Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two benign hepatic lesions, which were resected because of a diagnosis of malignancy, were reviewed to demonstrate the characteristics of the problem and to consider the best course of management. The preoperative diagnoses included 21 hepatocellular carcinomas, six metastases and five others. As the final diagnosis, hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia were the two major lesions mimicking malignancy, accounting for seven and six patients, respectively. Four of seven hemangiomas were atypical, with a considerable amount of fibrosis. Focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma were misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma among other malignancies. Two instances each of necrotic tissue and hemangioma were diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma. The lesions that were studied had main features, including a diameter of less than 4 centimeters in 23 patients, evident discrepancy among the roentgenologic diagnoses in 25 patients and no rapid increase in size in 28 patients. Four of nine needle biopsies performed gave false-positive results and did not always provide adequate information. It was concluded that 15 of the 32 patients, who satisfied the aforementioned three criteria, could have been observed more carefully. However, in the other 17 patients, surgical intervention was considered justified because of an indication of a higher likelihood of a real malignancy.
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PMID:Benign tumors of the liver resected because of a diagnosis of malignancy. 131 81

The nasopharynx, upper part of the parapharyngeal space, and skull base are relatively inaccessible to the surgeon without major postoperative complications. Operative fields reached by conventional approaches through the palate and maxillary sinus are too limited and narrow to remove extensive tumors. The authors applied a transmandibular transpterygoid approach for the removal of five residual nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) after full doses of irradiation, one pleomorphic adenoma of the nasopharynx, and one large parapharyngeal schwannoma extending into the jugular foramen. This approach offers a wide operative field so that large blood vessels and cranial nerves can be managed easily. All tumors were successfully resected. Two patients with benign neoplasma had uneventful recoveries after treatment. Of five patients with NPC, two are alive with no evidence of disease for 68 months and 50 months, respectively, while two died of metastases to the liver and bones. The other patient is alive with metastases in the lungs. No tumor recurred in the local primary site, however. Since the number of NPC cases is small, the usefulness of surgical removal of the postirradiation residual NPC is not clear. Our experience proved that the transmandibular transpterygoid approach is a practical method in the treatment of neoplastic lesions in the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and skull base.
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PMID:Transmandibular transpterygoid approach to the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and skull base. 131 28

Within a two and half years period, we collected a total of twenty three cases of adrenal tumors diagnosed by MRI. They included: one cystic case, twelve cases (13 lesions) of adenoma, two cases (3 lesions) of hyperplasia, four cases of pheochromocytoma, three cases of metastases, and one case of adenocarcinoma. Except for the case of adrenal cyst which was followed for one and a half years, all the other twenty two cases were proved by operation and pathology. The benign adenoma and hyperplasia were small in size, and had relative isointensities to the liver in the T1WI and the T2WI. On the contrary, the malignant tumors and pheochromocytoma, all had inhomogeneous signal intensities, showed relatively lower in signal intensities in T1WI and higher in T2WI as compared with the liver. In T2WI, the tumor to liver signal intensity ratio of adenoma and hyperplasia were less than 1.80, whereas the malignant tumors and pheochromocytoma were larger than 1.80. In comparing fifteen cases with Gd-DTPA intravenous injection, all of the benign adenoma did not show an increase in signal intensity, but the malignant tumors and pheochromocytoma showed increase in signal intensity. We concluded that we could primarily differentiate the nature of adrenal tumors by their change in signal intensities between T1WI and T2WI, by measuring the tumor to liver signal intensity ratio or by Gd-DTPA IV injection. Today, although adrenal gland MRI examination is more time consuming and expensive, it is more valuable for highly clinically suspected adrenal lesions with equivocal results after CT or sonogram study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[MRI of adrenal tumors]. 131 46

