first or second) of tuberculomas were considered in 21 patients. Seven of them were histologically confirmed to have tuberculomas (true-positive results); 14 had other diseases (false-positive results). The 14 false-positive cases included 6 cases of astrocytomas, 5 of metastases, and 3 with miscellaneous diagnoses. All tuberculomas were correctly diagnosed on the CT scans (5 by both surgeons and 2 by one surgeon). During the study period, we encountered 11 patients who were referred by other clinicians with diagnoses of tuberculomas on the basis of their CT scans. We concurred with their CT diagnoses in 5 of them, but only 1 patient had a histologically verified tuberculoma. Astrocytomas (4 patients), metastases (3 patients), and solitary cysticercus granulomas (3 patients) were the causes of misdiagnosis in this group of patients. Although the sensitivity of CT in the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas is 100%, and its specificity is 85.7%, the positive predictive value is only 33% (confidence limits, 24-42%). The negative predictive value is 100%. The low positive predictive value for a diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma on CT alone indicates the need for a confirming histological diagnosis.
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PMID:Predictive value of computed tomography-based diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas. 783 32

A case history of the multifocal brain glioma in 13-year-old girl is reported. Numerous neoplasmatic foci were found using MRI within the vermis and cerebellar hemisphere and, later, also within the brain stem, cervical spinal cord and both brain hemispheres. Bioptical examination of the tumors revealed the structure of anaplastic astrocytoma with oligodendromatous component. The authors suggest that the foci may be considered as multiple metastases from the primary cerebellar astrocytoma and the neoplastic cells might have been transported within CNS through cerebrospinal fluid.
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PMID:Multifocal central nervous system glioma--a case history. 788 38

Ex vivo biopsy samples (n = 42) from human brain tumors and normal brain have been examined by high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Parameters from one-dimensional 1H spectra, two-dimensional COSY spectra, and transverse relaxation time (T2) data were used to classify the tumors according to the histopathological diagnoses. The ratio of the area between 3.4 and 3.1 ppm to that between 1.5 and 1.1 ppm distinguished glioblastomas from astrocytomas and normal brain, and appeared to be indicative of malignant potential. In support of the one-dimensional data, cross-peaks in the COSY spectra of brain specimens classified glioblastomas and metastases into one group and the more benign tumors, meningiomas, astrocytomas, and normal brain into a second group. The transverse relaxation of the resonance at 1.3 ppm was fitted by a model with two T2 values. The longer T2 value could be used to distinguish glioblastomas from normal brain, the latter having a much longer long T2 value. Astrocytomas showed a continuum of T2 values between glioblastomas and normal brain, with the grade of the astrocytoma correlating roughly with the value of the long T2 component.
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PMID:Classification of brain tumors by ex vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy. 789 Oct 93

The pathological findings in a retrospective review of 100 consecutive intracranial stereotactic biopsies are presented. Definite diagnosis could be established in the majority (89) of cases and included 85 neoplasms (69 primary cerebral tumors, 10 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 6 metastases) and 4 non-neoplastic processes. In the remaining 11 samples the findings were non-diagnostic; 2 consisted of normal glial tissue, while the remainder variously showed changes of necrosis, hematoma, histiocytic reaction or astrocytic proliferations of uncertain nature. Verification of the stereotactic diagnosis by examination of lesional tissue obtained at subsequent craniotomy or postmortem was possible in 7 of 10 cases. Two broad categories of diagnostic difficulty were identified in interpreting stereotactic biopsies: (1) accurate tumor typing and grading, and (2) the distinction between reactive and neoplastic astrocytic proliferations. Two essential components in the diagnostic process are: (1) careful correlation with the clinical and radiological findings; and (2) use of intraoperative smear and/or frozen section preparations to confirm specimen adequacy. By adhering to these principles accurate intraoperative diagnosis can usually be established, particularly for high grade astrocytoma, lymphoma and metastasis. Tumor typing is aided by the use of immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural examination and the examination of serial sections is of value in grading.
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PMID:Stereotactic biopsy of 100 intracerebral lesions at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. 789 40

Ligands in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are known to mediate migration of normal as well as tumor cells via adhesion molecules such as the integrin receptor family. We develop a microliter scale (15-20 microliters total volume) monolayer migration assay to investigate the ability of astrocytoma cells to disperse on surfaces coated with purified human ECM protein ligands. In this system the rate of radial migration of the cell population was constant over time. For human astrocytoma cell lines U-251 and SF-767, laminin and collagen type IV supported a migratory phenotype; fibronectin and vitronectin only minimally supported migration. The different ECM proteins also influenced growth rate: cells on laminin and collagen had a protracted lag phase. Furthermore, migrating cells seeded on laminin or collagen showed a lower labeling index than did stationary cells in the central, crowded region on the same substrate. This micro-scale migration assay should enable detailed molecular and biochemical studies of the determinants of migration.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1994 Nov
PMID:The role of extracellular matrix in human astrocytoma migration and proliferation studied in a microliter scale assay. 792 93

