Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have assessed colorectal signet-ring cell carcinomas of the linitis plastica variant but not of the exophytic subtype. We retrospectively reviewed 20 cases of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma of the exophytic subtype (greater than 50% signet-ring cells). The patients ranged in age from 14 to 79 years (mean, 51.8 years); 10 were male; 17 were white; and three were black. Ten tumors were colonic (eight, right sided; two, left sided) and 10 were rectal; seven were stage B and 12 were stage C. One patient presented with distant metastases. Eleven of 16 tumors assessed by flow cytometry were diploid. Parenchymal hepatic metastases developed in only two patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 36%, and matched cases did not vary significantly in survival from typical nonmucinous adenocarcinomas. There was a trend toward poorer survival for patients with advanced-stage tumor. Survival was not affected by primary site, ploidy, presence of vascular/lymphatic invasion or residual adenoma, or percentage of extracellular mucin or signet-ring cells. Our cases were somewhat lower stage than literature cases of signet-ring cell carcinoma of the lintis plastica variant.
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PMID:Exophytic signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colorectum. 185 May 87

From 1970 to 1986, 51 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years were operated on for diseases of the thyroid gland, among them 42 with benign diseases (juvenile goiter 21, adenoma 17, Graves' disease 3, Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1) and nine with malignancies (papillary carcinoma 4, follicular carcinoma 3, medullary carcinoma 1, anaplastic carcinoma 1). In benign entities, females were three times as often affected as males, whereas both sexes were equally affected in malignancies. Positive family histories were found in 23.3% of the children with adenomas in 71.4% of the children with juvenile goiters. Subtotal strumectomy was carried out in 30 instances and enucleation in 12. Iodized salt and L-thyroxine were given postoperatively as recurrence prophylaxis. Recurrence was seen in two children (4.8%) who had no recurrence prophylaxis. Symptoms in children with malignancies were palpable cervical lymph nodes and solitary nodes in the thyroid gland. Total thyroidectomy was done in all instances, followed by radio-iodine treatment in eight cases and cobalt 60 irradiation in one case. Two children died, of diffuse metastases and irradiation fibrosis of the lung respectively. The peculiarities of diseases of the thyroid gland in childhood that require surgery are discussed.
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PMID:Surgery for benign and malignant diseases of the thyroid gland in childhood. 190 94

We reviewed the results of fine needle biopsy of the adrenal glands guided by ultrasonography or CT in 56 patients. The final diagnoses, obtained at operation, autopsy or follow-up were: metastasis (n = 22), adenoma (n = 21), adrenal cyst (n = 6), hematoma (n = 3), lymphoma (n = 1), pheochromocytoma (n = 1), lymph node (n = 1), and amyloid mass (n = 1). Sufficient cytologic material was obtained in 96.4% (54/56). The overall accuracy to differentiate benign from malignant disease was 85.7% (48/56), 2 were false-negative, one was false-positive. The biopsy was inconclusive ("possibly malignant") in 3 patients, 2 of whom had an additional cutting needle biopsy yielding a correct positive finding. No complications occurred. We conclude that in disseminated malignant disease with suspected adrenal metastases diagnostic results can be obtained with guided fine needle biopsy. Biopsy in primary adrenal lesions is helpful, especially if the aspirate of the lesion turns out to be composed of something other than adrenal cells.
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PMID:Accuracy of adrenal biopsy guided by ultrasound and CT. 191 Sep 90

The case of hypercalcemia secondary to metastasis to a benign parathyroid adenoma is reported. The patient had documented lung adenocarcinoma with multiple bone metastases and a mass in the lower anterior neck for at least 5 months before hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia resistant to treatment developed. Autopsy revealed widespread metastatic disease including metastatic tumor invading a benign parathyroid adenoma. The analysis of four cases of metastatic cancer spread to a benign parathyroid adenoma reported previously revealed that two of them also had hypercalcemia during a late stage of the disease. There are data that the incidence of metastases to parathyroid gland might be as high as 11.9%, and the incidence of parathyroid adenomas in patients with cancer is significantly higher than in controls. The metastases to benign parathyroid adenomas might be another mechanism of hypercalcemia of malignancy.
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PMID:A case of adenocarcinoma of the lung associated with a neck mass and hypercalcemia. 191 81

This paper discusses the application of CT, MR imaging, and 131I-6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol scintigraphy in establishing the nature of incidentally discovered adrenal masses. It is concluded that CT and MR imaging can permit confident differentiation between nonhyperfunctioning adenomas and metastases in cases of incidentalomas that meet all the criteria of a nonhyperfunctioning adenoma. In cancer patients, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lesions is, in general, essential because a definitive diagnosis of metastatic disease is crucial to disease management. MR imaging and norcholesterol scintigraphy are useful if a relative contraindication for fine-needle biopsy exists or when biopsy results are inconclusive in patients with a presumably benign lesion.
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PMID:Imaging of adrenal metastases. 193 3

