Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 38-year-old woman complained of headache, visual impairment, and diabetes insipidus for 18 months prior to rapid onset of Cushing syndrome and amenorrhea. An autopsy disclosed a pituitary carchinoma invading the right cavernous sinus and two liver metastases. The tumor cells were chromophobic and agranular, with scarce polymorphism and rare mitoses. A review of the literature showed that the association of Cushing syndrome to pituitary carcinomas increases in direct proportion to the occurence of metastases. Such association was noted in almost half of the reported cases of pituitary carcinomas with extracranial dissemination.
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PMID:Pituitary carcinoma with liver metastases and Cushing syndrome. Report of a case. 111 93

Primary soft tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneum is a rare disease. A series of 11 evaluable adult patients with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas is reported. These patients were treated with complete surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy (total dose from 50 to 64 Gy) using an 18 MeV linear accelerator. After a median follow-up of 48 months (range, 6-84), 4 patients had a local-regional recurrence, 3 had distant metastases, and 4 died of progressive disease. Four-year estimated disease-free survival was 54.5% and overall survival was 70%. Treatment was well tolerated by most patients: 7 patients experienced moderate gastrointestinal toxicity, mainly nausea and diarrhea, during radiotherapy; 2 cases had weight loss > 15% at the end of the therapy; and chronic ileitis was observed in 2 cases. We conclude that adjuvant radiotherapy seems to reduce the incidence of local-regional recurrences in these patients. No radiation-induced irreversible injury was observed, but one young woman had amenorrhea after radiotherapy. Controlled clinical trials are warranted to define the role and effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas.
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PMID:Surgical and adjuvant radiation therapy of resectable retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas in adults. 129 34

In order to determine whether serum-immunoreactive inhibin could constitute a biochemical marker for the presence and progression of ovarian granulosa cell tumors and their metastases, we measured immunoreactive inhibin concentrations in series of serum samples obtained from 8 patients with granulosa cell tumor. Six series were tested in retrospect. From these, three came from patients who had been treated with an abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In the 2 patients with residual or recurrent disease, inhibin was elevated, 4 and 20 months respectively before clinical manifestations of recurrence became evident; it reflected the effects of secondary therapy. Inhibin remained undetectable in one patient who was free of disease during 11 years of follow-up. Inhibin concentrations were also inappropriately increased in 2 of 3 women with amenorrhea and infertility resulting from small granulosa cell tumors. After removal, inhibin concentrations became normal and fertility resumed. Fertility also returned in the third patient. There was a significant negative correlation between the serum inhibin and FSH concentrations, consistent with autonomous production of inhibin by granulosa cell tumors. It is concluded that granulosa cell tumors have the capacity to produce inhibin. In retrospect, inhibin proved to be a marker for both primary and also recurrent and residual disease.
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PMID:Inhibin as a marker for granulosa cell tumor. 150 91

Superagonistic analogues of Gn-RH given chronically produce a paradoxic inhibition of pituitary gonadotropin secretion and consequently decrease the peripheric hormones estradiol and progesterone to a postmenopausal level. For curative purposes buserelin (SuprefactR, Hoechst) treatment has been performed by the authors in two cases of breast cancer. The patients--one with NED (no evidence of disease) and the other with pulmonary and osseal metastases--in addition to low hormonal levels developed amenorrhoea. A group of climacteric complaints were observed without any toxic side effects, however. The treatment of premenopausal women suffering from breast cancer with chronic administration of Gn-RH analogues may constitute a valuable alternative to surgical oophorectomy.
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PMID:[Therapeutic use of a gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue in breast cancer]. 211 4

Inhibin is a peptide hormone normally produced by ovarian granulosa cells. It reaches a peak of 772 +/- 38 U per liter in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and is undetectable in the serum of menopausal women. To determine whether measurements of serum inhibin levels would provide a biochemical marker of the presence or progression of ovarian granulosa-cell tumors and their metastases, we measured the serum immunoreactive inhibin concentrations in six women with such tumors. Three women had been treated by hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In the two women with residual or recurrent disease, the serum inhibin levels were abnormally elevated 5 and 20 months before the clinical manifestations of recurrence became evident. The maximal concentrations approached 3000 U per liter. The serum inhibin level remained undetectable in one patient who was disease-free for 11 years. Serum inhibin concentrations were also elevated in three women with amenorrhea and infertility that resulted from small granulosa-cell tumors. After the removal of the tumors, the serum inhibin levels in these women became normal, and fertility returned. There was a significant negative correlation between the serum concentrations of inhibin and follicle-stimulating hormone, in a manner consistent with the autonomous production of inhibin by granulosa-cell tumors. We conclude that granulosa-cell tumors produce inhibin. Since serum inhibin levels reflect the size of the tumor, measurements of inhibin can be used as a marker for primary as well as recurrent disease.
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PMID:Inhibin as a marker for granulosa-cell tumors. 277 Aug 12