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the contribution of thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography (SPET) in the detection and differential diagnosis of brain tumours. In 90 patients 201Tl SPET was performed because of clinical or radiological suspicion of tumoral invasion, completed by technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime and 99mTc-sestamibi SPET in some patients. For all tumours, diagnosis was based on biopsy or autopsy. Other diagnoses were made only after clinical and radiological follow-up for at least 6 months. Histologically tumours consisted of astrocytoma stage I or II (number of patients, n = 6), astrocytoma stage III (n = 8), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 14) and oligodendroglioma (n = 3), brain metastasis (n = 14), lymphoma (n = 3), meningioma (n = 3), pituitary adenoma (n = 2), pineal tumour (n = 1), colloid cyst (n = 1) and craniopharyngioma (n = 1). False-negative studies included pineal tumour (n = 1), colloid cyst (n = 1), craniopharyngioma (n = 1), astrocytomas stage I or II (n = 6) and stage III (n = 3), oligodendroglioma (n = 2) and metastasis in the brain stem (n = 1). Additional metastases approximately < 1.5 cm were not detected in two patients and 201Tl SPET underestimated tumoral extent in one patient suffering from glioblastoma multiforme (n = 1). A false-positive study was obtained in a patient with skull metastasis (n = 1). All 15 patients who were finally shown to suffer from ischaemic infarction had a normal SPET study 9-28 days after the onset of symptomatology. Of five patients with haemorrhagic infarction, studied within 2 weeks, four were false-positive. Of six patients with intracranial haemorrhage, studied 9-39 days later, one showed focal 201Tl accumulation. Two further false-positive studies consisted of angioma and epidural haematoma. Finally, SPET studies were normal in six patients with definite diagnosis of (reactive) gliosis (n = 3), Binswanger's encephalopathy (n = 1), postinfectious encephalopathy (n = 1) and multiple sclerosis (n = 1). In the patient population presented, sensitivity of 201Tl SPET for supratentorial brain tumours was 71.7% and specificity was 80.9%. Clinical information and control SPET studies in combination with early, 30-min and 3- to 4-h delayed imaging may be expected to improve on these figures. On the other hand it seems that, in addition to tumoral histology, the presence of tumours in the fossa posterior and small volumes contribute to the occurrence of false-negative 201Tl SPET studies.
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PMID:Sensitivity and specificity of thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography in the functional detection and differential diagnosis of brain tumours. 795 48

Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas are massive cystic tumors, typically occurring in the cerebral hemispheres of infants. They are remarkable pathologically for a prominent desmoplasia and, in some cases, for a cellular mitotically active component that can be readily interpreted as a malignant neoplasm. Four children less than 1 year of age were diagnosed with desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas in the Pediatric Oncology Group infant brain tumor study (Protocol number 8633). All had been diagnosed by their respective institutions as having malignant tumors, i.e., Grade III astrocytoma, malignant meningioma, leptomeningeal fibrosarcoma, and gliosarcoma. All had increased intracranial pressure, and two had seizures. The tumors were extremely large, with one measuring 12 x 9 x 9 cm. None had evidence of metastatic disease. One patient had a gross total resection, and the other three had debulking procedures. All four children were treated with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cisplatinum, etoposide) for periods ranging from 12 to 24 months. Of those with postoperative measurable disease, one child had a complete response, one a partial response, and one had stable disease at the conclusion of chemotherapy. No child received radiation therapy. All children are alive with progression-free survivals after diagnosis of more than 36, 42, 48, and 60 months, respectively. Although desmoplastic infantile gangliomas are rare, recognition of this tumor type is essential because, despite their massive size and pathologically malignant appearance, they may have a relatively benign clinical course. If total surgical resection can be achieved, further therapy may not be indicated. In those patients in whom residual disease is present, chemotherapy appears to be an effective form of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas: an approach to therapy. 800 54

The clinical features and long-term outcome of seven patients with delayed cerebral radiation necrosis (DCRN) are described. Radiotherapy had been given for pituitary tumour (1), astrocytoma (2), pinealoma (2), craniopharyngioma (1) and parotid carcinoma (1). The mean latency to onset of the first neurological symptoms was 22 months (range 6-40 months), and mean duration of follow-up was 86 months (range 60-126). Three patients died at a mean of 84 months after radiotherapy (range 62-98). A fourth patient probably died from metastatic disease. Three patients remain alive, albeit severely disabled, after 5-10 years. The illness typically ran a stepwise course, with fits and stroke-like episodes occurring against a background of progressive dementia and somnolence. CT and MRI scans showed progressive ventricular dilatation associated with cerebral atrophy and diffuse or focal changes in the white matter. Four patients had had two or more neurosurgical procedures after the radiotherapy. In only one of the seven patients was the diagnosis made at presentation. DCRN produces a distinctive clinical picture, yet remains a poorly recognized complication of cranial irradiation.
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PMID:Delayed cerebral radiation necrosis. 815 88


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