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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After reviewing collection techniques and the cytology of normal and reactive hepatocytes, a systematic approach to the evaluation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy smears of hepatic mass lesions is presented. One of the main problems facing the cytopathologist is the differentiation of cirrhosis from well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Smears from patients with cirrhosis often contain clusters of bile duct epithelial cells and chronic inflammatory cells, while properly sampled hepatocellular carcinoma smears should contain no bile duct epithelial cells and few inflammatory cells. Key criteria which favor the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma over cirrhosis are: increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, trabecular pattern, and atypical naked hepatocytic nuclei. Key criteria which favor the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma over metastatic disease include polygonal cells with centrally placed nuclei, cells separated by sinusoidal capillaries, and bile. This systematic approach to the evaluation of hepatic fine-needle aspiration biopsies must be used with the realization that other uncommon mass lesions of the liver do exist (focal nodular hyperplasia, adenoma, hepatoblastoma, bile duct carcinoma, vascular tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and lymphomas).
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PMID:An approach to fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of hepatic masses. 206 78

Radiation detectors may allow the intraoperative localization of small cancer deposits following administration of radiolabelled tumour-associated antibodies. This technique was evaluated in 16 patients with colorectal tumours (14 cancers, one adenoma, one lipoma) with the 111In-labelled monoclonal antibody (MAb) ICR2 which recognizes the tumour-associated epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). At operation counting was carried out (3 x 20 s per site) using a hand-held radiation probe over the primary lesions and any palpable lymph nodes in the mesocolon. The tumour to normal colon (T/NC) ratio of counts recorded at operation was more than 1.5:1 in eight of the 14 patients with cancer (mean(s.d.), 1.54(0.41):1) and 0.91:1 and 1.06:1 respectively in the two patients with benign tumours. Node to normal colon ratios were higher in lymph nodes containing metastases. The uptake of radiolabelled antibody (T/NC ratio) was higher in EMA-expressing cancers than in those not expressing the target antigen (mean(s.d.), 2.45(0.65):1 versus 1.40(0.20):1, P = 0.019). An abdominal tumour model was also developed. Radioactively filled containers of 0.5-10 ml representing tumour deposits were suspended in a tank of 111In solution representing the background activity found in normal tissues. The ratio of radioactivity in the 'tumour' to that of background varied from 2:1 to 8:1. The 'tumour' was considered to be detectable if the mean counts recorded over the 'tumour' exceeded the mean of counts recorded over background by three standard deviations. At a ratio of 2:1 only 'tumours' greater than 5 ml could be detected with a sodium iodide probe and those over 10 ml could be detected with a cadmium telluride (CdTe) probe. At a ratio of 8:1, 'tumours' of 0.5 ml could be detected with either probe. At all ratios and counting periods the NaI probe was more sensitive than the CdTe.
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PMID:Intraoperative localization of colorectal cancers using radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. 207 Feb 29

The authors describe a case of an adrenal tumor of unusual dimensions with a benign histological appearance. After a short period diffuse metastases developed. The metastases should the features a poorly differentiated carcinoma. The size of the tumor appears to be a useful element of judgement in differential diagnosis between adenoma and carcinoma of the adrenal glands.
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PMID:[Histological, ultrastructural and clinical study of a malignant adrenal neoplasm producing minor mineralocorticoids]. 216 34

The effects of octreotide in vivo and in vitro on hormone release, in vivo [123I]Tyr3-octreotide scanning, and in vitro [125I]Tyr3-octreotide autoradiography were compared in five patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors. [123I]Tyr3-octreotide scanning localized the primary tumor and/or previously unknown metastases in four of the five patients. The patient with a negative scan had an insulinoma that did not respond to octreotide in vivo. No Tyr3-octreotide-binding sites were subsequently found at autoradiography of the tumor, whereas somatostatin-14 receptors were present at a high density. In parallel, culture studies with the cells prepared from this adenoma showed that insulin release was not affected by octreotide, while both somatostatin-14 and -28 significantly suppressed hormone release. Culture studies of the tumor cells from two gastrinomas showed a dose-dependent inhibition of gastrin release by octreotide. Octreotide exerted direct antiproliferative effects in one of these gastrinomas, which had been shown to be rapidly growing in vivo. Both gastrinomas had specific somatostatin receptors, as measured by in vitro receptor autoradiography. Somatostatin release by the cultured somatostatinoma cells from one of these patients was suppressed by octreotide. In conclusion, 1) the [123I]Tyr3-octreotide scanning procedure is valuable in the localization of primary endocrine pancreatic tumors as well their often clinically not yet recognized metastases; 2) the in vitro detection of somatostatin receptors in those tumors that were also visualized in vivo after injection of [123I] Tyr3-octreotide indicates that the ligand binding to the tumor in vivo indeed represents binding to specific somatostatin receptors; and 3) the parallel between the presence of somatostatin receptors on tumors and in in vivo and in vitro effects of octreotide on hormonal release from these tumors indicate that a positive scan predicts a good suppressive effect of octreotide on hormonal hypersecretion by these tumors.
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PMID:Parallel in vivo and in vitro detection of functional somatostatin receptors in human endocrine pancreatic tumors: consequences with regard to diagnosis, localization, and therapy. 216 29

