Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three metastatic variants, BL6 (high metastasis), F1 (nonmalignant) and F10 (intermediate malignancy) of the B16 murine melanoma, and a pulmonary metastatic line BL6-ML8 of the BL6 primary tumour have been examined for spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Two human astrocytoma cell lines were also examined. SCE was encountered in 29 and 13% of second division metaphases of BL6 and F10. In contrast, only 3% of second division metaphases of the F1 showed SCE. In BL6-ML8, 40% of the metaphases showed SCE. Approximately 2-4% of the human astrocytoma second division cells showed SCE. The variant lines were karyotypically heterogeneous. The pattern of cell distribution according to chromosome number showed an overall similar profile in the melanoma variants. However, the metastatic BL6-ML lines showed a marked shift to a hypertriploid state. SCEs occurred with higher frequency in this hypertriploid subpopulation of BL6 and F10 cells than in F1. SCE incidence in the hypertriploid subpopulation was twofold higher in the metastatic line than in the primary BL6 line. The number of SCEs per chromosome was twice as high in F10, BL6 and BL6-ML8 as in the F1 cells. This hypertriploid subpopulation showed a marked increase of SCEs on exposure to mitomycin C and ethyl methane sulphonate, indicating their mutability. It is suggested that the parallelism between SCE and metastatic potential may be relevant in the context of the generation of the metastatic phenotype.
Invasion Metastasis 1988
PMID:Spontaneous sister chromatid exchange in metastatic variants of the murine B16 melanoma and human astrocytomas in culture. 313 79

Diphenylhydantoin is a well known anticonvulsant used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. The prophylactic use of diphenylhydantoin has been suggested for certain cerebral metastases, and it is routinely administered to prevent seizures induced by intracranial neoplasms and/or surgery. Patients with malignant gliomas treated with diphenylhydantoin frequently receive radiation therapy. The effects of a clinical concentration of diphenylhydantoin in combination with gamma radiation was investigated using the C6 astrocytoma cell line in both monolayer and three dimensional multicellular spheroid cultures. Diphenylhydantoin at 7.2 X 10(-5) M (20 micrograms/ml) significantly increased the doubling time (23%) of the C6 astrocytoma cells in monolayer, but did not affect their survival as measured by plating efficiency. No changes were seen in spheroid growth or plating efficiency of the cells dissociated from spheroids at this concentration. Diphenylhydantoin at the clinical concentration tested was not associated with an alteration in radiation sensitivity of C6 astrocytoma cells in monolayer or three dimensional multicellular spheroid cultures.
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PMID:The effects of diphenylhydantoin on murine astrocytoma radiosensitivity. 344 Aug 76

In this paper, 374 cases of intracranial tumor were studied retrospectively. The incidence of glioma (45.6%) was the highest, next was meningioma (19%) and pituitary tumor (12.3%). Astrocytoma comprised 73.5% of glioma. 75% of medulloblastoma and 54% of ependymoma occurred under 20 years of age, whereas 71.8% of meningioma, 44% of astrocytoma and 47.4% of metastatic tumor occurred between 21 to 50. The ratio of male and female was 1.69:1 except 0.8:1 of meningioma. 73.8% of all the lesions was located above the tentorium of cerebellum, the rest under it. Ninety one cases were followed. The 5 year survival rate was 25.3% (23/91). According to Kernohan's classification, the authors believe that astrocytoma can be divided into four grades, which is of great use in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. The other gliomas are only divided into benign and malignant. The results of surgery are related to tumor type and differentiation. Pituitary adenoma, meningioma, neurilemmoma and astrocytoma grades I and II have a good result by operation, while medulloblastoma, astrocytoma grades III and IV and metastatic cancer have a higher mortality.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic study of 374 cases of intracranial tumors]. 344 63

Serological and immunopathological analysis of the expression of Lea, Leb, X, and Y blood group antigens on cell lines and tissues was performed using a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies. The distribution of the antigens was determined on 155 malignant tumor cell lines of various types and 10 short term cultures of normal fibroblasts and kidney cells. Among colon cancers, all four blood group antigens were expressed on the majority of cell lines. On lung, breast, bladder, and ovarian cancer cell lines, X and Y antigens were the main specificities found, whereas few of the renal and hematopoietic tumor cell lines demonstrated any of the four blood group antigens. No blood group antigens could be detected on astrocytoma or melanoma cell lines. The expression of the antigens was also analyzed on frozen sections of colon carcinoma and adjacent normal colon tissue from 42 patients using the immunoperoxidase method. Lea and X were detected throughout the normal colon and on most colonic tumors. In poorly differentiated colon cancer and in metastatic cancer, decrease of Lea antigen was observed. Leb and Y expression was observed in only 20-45% of normal tissue samples but in almost all colonic carcinoma tissues. A selected number of tumor and normal specimens from patients whose secretor status was known were examined in more detail. Both the staining of the tissues and the reactivity of blood group glycolipids from the same specimens were determined. These studies confirmed the above findings and demonstrated the unexpected ability of tumors of nonsecretors to express Leb and/or Y antigens. In such individuals, in whom the expression of Leb and Y antigens in normal tissues is absent or minimal, these antigens provide possible targets for immunodiagnosis and therapy.
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PMID:Expression of Lewisa, Lewisb, X, and Y blood group antigens in human colonic tumors and normal tissue and in human tumor-derived cell lines. 351 Jul 28

