Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1980 and 1985 we treated 21 patients with primary spinal cord tumors. There were two diffuse and ten localized ependymoma, six low grade astrocytoma and three malignant glioma. Surgery consisted of total resection in six patients, subtotal resection in three and biopsy in twelve patients. Radiation doses ranged 45-55 Gy. Median age was 55 years (34-70 years), and median follow-up after therapy was 5 years (1-9 years). For patients with localized ependymoma, overall survival and 5-year recurrence-free survival are 80%. Of two patients with diffuse ependymoma, one is alive with no evidence of disease 6 years after the initial diagnosis, while the other is dead. Overall survival and 5 years recurrence-free survival for patients with low grade astrocytoma are 83% and 67%, respectively. All three patients with malignant glioma died of local recurrence (one had diffuse craniospinal metastases, too) one year after the initial diagnosis. Radiotherapy is therapy of choice after surgery in primary spinal cord tumors in adults, although local recurrences remain the major problem.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy of primary spinal cord tumors in adults]. 146 70

Human neural-crest-derived tumor cell lines, including three neuroblastomas, an astrocytoma, a glioblastoma, a rhabdomyosarcoma and a melanoma were screened for the expression of the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4). The neuroblastomas IMR-32 and SK-N-SH, the astrocytoma 131-INI, the glioblastoma Fogerty and the rhabdomyosarcoma TE-671 expressed alpha 4 beta 1 as determined by cytofluorometry and immunoprecipitation. Another neuroblastoma line, LA-N-1, did not express alpha 4 beta 1. Analysis of immunoprecipitated alpha 4 beta 1 showed that the alpha 4 subunit from the various cell types differed in relative molecular weight (M(r)). The variability in the observed M(r) could be accounted for by differences in the levels of N-linked glycosylation. The observed variability in M(r) did not appear to affect function since intact cells and solubilized alpha 4 beta 1 bound to a synthetic peptide identical in sequence to the CS-1 region of the alternatively spliced IIICS domain of fibronectin, a known alpha 4 beta 1 ligand.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1992 Jul
PMID:Expression and ligand-binding function of the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) on neural-crest-derived tumor cell lines. 153 75

The pattern of tumor recurrence was studied in a series of 68 patients who were treated with interstitial brachytherapy for malignant astrocytoma. Thirty-six patients had newly diagnosed tumors and were treated following surgery and external beam therapy, while 32 were treated for recurrent tumors. Recurrence pattern was determined using computed tomography at the time of clinical deterioration. Thirty-eight percent of tumor recurrence occurred within the original tumor margin and 50% occurred at the original site but extended beyond the initial margin. In all, 88.0% recurred at the initial tumor site, 71.4% being confined to within 2 cm of the pretreatment tumor borders while 6.0% recurred intracranially outside of the initial tumor margin. One patient recurred with spinal metastasis while two patients developed systemic metastases. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Patterns of recurrence of malignant astrocytoma following stereotactic interstitial brachytherapy with iodine-125 implants. 158 53

Brain tumor growth results from the relative proportion of cells contained in three populations: a) cycling/proliferative; b) quiescent (GO)/static, and c) terminally differentiated/dying. The cycling compartment can be detected by the mouse monoclonal Ki-67 antibody, an available, rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific method for immunostaining of proliferative cells. We report the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in 48 brain tumors. Malignant brain tumors have elevated LIs, ranging from 6.0% to 56.9%: anaplastic astrocytoma, 8.0 +/- 7.3; glioblastoma multiforme, 10.1 +/- 4.2; germinoma, 11.7; medulloblastoma, 13.1 +/- 6.6; metastases, 40.3 +/- 13.1. By contrast, slow-growing tumors showed lower values (P less than .001), approaching 1%: acoustic schwannoma, 0.4 +/- 0.6; pituitary adenoma, 1.3 +/- 1.9; meningioma, 1.2 +/- 1.2; low-grade astrocytoma, less than 1; pilocytic astrocytoma, 5.6. Human brain tumors can therefore be ranked according to the percentage of cycling cells with the acoustic schwannoma among the least proliferative and the metastatic carcinoma among the most proliferative. Within a given histotype, the Ki-67 LI may have prognostic and therapeutic implications for the individual patient. Already important for neuro-oncology research, the Ki-67 labeling index should be added to the armamentarium of the clinical neuropathologist to complement the standard histopathologic diagnosis with a cytokinetic analysis of cellular proliferation.
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PMID:The cycling pool of cells within human brain tumors: in situ cytokinetics using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. 164 10

The authors report a case of cerebral metastasis from a spinal cord astrocytoma. The first metastatic tumor was controlled by radiation therapy. A second metastatic brain tumor was detected 2 years later, but attempts to control it through subtotal removal and chemotherapy failed. Metastasis from a spinal cord tumor to the brain is a rare event.
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PMID:Intracranial metastasis of a spinal cord astrocytoma--case report. 169 78