The principles of the proposed modified WHO Histological Typing of Salivary Gland Tumours are based on the following: 1) The classification of tumours is oriented to the routine work of the practicing surgical pathologists, those who do not see tumours of the salivary glands very often. The inclusion of rare, but clearly defined tumour entities should be helpful to surgical pathologists consulting with clinical specialists. 2) The different types of carcinomas must be distinguished not only by precise histopathological definitions, but also considering differences in prognosis and treatment. For example, the polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and the epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma are characterized by a relatively good prognosis in contrast to the salivary duct carcinoma. 3) Special points of discussion are: subclassification and grading of carcinomas (e.g. acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma), the classification of basal cell tumours (basal cell adenoma, basal cell carcinoma, solid type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), malignant tumours in pleomorphic adenomas and the differential diagnosis between primary tumours and metastases.
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PMID:WHO International Histological Classification of Tumours. Tentative Histological Classification of Salivary Gland Tumours. 196 54

The biological behavior of pleomorphic adenomas (mixed tumors) of salivary gland origin is complex. Tumors with benign histologic features may exhibit recurrence and locally aggressive behavior especially after incomplete excision. A small percentage of pleomorphic adenomas have obvious malignant components in epithelial or in both epithelial and mesenchymal components and can metastasize. There are also rare case reports which appear to document typical pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland with histologically identical visceral and lymph node metastases. Recently myoepithelial cell proliferation has been identified as a possible predictor of aggressive clinical behavior in otherwise histologically benign pleomorphic adenomas. We report such a parotid gland lesion with local recurrence and retroperitoneal spread. DNA-flow cytometry of cells from the paraffin-embedded primary and metastasis showed similar aneuploid populations. Aneuploidy appeared to reflect the malignant potential of this particular pleomorphic adenoma and suggests that DNA-flow cytometry of salivary gland tumors may yield important prognostic information.
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PMID:Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma with myoepithelial cell predominance. 196 34

The nuclear DNA content of paraffin-embedded parathyroid tumors from 49 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The lesions included 14 primary and 11 locally recurrent or metastatic lesions from 16 carcinoma patients, 28 single adenomas from 28 patients, and 15 hyperplastic glands from five patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. No abnormal DNA stemline was found in any of the hyperplastic glands. One (3.6%) of the adenomas was aneuploid. There was no difference in ploidy patterns between the primary and recurrent lesions of the carcinomas and five (31%) of the carcinomas expressed aneuploidy. Four of the five patients with aneuploid carcinoma had recurrences including pulmonary metastases. One of them died of this disease 12 years after the initial operation, and all except one of the others are hypercalcemic even after removal of the successive recurrent or metastatic tumors. Of the 11 patients with diploid carcinoma, four had either local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis. Two of them are living with normocalcemia 3 and 6 years, respectively, after removal of the recurrent tumors and the others are alive with mild hypercalcemia. The remaining seven patients with diploid carcinoma, however, have no recurrence 2 to 5 years after the initial operation. Thus aneuploid parathyroid carcinomas are likely to show more malignant behavior than those with a diploid DNA pattern. All of the patients with adenoma and hyperplasia have been normocalcemic after a mean follow-up interval of 37 months. This study indicates that flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content is a valuable adjunct to histologic examination in the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma and the prediction of the clinical outcome.
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PMID:Flow cytometric DNA analysis of parathyroid tumors with special reference to its diagnostic and prognostic value in parathyroid carcinoma. 196 27

Eight Sipple's syndrome patients from four families have been reviewed. One family had the largest number of members with pheochromocytoma and/or medullary thyroid carcinoma. A total of 82 cases (47 females and 35 males) collected from the Japanese literature during the period 1960-1989, are also reviewed. The ages ranged from 22 to 73 (median 41) years, 13%, being over the age of 60 years (elderly patients). Pheochromocytoma occurred bilaterally in 72% of cases. With Sipple's syndrome, a relatively high urinary excretion of the epinephrine fraction and a high content of epinephrine in the tumor tissues were thought to be characteristic. Seventy-three patients underwent adrenalectomy with a successful outcome for 62 (85%). There needs to be careful periodic follow-up after unilateral adrenalectomy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) also occurred bilaterally and was multicentric in 66% of cases, and was often found to be metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes at the time of surgery (35%). Parathyroid disease was found in 22% of cases: parathyroid adenoma in nine, hyperplasia in 10. Fourteen patients (17%) died of surgical complications, hypertensive crisis caused by excessive catecholamine release and/or widespread MTC metastases.
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PMID:Analysis of eight Sipple's syndrome patients and review of eighty-two cases from the Japanese literature. 198 Sep 32

Twenty-two of 251 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma suffered from or had a history of hyperthyroidism. They were hyperthyroid with a diffuse goitre (N = 4), a diffuse goitre with a cold nodule (N = 10), a multinodular goitre (N = 6), and an autonomous adenoma (N = 2). Among the 22 patients, more than one fourth had an occult thyroid carcinoma with a diameter of 1 cm or less, those with the papillary tumour types, less frequently had lymph node metastases than the total group of patients with papillary carcinomas (13.3 vs 35.6%). The clinical courses of the 22 patients resembled those of the other thyroid carcinoma patients whose age and initial findings were comparable. In 643 patients who underwent surgery for hyperthyroidism the incidence of thyroid carcinoma was 2.3%. The increase in coincidence of hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma repeatedly reported in recent years is probably ascribable primarily to extensive and improved diagnostics and not to a direct connection between hyperthyroidism and development of thyroid carcinoma. On the other hand, our findings do confirm that, even in the presence of hyperthyroidism, all thyroid nodules require careful diagnostics for exclusion of malignancy.
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PMID:Hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma. 200 74


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