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polyamine levels were analyzed retrospectively in 21 pediatric patients with different types of intracranial malignant tumors to determine the benefit of following these markers during the clinical management of brain tumors. The tumors included 16 medulloblastomas and 1 each of germinoma, ependymoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, astrocytoma, and malignant teratoma. The clinical course of each patient was followed by neurologic examination, cranial computed tomography, CSF cell count, and cytology after cytocentrifugation. The correlation of CSF putrescine and spermidine levels with the clinical course of the brain tumors was analyzed. The following results were obtained: (1) A significant increase in CSF putrescine levels was observed in children with medulloblastoma when there was recurrent or metastatic disease in the sites close to the CSF pathway compared with the children whose disease status was stable after successful treatment (P less than 0.005). (2) The increase of CSF putrescine levels was the earliest predictor of recurrence or metastasis near the CSF pathway. (3) In tumors other than medulloblastoma, the levels of polyamines were not predictive of disease activity with the possible exception of germinoma. (4) Spermidine levels in the CSF were of limited clinical importance for patients with brain tumors. CSF putrescine levels may be the earliest and most sensitive quantitative marker of the progression of medulloblastoma, and their evaluation should be included in the diagnostic work-up and follow-up examination of children with medulloblastoma.
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PMID:Evaluation of polyamine levels in cerebrospinal fluid of children with brain tumors. 395 78

Presented is an unusual case of astrocytoma with diffuse multiple bony metastases in bone imaging. The classification, spread, and prognosis of astrocytoma are briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Diffuse bone metastases in a case of astrocytoma. 401 83

Extra-cranial skeletal metastases from primary intra-cranial gliomas are very rare. A case is reported of a patient who developed widespread skeletal deposits fifteen months after the excision of a cystic frontal astrocytoma.
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PMID:Bony metastases from malignant intra-cranial astrocytoma. 405 36

Astrocytes in cultures of brain cells from fetal or newborn hamsters undergo neoplastic transformation after infection with simian virus 40 or polyoma virus. Subcutaneous or intracerebral inoculation of the transformed brain cells into newborn or adult hamsters produces progressively enlarging astrocytomas at the sites of injection. Astrocytomas produced by polyomatransformed cell lines are histologically better differentiated, but grow more rapidly and metastasize more frequently, than astrocytomas produced by cell lines transformed by simian virus 40. These observations make available in vitro models of virus-induced oncogenesis in astrocytes and provide simple techniques for obtaining astrocytoma cell lines suitable for screening studies of chemical agents effective against astrocytomas.
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PMID:Neoplastic transformation of hamster astrocytes in vitro by simian virus 40 and polyoma virus. 430 75

The authors describe two rate cases of extraneural metastases of glioblastoma multiforme and of astrocytoma III-IV, but with different distribution routes. In the first case - astrocytoma III-IV - via the lymphatic system, with metastases in the cervical lymph nodes; in the second case-glioblastoma-via the blood system, with metastases in the sternum and vertebrae. Survival times were 18 months in the astrocytoma case (operation plus irradiation), and 6 months in the glioblastoma case (operation, irradiation, and chemotherapy). The discussion deals with the possible paths of the metastases, the connection between metastatic spread and survival time (in the longer surviving patient the metastases were discovered together with the recurrence), and problems in deciding the individual therapy.
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PMID:Malignant gliomas - glioblastoma multiforme and astrocytoma III-IV with extracranial metastases. Report of two cases. 626 5

A case of primary brain tumor composed of two contiguous neoplasms in presented. At operation, a nodular tumor was embedded in the infiltrating tumor within the brain parenchyma. With light and electron microscopy, the nodular tumor was similar to Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma). The infiltrating tumor was malignant astrocytoma. Autopsy revealed, besides the recurrence of malignant astrocytoma in the brain and its subarachnoid dissemination, extracranial metastases to the abdominal cavity, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Recurrent and metastatic tumors were glioblastoma multiforme, which was more malignant than the surgical specimen. The possibility of metastatic Wilms' tumor from the kidney was completely ruled out by extensive autopsy survey. The authors present an extremely rare tumor including detailed observations on the electron microscopic appearance of the tumor; the histogenesis of these tumors is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Contiguous malignant astrocytoma and Wilms'-like tumor in the brain. 628 Aug 43


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