In a retrospective study the findings of dynamic CT investigations in 185 patients with histologically confirmed hepatic masses were analysed and related to 47 criteria which have been described in the literature. The criteria with the highest value for making a specific diagnosis have been defined for seven different lesions (abscess, adenoma, FNH, haemangioma, adenocarcinoma metastases, metastases from other tumours, HCC). We found agreement with the literature in the following: the target phenomenon for abscesses, central scarring for FNH, spreading enhancement for haemangiomas and irregularity of the liver contour in the absence of subcapsular tumours for HCC. By combining a number of criteria it was possible to suggest the type of lesion retrospectively. The predictive value was found to range from 73% to 100%, a definite diagnosis was possible in only 64%.
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PMID:[A frequency analysis and evaluation of the criteria for dynamic CT and a test of the CT diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the liver]. 217 14

Neoplasms of the bovine gastrointestinal tract are rare, possibly because of the low age of the sample population (slaughtered cattle). Forestomach neoplasia (papilloma/squamous cell carcinoma) has a high incidence in cattle from northern England and Scotland because of the mutagenic effects of bracken fern consumption and its interaction with BPV-4. Lymphosarcoma in the abomasum occurs in 41 per cent of cattle with lymphosarcoma, the most common bovine neoplasm in the United States. Small intestinal adenocarcinoma is associated with the papilloma/squamous cell carcinoma complex in the forestomach in England and Scotland, but occurs sporadically in other geographic locations. These lesions may be amenable to surgery, but death from metastatic disease occurs within 1 year. Neoplasms of the large intestine are rarely reported, but usually are adenocarcinoma. Adenoma and fibroma of the rectum may produce clinical signs of tenesmus and rectal prolapse. In general, neoplasia in cattle carries a poor prognosis because of early metastasis of adenocarcinoma and the high fatality of lymphosarcoma. Forestomach fibroma may be treated surgically with success, and palliative surgery for focal small intestinal tumors may be rewarding in individual cases.
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PMID:Neoplasms of the bovine gastrointestinal tract. 220 May 79

11 hepatocellular tumours associated with the long term use of androgenic steroids were reported. Three of the tumours were seen on the basis of diffuse peliosis hepatis. One of the 11 tumours was benign hepatocellular adenoma. In one case malignant transformation of an adenoma was observed. Nine tumours proved to be highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. Metastases were observed in three cases. Histological and electron microscopical peculiarities of the tumours were the accumulation of glycogen in the cytoplasm of tumour cells, nuclear inclusions, and great number of peculiar formed vessels. The last case is a rarity. One year after the needle biopsy implantation of hepatocellular carcinoma was observed with several tumorous metastases at the site of the previous biopsy. The authors suggest regular hepatic control by ultrasound examinations of patients on sexual steroid hormones.
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PMID:[Liver tumors caused by androgenic steroids]. 223 43

The paper is concerned with the analysis of the results of sonographically guided biopsy of hepatic tumors which had been carried out in 30 outpatients suffering primary cancer of the liver (3 cases), metastases (16), lymphosarcoma (2), cysts (2), adenoma (2), hemangioma (4) and hydatidiform mole (1 patient). The sensitivity of the method in tumor diagnosis was 89%, specificity--80%. Ultrasonographic features of the liver pathologies were studied versus morphologic type. Indications and technical requirements for ambulatory ultrasonographically guided biopsy of the liver are discussed.
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PMID:[Ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of liver tumors]. 223 52

A 75-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma in whom autopsy revealed metastasis to microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid is described. A thyroid tumor specimen from this patient was initially interpreted as representing primary encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid associated with a component of poorly differentiated carcinoma of follicular cell origin. The widespread involvement of the lungs and other sites was also interpreted as metastases from the poorly differentiated carcinoma component within the encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Subsequent meticulous histologic examination revealed that the thyroid tumor was a microfollicular adenoma, and that the component of poorly differentiated carcinoma within it was the same as the lung carcinoma. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed that the poorly differentiated carcinoma cells within the thyroid tumor were stained positively with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and negative for thyroglobulin and calcitonin. The carcinoma cells from the lungs and other sites also showed positive staining for CEA. These findings support the view that the component of poorly differentiated carcinoma was a metastatic lesion from the primary lung carcinoma to the microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid. The present study emphasizes that attention should be directed to thyroid metastasis, even if it is within a thyroid primary neoplasm.
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PMID:Lung carcinoma metastatic to microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid. A case report. 223 14

Gastric stump carcinoma with widely disseminated metastases and solitary coecal adenoma were recorded by postmortem investigation of a man who had died at the age of 69. The gastric carcinoma had spread metastases into the adenoma. This is the fourth case carcase of metastasis to a colonic polyp so far described in the literature.
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PMID:[Metastasis of a stomach carcinoma in a solitary adenomatous cecal polyp]. 235 74


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