Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinic-epidemiologic and prognostic features of 424 cases of Ewing sarcoma observed at "Rizzoli" Institute between 1972-1990 are reported. The incidence of the tumor was higher in the second decade of life with slight predominance in the male sex. The primary lesion was especially localized in the extremity and the ratio lower/upper extremity was 5/1. We did not find, in contrast with other Authors, differences in height or in incidence of congenital malformations when compared to controls. The pain was the first common symptom at debut (90%) followed by swelling (50%) and fever (40%). Diagnosis was made 5.5 months after the first symptom and the delay was due to wrong diagnosis at debut in 3/4 of the patients. Laboratory tests showed anemia in about half of the patients and increased value of ESR (60%) and LDH (40%). Seventy-one of the patients were metastatic at presentation, none of these patients were still living after three years. At a median follow-up of 9 years 43% of the patients with localized disease, treated with adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy remained continuously disease free, 53% developed metastatic disease and/or local recurrences and 2% had a second malignancy. In 24% of the patients metastases and/or local recurrences appeared three years after the beginning of treatment. Better prognosis was observed in female patients, without fever at diagnosis, with tumor localized at extremities and with normal value of hemoglobin, ERS and LDH. Regarding the type of treatment, better results were obtained by surgery of the primary tumor and by chemotherapy with four drugs (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin dactinomycin) in comparison to radiotherapy of the primary tumor and chemotherapy with three drugs (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin).
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PMID:[Ewing's sarcoma of the bone. Anatomoclinical study of 424 cases]. 140 9

Five horses with squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach are described. The clinical findings included anorexia, weight loss, abdominal distension, abnormal chewing and swallowing behaviour and abdominal masses palpable per rectum in four cases. Haematological studies revealed a normocytic anaemia in three horses, and neutrophilia and hypoalbuminaemia in two. Analysis of peritoneal fluid revealed abnormal effusions in all five horses and neoplastic cells were identified in three of them. The tumours originated in the cardia and metastases were present in all the horses. Three of them had many small nodules covering the entire peritoneum.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of five cases. 141 32

Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract were identified by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 14 patients. Malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer were the most common primary cancers in four, three, and three patients, respectively. Osteogenic sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, Meckel cell carcinoma of the skin, and germ-cell tumor were the primary cancer in the remaining four. The esophagus was involved in three patients, the stomach in 13, duodenum in four, and papilla of Vater in one. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia were the most common presenting features. There was correlation between symptoms and endoscopic findings in all patients. Involvement of gastrointestinal tract at endoscopy was the initial and only evidence of metastases in all patients without evidence of metastases elsewhere, as evidenced by other diagnostic tests in any of these patients. Endoscopic biopsies and/or brush cytology provided histologic diagnosis in all 14 patients. The endoscopic and nonendoscopic literature regarding metastases to the upper gastrointestinal tract is reviewed.
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PMID:Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract: endoscopic experience. 962 52

A 72-year-old-man was admitted to the Charleston Area Medical Center with a one-month history of mild anemia and positive stools for occult blood. A prior UGI series, small bowel series, and barium enema were normal. A colonoscopy revealed 12 sessile, non-pigmented colonic polyps, two of which were removed and sent for histologic examination. The final pathology report revealed malignant melanoma. Physical examination revealed no obvious evidence of skin lesions or melanoma elsewhere. Subsequent staging, which included a chest X-ray, a CT scan of the abdomen and brain, UGI endoscopy, and bone scan revealed a metastatic disease. The colonic lesions regressed in response to combination chemotherapy, and the patient's transfusion requirement decreased. However, the patient died of brain metastases 10 months after the initial diagnosis. This case emphasizes the fact that: 1. Metastatic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract may be the initial manifestation of malignant melanoma and may occur in the absence of a clinically obvious lesion; 2. Colonic metastases may simulate simple polyps endoscopically, particularly if they are non-pigmented; 3. Biopsy and histologic examination of any colonic polyp is essential in patients with a prior history of melanoma; and 4. Regression of gastrointestinal lesions from melanoma and subsequent clinical improvement may occur in response to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Multiple colonic polyps as the initial presentation of malignant melanoma. 152 28

Twenty-five patients (19 premenopausal women, 5 postmenopausal women, and 1 male) with advanced breast cancer were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP) at 3- to 4-week intervals. The median age of patients was 39 years (range 28-60). Twelve patients received treatment as first-line, and 13 as second-line, therapy. Of the 13 (52%) patients who responded, seven (28%) had complete response (CR). The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 6+ months. The response rate was highest for metastases in the pleura (80%), followed by liver (71%) and lymph nodes (62%). The overall response rate (83% versus 23%, p less than 0.01) was higher in previously untreated than in previously treated patients. Complete response rates of 50% and 8% and median DFS of 8.5+ months and 2 months, respectively, were observed in the two groups of patients. Severe anemia occurred more frequently in previously treated patients. The present study suggests a role for cisplatin combination chemotherapy as first-line therapy in the management of advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:A phase II trial of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced breast cancer. 152 38