c-erbB-2 protein expression was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen thyroid tissue specimens from 42 patients using a polyclonal sheep antibody. c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was detected in 12 out of 17 papillary carcinomas, while no c-erbB-2 protein immunostaining was seen in cases of follicular adenoma (five cases), follicular carcinoma (five cases) or medullary carcinoma (one case), nor in cases of non-neoplastic tissue, including normal thyroid tissue from tumour-bearing glands. RNA was extracted from 51 thyroid tissue samples from 34 of the above patients, and c-erbB-2 mRNA was analysed by slot-blot hybridisation. c-erbB-2 mRNA was detectable in all samples, but papillary carcinomas and lymph node metastases showed significantly higher levels of c-erbB-2 mRNA compared to non-neoplastic tissue. The present demonstration of positive c-erbB-2 immunostaining in papillary thyroid carcinomas is contradictory to previous findings on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material, and emphasises the importance of tissue quality for c-erbB-2 protein detection.
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PMID:Expression of c-erbB-2 protein in papillary thyroid carcinomas. 135 25

Progressive unilateral sensorineural deafness and tinnitus developed in a 59-year-old woman over a 1-year period. Clinical examination showed a tumor mass which almost completely filled the tympanic cavity, and grew around the auditory ossicular chain. Histological findings revealed the tumor to be a primary carcinoid of the middle ear. Neuro-endocrine differentiation was confirmed immunohistochemically by positivity for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, pancreatic polypeptide and synaptophysin. Using electron microscopy, neuroendocrine granules could be visualized. In addition, both light and electron microscopy revealed that cells had an epithelial differentiation with mucin granules while immunohistochemistry showed a positivity for cytokeratins. The detection of intermediary filaments (immunohistochemically with vimentin and under electron microscopy) was unique to this neoplasm and has to be considered in distinguishing the carcinoid tumor from the papillary adenoma of the middle ear. Tumor prognosis is excellent with radical extirpation from the middle ear. In the case presented, there has been no evidence for either recurrence or metastases 10 months after surgical resection.
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PMID:[Carcinoid of the middle ear: a rare tumor with biphasic differentiation. Case report with special reference to immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy]. 142 31

Adrenal scintigraphy with 131I-6 beta-iodomethylnorcholesterol (NP-59) has been widely used to evaluate adrenal cortical tumors during the past 20 years. Unilateral visualization on the side of an adrenal tumor has been considered diagnostic of a benign adrenocortical adenoma in the patient with Cushing's syndrome. Bilateral nonvisualization of the adrenal glands in the presence of Cushing's syndrome is considered diagnostic of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). ACCs characteristically are unable to incorporate enough NP-59 to be visualized on NP-59 adrenal scintigraphy. Two patients with well-differentiated cortisol-secreting ACCs, in which the primary tumor or subsequent metastases demonstrated intense uptake (visualization) on NP-59 scans are reported here. As a result of these findings on NP-59 adrenal scintigraphy, the lesions were initially misinterpreted to represent benign disease. In each patient the operative approach selected, based on the interpretation of the NP-59 scan, was inappropriate for the management of the respective adrenal neoplasm or its metastasis. A review of the literature reveals 16 other cases of either ACC or their metastases that were visualized with adrenal scintigraphy. Ninety percent of these cases were associated with adrenocortical hormone hypersecretion. It is concluded that in the presence of Cushing's syndrome or another adrenocortical hormone excess state, unilateral visualization of an adrenal tumor on NP-59 scintigraphy cannot be interpreted to represent uniformly benign disease.
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PMID:Adrenal scintigraphy of well-differentiated (functioning) adrenocortical carcinomas: potential surgical pitfalls. 144 Feb 40