A prospective randomized trial to assess the impact of adding oophorectomy to adjuvant chemotherapy has been conducted in premenopausal patients with operable breast cancer and with metastases in four or more axillary lymph nodes. Following at least total mastectomy and axillary clearance, 327 evaluable patients were randomized to adjuvant oophorectomy followed by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (C), methotrexate (M), 5-fluorouracil (F), and prednisone (p) or to CMFp alone. At 48 months of median follow-up, no statistically significant differences between regimens in terms of disease-free survival or overall survival were demonstrated, even for patients with steroid hormone receptor-containing tumors. A high incidence of amenorrhea (89%) due to ovarian function suppression was observed for the group receiving CMFp alone. Supplementation of the adjuvant therapy regimen by surgical oophorectomy is rendered superfluous by this effect of cytotoxic treatment. The addition of oophorectomy to combination chemotherapy with CMFp cannot be recommended as adjuvant treatment for high-risk (four or more axillary lymph nodes involved) premenopausal patients with operable breast cancer.
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PMID:Chemotherapy with or without oophorectomy in high-risk premenopausal patients with operable breast cancer. 286 23

The impact of adding "low-dose" continuous prednisone (7.5 mg daily) to an adjuvant cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil chemotherapy regimen was investigated in a randomized trial of 505 pre- and perimenopausal patients with operable breast cancer and one to three axillary lymph node metastases (Ludwig Breast Cancer Study I). As a consequence of lower hematological toxicity a significantly higher dose of cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil could be administered with added prednisone (P less than 0.0001). However, at a median followup of 48 months, no improvement in terms of disease-free survival (P = 0.35) or overall survival (P = 0.73) was observed. Induced amenorrhea was associated with a longer disease-free survival for younger patients, patients who received lower cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil doses and patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumors. It is suggested that the chemotherapy regimen with or without prednisone may also influence tumor growth by suppression of ovarian endocrine function.
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PMID:A randomized trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy with or without prednisone in premenopausal breast cancer patients with metastases in one to three axillary lymph nodes. 286 95

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a rare, slow-growing, malignant tumour which metastasizes frequently to the lungs. Treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is largely ineffective, and most patients die within 4 years of developing metastases. We report an unusual patient who survived 9 years after detection of pulmonary metastases. Initial treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy was ineffective. However, during subsequent treatment with Chinese herbs when she developed galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea (probably due to drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia), her lung metastases regressed, and it is likely that this contributed to her prolonged survival. We hypothesize that alveolar soft-part sarcoma may be a hormone-sensitive tumour, and hormonal manipulation may be an alternative form of treatment which is worth considering.
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PMID:Alveolar soft-part sarcoma: a hormone-sensitive tumour? 320 Jul 82

Prolactin secreting tumors account for ten to twenty percent of all intracranial lesions. The patients harboring these tumors present with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, other ovulatory disorders, infertility, delays in puberty and mixed polyendocrinopathy. These tumors are diagnosed by the measurement of serum prolactin levels, Goldmann-Bowl perimetry, and either computed axial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Protein secreting tumors are usually benign lesions and historically have been treated by partial or total hypophysectomy or radiation therapy. Surgical resection of the lesion often is followed by recurrence and administration of proton beam radiation therapy results in the development of a panhypopituitary state. Growth of pituitary tumors is controlled with the administration of dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine and prospective studies have suggested that these drugs are now the preferred method of treatment for primary lesions and recurrences.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1986
PMID:Diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. 354 32

Eight patients with choriocarcinoma associated with ectopic pregnancy were treated at the John I. Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center of Northwestern University Medical School from 1962 through 1981. This represented 4% of the 197 patients with documented choriocarcinoma or 1.7% of all 459 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease treated with chemotherapy at the center during this 20-year period. The presenting signs and symptoms were similar to those classically outlined for ectopic pregnancies: amenorrhea and abdominal pain (88%), irregular vaginal bleeding (75%), positive pregnancy test (100%), and adnexal mass (50%). Six patients (75%) had metastatic disease and four of these six had one or more high-risk factors. Two patients (25%) died of metastatic disease, both of whom had received chemotherapy elsewhere before referral to the center.
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PMID:Choriocarcinoma associated with ectopic pregnancy. 373 45


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