Twenty-seven metastatic breast adenocarcinoma patients, pretreated with standard hormonotherapy or chemotherapy, received carboplatin 100 mg/m2/day x 3 intravenously (i.v.) plus etoposide 100 mg/m2/d x 3 i.v. repeated at 4-week intervals. There were five partial responses (18.5%), two minor responses, and 12 disease stabilizations. The dominant metastatic disease sites were soft tissue in three partially responding patients and visceral metastases in the two remaining responders. The median duration of response and time to progression were, respectively, 10 and 26 weeks. Major toxicity was myelosuppression with 85% of patients developing leukopenia; 48%, anemia; and 30%, thrombocytopenia. Carboplatin plus etoposide has shown antitumor activity in our group of pretreated patients. Based on the same schedule, a first-line carboplatin plus etoposide Phase II trial has been started.
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PMID:Phase II trial of carboplatin and etoposide activity in pretreated breast cancer patients. 155 6

The combination of cisplatin and cytosine arabinoside has been shown in experimental models to be synergistic. We conducted a pilot study of cytosine arabinoside and cisplatin in unresectable or metastatic cancer of the esophagus in five patients and found significant activity, also on visceral metastasis. Therefore, we decided to examine this combination in the neoadjuvant setting. Since January 1989, eight patients with squamous cell carcinoma esophageal cancer were treated with two cycles of cytosine arabinoside (50 mg/m2) by continuous infusion for 4 days and by cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on the 5th day. Their ages ranged from 54-79 years. One patient had Stage I, three had Stage II, and four had Stage III disease. Responses assessed by endoscopy and computed tomographic (CT) scan prior to surgery were three with partial response, three with minor response, and two with no response. Only six patients were surgically resectable after chemotherapy. Toxicity consisted of grade 3 (one patient) and grade 4 (two patients) neutropenia, grade 3 (three patients) anemia, and grade 3 (two patients) and grade 4 (three patients) thrombocytopenia. All patients had subjective improvement of dysphagia 4 weeks after chemotherapy. Median survival of the whole group was 7.5 months. We concluded that there was no evidence of synergy of these drugs given in this manner in esophageal carcinoma since the response rate was no different from that achieved with cisplatin alone.
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PMID:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside by continuous infusion and cisplatin for resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. 159 82

Given the small number of side effects, GnRH may be a useful and ideal drug for new therapeutic hormonal approaches in many cases of both invasive and noninvasive endometrial cancer. The hypoestrogenic state thus induced as well as a local effect may lead to pronounced regression of the tumor. Any future therapy should, however, always be tailored to meet individual needs. The use of GnRH agonists may be advocated in the following circumstances: 1. In pronounced endometrial hyperplasia and adenomatous hyperplasia (particularly relevant in those cases where hysterectomy is not desirable, e.g., in young patients who have not yet completed their families). 2. In patients with endometrial cancer where surgery is contraindicated or refused. 3. In addition to or as a substitute for radium treatment preoperatively to reduce uterine volume (myomas) to make surgery technically easier; to devitalize the tumor, stop menorrhagia, and improve anemia. 4. In advanced cases as an adjunct to radiotherapy and gestagens. It is possible that this will produce synergistic effects. 5. As adjuvant treatment (replacing gestagens?) in primary stages. 6. In relapses of endometrial cancer, refractory to conventional therapy, and in pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:Treatment of endometrial cancer with GnRH analogs. 161 20

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the urinary bladder was presented. A 59-year-old man visited our hospital with a chief complaint of gross hematuria with clots. Intravenous urography revealed a filling defect on the left side of the bladder. CT scan demonstrated that the tumor invaded the bladder wall deeply. The histology of the biopsy specimens obtained by TUR was suspected to be transitional cell carcinoma. Bleeding from the bladder was so severe that a lot of units of blood transfusion were required in order to compensate for anemia before total cystectomy was performed. The tumor was hemispheric, moderately demarcated, measuring 5.5 cm x 4.0 cm x 5.5 cm, and located at the posterior wall. The histological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma, inflammatory type, with venous invasion of tumor cells. Postoperatively, the patient received 5 courses of combination chemotherapy of adriamycin (100 mg/body, day 1) and dacarbazine (400 mg/body, day 1-5). He is alive with no evidence of local and metastatic disease 24 months after operation, in spite of the poor prognosis predicted from the histological findings. MFH of the urinary bladder is very rare. We also made a brief review of prior reports on this disease.
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PMID:[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the urinary bladder: a case report]. 164 20

Melanoma frequently disseminates to the gastrointestinal tract, being found post-mortem in 60 per cent of patients with disseminated disease, while during life it is diagnosed in only 4 per cent. During the period 1981-87, 835 melanoma patients were referred and 30 developed complaints caused by gastrointestinal metastatic melanoma. Twenty-three patients were treated surgically. The interval between treatment of the primary melanoma and detection of intestinal involvement was a median of 34 months (range 2-87 months). In four patients recurrence in the gut was the first evidence of dissemination. Major complaints were nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, signs of anaemia, and blood in the stools. Complications were bleeding (ten cases), ileus due to intussusception (five cases), bowel perforation (four cases) and cholecystitis (one case). The metastases, mainly localized in the small bowel, were removed by relatively simple procedures. Symptoms were reduced in 19 patients. Two patients died after operation: one from sepsis due to suture leakage, the other from pneumonia and a cerebrovascular accident. Of the remaining patients, 16 survived a median of 7.5 (range 0.7-32.0) months. Five patients are still alive 72, 72, 70, 7 and 2 months after the metastasectomy, three of whom are tumour-free. The actuarial 5-year survival of all patients is 19 per cent. These results support surgical intervention for patients with complaints and/or complications attributable to gastrointestinal metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Surgery for melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract. 168 96


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