The use of MR imaging to image anisotropically restricted diffusion (ARD) of water in the nervous system is described. The theoretical basis for the use of the pulsed gradient spin echo sequences is outlined, including an estimate of the range of cell dimensions that can be studied with this technique. The importance of restricted diffusion across myelinated white matter fibre tracts is emphasised and the capacity of MR imaging to demonstrate fibre pathways as a function of their direction is illustrated. Technical developments that have been implemented include 256 x 256 spatial resolution, a wider range of diffusion times Td, and an increased range of diffusion sensitivity parameters b. Effects of these are illustrated together with the use of gradient moment nulling methods, oblique sensitisation, and a smaller set of gradient coils that enable shorter values of echo time to be used with the same value of b. The anatomical basis for ARD imaging is analysed, and association, commissural, and projection fibre tracts are demonstrated in different planes. The published literature on variations of the apparent diffusion coefficient from normal is reviewed and examples where diffusion weighted images revealed information that was not necessarily apparent with conventional sequences are illustrated. These include cases of multiple sclerosis, chronic head injury, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, cerebrovascular disease, astrocytoma, and probable metastases to the brain. Imaging of ARD affords a fascinating conjunction between the microscopic movement of water, the properties of myelinated white matter fibres, gross anatomy of the brain, and changes of the diffusion of water in disease.
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PMID:MR imaging of anisotropically restricted diffusion of water in the nervous system: technical, anatomic, and pathologic considerations. 198 75

The spread of primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms beyond the confines of the neuraxis is a relatively uncommon observation. Extraneural metastases involving bone are quite rare, and have been observed almost exclusively in cases of medulloblastoma, high-grade (III-IV) astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. To date there has been only one case reported of bone metastasis from a "well-differentiated" astrocytoma. We now report two cases of astrocytoma in children with diffuse osteoblastic metastases and a fulminant clinical course. These cases demonstrate that due to the potential morphologic heterogeneity of these neoplasms, an initial biopsy diagnosis of low-grade astrocytoma does not always imply a benign clinical course.
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PMID:Osteoblastic metastases from astrocytomas: a report of two cases. 205 77

The authors report on a case of fibrosarcoma of the secondary petrous part of the temporal bone following irradiation, eight years earlier, of a cerebellar astrocytoma. Based on a review of the literature, they recall the characteristic traits of these tumors: development in the field of irradiation, prolonged latency period, exact histology, rarity of cervico-cephalic locations. The treatment usually associates wide surgical exeresis and chemotherapy. The prognosis remains poor due to local recurrences and visceral metastases (20 to 60% at five years).
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PMID:[Radiation-induced sarcoma, apropos of a case with cervical and intrapetrous development]. 221 39

We describe here the chromosomal distribution of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in four human tumor cell lines (two melanomas and two astrocytomas), and have mapped the sister chromatid recombination (SCR) sites. A higher incidence of SCR sites than expected on the basis of chromosome length occurred in chromosomes 2, 4, 5 and 15 in both the RPMI 5966 and MEL57 melanoma cell lines, and in chromosomes 1, 5, 13 and 15 of the IJKt and GUVW astrocytoma cell lines. A majority of the recombination sites occurred close to chromosomal fragile sites. A third of these occurred at the same bands as fragile sites. The recombination sites involved the N-ras and the epidermal growth factor gene in the melanomas. In the astrocytomas, the N-ras, Rb and c-mos genes appeared to be involved in the recombination events. The beta 2-microglobulin gene was involved in both astrocytomas and one melanoma. The erbB2 was involved in SCR only in the RPMI melanoma.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Genetic recombination in human melanoma and astrocytoma cell lines involves oncogenes and growth factor genes. 229 15

During the 30 year period from 1957 to 1986, 42 patients with primary tumors arising from the spinal cord or cauda equina received postoperative irradiation at the University of California, San Francisco. Twenty-one patients had ependymomas: 18 were localized to one site, and 3 diffusely involved the cord. There were 12 patients with low grade astrocytomas and 3 with highly anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. All astrocytomas were localized at presentation. In 6 cases tissue was insufficient to permit a histologic diagnosis. Thirty-nine patients (93%) received total radiation doses ranging between 45.0-54.7 Gy using standard fractionation. The 10-year actuarial disease-specific survival rate for patients with localized ependymoma was 93%; 33% of these tumors recurred locally. The corresponding rate for diffuse ependymomas was 50%; the spinal disease was controlled in all 3 patients, but one developed a cerebral metastasis despite prophylactic cranial irradiation. Low-grade astrocytoma patients had a 10-year actuarial disease-specific survival rate of 91%, with 33% of these tumors recurring locally. No patient with highly anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme survived longer than 8 months; all of these tumors recurred locally, and two of the three also developed diffuse craniospinal axis metastases. Local recurrence for ependymoma was delayed as long as 12 years following treatment, while all but one astrocytoma failure occurred within 3 years of treatment. No significant dose-response relationship with respect to local control was noted for either localized ependymomas or low grade astrocytomas. One patient developed radiation myelitis after receiving 50.4 Gy with standard fractionation. These results indicate that patients who undergo postoperative irradiation for low grade spinal astrocytomas and localized spinal ependymomas achieve excellent survival. However, despite treatment with total radiation doses taken to the practical limit of spinal cord tolerance, local failure remains common.
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PMID:Postoperative radiotherapy of primary spinal cord tumors. 254 94


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