The authors report the case of a 75-year-old female patient who presented with a deterioration in her general health and epigastralgia 30 years after mastectomy for cancer. The findings of an exhaustive assessment was normal apart from an inflammatory syndrome with hyperleukocytosis and subcardial ulceration, which gave negative endoscopic biopsies. The patient underwent surgery and the total gastrectomy ablation demonstrated that this was a metastasis of a mammary adenoma. Follow-up for two years did not reveal any recurrence. The mean time to the development of gastric metastases of breast cancers is 2 to 4 years. Life expectancy appears to be greater the longer this latency time. The usual blood-borne spread explains why endoscopic biopsies may be falsely reassuring, since the first layers to be affected are the serous and submucosal layers. Localized forms may simulate ulcers; nodular forms are more appropriate for curative surgery than the more common infiltrating forms (which resemble linitis). These infiltrating forms are often combined with peritoneal damage and/or extradigestive metastases.
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PMID:[Gastric metastasis of breast cancer occurring after a cancer-free interval of 30 years]. 144 82

Incidence of neoplastic lesions in untreated Sprague-Dawley rats (1340 males and 1329 females) used as controls in 17 carcinogenicity studies are tabulated and evaluated. In male rats, the most common neoplasms were benign pheochromocytomas and keratoacanthomas (4.0% in each case) followed by pancreatic islet cell adenomas (3.7%), thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (3.6%), fibromas and squamous cell papillomas of the skin and hepatocellular adenomas (2.0% in each), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.9%), histiocytic sarcomas (1.4%), and adrenal cortical adenomas (1.2%). In female rats, the most common neoplasms were of mammary gland origin (31.3%: fibroadenoma 19.0%, adenocarcinomas 8.8%, and adenomas 3.5%) followed by thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (2.9%), uterine endometrial stromal polyps (2.6%), adrenal cortical adenomas (1.9%), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.6%), fibromas in the skin (1.3%), and pancreatic islet cell adenoma (1.1%). Metastases were observed from pheochromocytomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, nephroblastomas, renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma, interstitial cell tumor and seminoma of the testes, Zymbal's gland adenocarcinomas, and mammary adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Spontaneous neoplasms in aged Sprague-Dawley rats. 144 14

Seven cases of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary glands are reported. This fairly recently described tumor, which is not exceptional, is characterized by a polymorphous architecture, fairly uniform cytologic features, and a marked tendency to infiltrate neighboring structures with perineural spread in virtually every case. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies reported in the literature have demonstrated that the tumor cells exhibit epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation. These tumors probably arise from reserve cells in terminal ducts. The histologic study should eliminate two other tumors that carry a very different prognosis, i.e., pleiomorphic adenoma and the tubular, cribriform variety of cystic adenoid carcinoma. Low-grade polymorphic adenocarcinomas grow slowly. Recurrences are infrequent. Metastases are rare and involve only regional lymph nodes. The morphologic features and course of these tumors explain the term "low-grade polymorphous adenocarcinoma" used to designate them.
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PMID:[Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary glands. Seven cases]. 144 66

Groups of 80 male and female F344 rats were exposed by gavage to ochratoxin A, a naturally occurring mycotoxin, at levels of 21, 70, and 210 micrograms/kg body weight for up to 2 years. Ochratoxin A induced non-neoplastic renal tubular epithelial changes consisting of cytoplasmic alteration, karyomegaly, degeneration, and cysts. Exposure-related renal tubular proliferative lesions included focal hyperplasia, tubular cell adenoma, and tubular cell carcinoma. Renal tubular cell adenoma occurred as early as 9 months in 1 high-dose male rat, and both adenomas and carcinomas were seen in males by 15 months. At the terminal sacrifice, renal tubular cell tumors were found in both male and female rats, but the response was more pronounced in the males. The incidence of renal tumors in the high-dose rats was the highest of any National Toxicology Program (NTP) study completed to date. In the high-dose males approximately one-third of the renal carcinomas developed metastases. This study demonstrates that ochratoxin A is a potent renal carcinogen in the F344 rat and suggests that contamination of feedstuff by this mycotoxin may pose a potential hazard to domestic animals and man.
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PMID:Renal lesions induced by ochratoxin A exposure in the F344 rat. 147 84


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