Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 33 specimens of human gastric carcinoma were used for transplantation into nude mice. Initital tumor "take" was accomplished in 15 of the 33 tumors, and the transplantability rate was 45.5%. Transplantability correlated with histologic type, but not with clinical stage or Borrmann's classification. The transplantability rate of differentiated carcinomas, such as well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma was greater than that of poorly differentiated tumors, such as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. The growth patterns of transplanted tumors were divided into 3 types: rapid, slow, and persistent. There were no specific relationships between growth pattern and histologic type. All histologic types, except signet ring cell carcinoma, could be transplanted serially. Tumor growth became rapid after serial transfer. However, the original histology of these tumors was unchanged. No invasion or metastases were encountered. Intraperitoneal injection of a tumor cell suspension, prepared from subcutaneous transplants of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of Borrmann type III, grew in an ascites form, with invasion and metastasis. Ascitic fluid accumulated within 3--6 weeks after injection. Subsequently, intravenous injection of ascites fluid produced metastases in nude mice. The histology of the subcutaneous tumor was similar to that of the original tumor from the patient.
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PMID:Heterotransplantation of human gastric carcinomas into nude mice. 22 54

Fifty-five patients with extramammary Paget's disease were the source of material for this study. Step-sections were done through most of the specimens. Clinical information, including follow-up, was obtained on 45 of the 55 patients. Extramammary Paget's disease could be divided histologically according to where Paget cells were found, namely: 1) wholly within the epidermis and the epithelial structures of adnexa, and the dermis; 3) within the epidermis, the epithelial structures of adnexa, and contiguous epithelia of other organs such as the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Our conclusions are that extramammary Paget's disease is more than one disease and in most instances begins in the epidermis as an adenocardinoma and extends from there into contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. Uncommonly, Paget cells extend from the epidermis into the dermis and from there may metastasize. Rarely, extramammary Paget's disease results from direct extension into the skin of an adenocarcinoma in a contiguous organ such as the genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Extramammary Paget's disease. A critical reexamination. 23 72

The latency period, success rate, and minimal cell inoculum size required for transplantation of continuously passaged human tumor lines into congenitally athymic (nude) mice, antilymphocyte serum (ALS)-treated congenitally athymic (nude) mice, and congenitally athymic-asplenic (lasat) mice were compared. The 11 tumor lines studied included examples of breast adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, malignant melanoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Of these 11 tumor lines, 3 were successfully transplanted into nude mice, compared to 5 of 10 tumor lines in ALS-treated nude mice and 9 of 11 lines in lasat mice. Moreover, the latency period was shorter and the minimal cell inoculum size was lower for lasat mice than for either nude or ALS-treated nude mice. Despite this enhancement of heterotransplantation into lasat mice and despite the growth of large local masses, no evidence of distant metastases was found.
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PMID:Enhancement of heterotransplanted human tumor graft survival in nude mice treated with antilymphocyte serum and in congenitally athymic-asplenic (Lasat) mice. 27 31

Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder developed in 17 of 68 untreated and in 26 of 83 irradiated guinea pigs of inbred strains 2 and 13. The carcinomas spread widely by direct extension and through lymphatic and blood vessels to lymph nodes, mesenteries, omenta, abdominal wall, liver, lungs, bones, and spleen. Whole-body exposure to gamma or X-radiation increased both the number of tumors and metastases in male inbred guinea pigs but not in females. Significantly fewer (9 of 98) noninbred than inbred guinea pigs developed gallbladder carcinomas after irradiation. In 9 untreated noninbred guinea pigs gallbladder carcinomas were not found. Inasmuch as the effect of irradiation was not dose-dependent, an indirect systemic effect of irradiation was postulated. This is the first report on the occurrence of spontaneous gallbladder adenocarcinomas in guinea pigs.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder in guinea pigs. 28 70

The lymphatic drainage of the colon and rectum originates in the submucosal layer. Therefore metastases do not arise from carcinomas confined to the mucosa, and for the same reason the WHO lately recommended to call these lesions severe atypism. The term adenocarcinoma should be reserved in the case of infiltration of the carcinoma into the submucosa. According to the features outlined above adenomas of the rectum showing severe atypism can be removed by careful excision of the mucosa. Even adenomas containing an early diagnosed adenocarcinoma up to 2.5 cm in diameter often can be cured by a local resection of the rectal wall, if no metastases have occurred. From 1971--December 1, 1977, 12 rectal adenomas with severe atypism and 14 rectal adenomas with adenocarcinoma had been removed locally without complications. After 6 years there was no recurrence of carcinoma.
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PMID:[Malignant polyps and early recognized carcinomas of the rectum. Morphological aspects and selective surgical treatment (author's transl)]. 30 81

Human gastrointestinal cancer xenografts were established in the nude mouse. Grafts were accomplished with gastric adenocarcinomas, gastric leiomyosarcoma, histiocytic lymphoma of the stomach and gallbladder, pancreatic tumors, colonic cancers and cell lines of duodenal (HUTU-80) and pancreatic (HS-766-T) cancers, melanoma (SK-Mel-5), and murine metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma. The rate of successful xenografting of these tumors varied from virtually 100% with colon and duodenal cancer, 50% for a pancreatic cancer (P-1), to only 17% for gastric adenocarcinoma. Pancreas and colon adenocarcinomas have been maintained by successive xenotransplantation over 16 and 19 months, respectively. Human xenografts retained morphological identity with tissues of origin through several transplant generations and shared some of their ultrastructural characteristics but did not metastasize. Rodent xenografts, of heterogenous origin were characterized by differences in the duration of the latent period and in the rate of their initial development as described by the average doubling times and average slopes (B) of their growth curves. Differences between B of the Lewis lung carcinoma and all of the human xenografts and between B of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma and three other neoplasms were significant (P less than 0.05 to 0.04). Labeling indices determined for 14 cancer transplants were in the range of previously reported data for similar neoplasms in patients or other xenograft systems. These findings suggest that the nude mouse model can be used to evaluate endogenous properties of gastrointestinal cancers and their responses to exogenous agents.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal cancer studies in the human to nude mouse heterotransplant system. 32 Dec 90

Total incidence and outcome of cancer in all renal allograft recipients in one geographic area are known: 126 (7%) of 1884 patients developed cancer during an 11-year period. Proportions with cancer 1 and 5 years following successful transplantation were 11% and 24%, respectively. Numbers, proportion of malignancies, and average time of diagnosis post transplantation were as follows: reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) 15 (11%), 18 months; adenocarcinoma 8 (6%), 21/2 years; cancer of cervix 6 (5%), 41/2 years; leukemia 2 (2%), 5 years. All were highly malignant except cancer of the cervix, 2 localized forms of RCS, and 4 cases of cerebral RCS that responded to radiotherapy. Skin malignancy (SM) occurred in 97 patients (77% of cancers). The frequency increased with time, and after 4 years 18% of survivors had this cancer. In patients with SM 17% had multiple lesions when first diagnosed; further cancers or recurrences of the same type developed in 23%; another form of SM developed in 15%; metastases occurred 9 times (9%), 4 fatally. Six (6%) patients with SM developed other forms of malignancy, as compared to 33 (2%) of 1786 patients without SM. Ooulook for patients with SM with regard to survival and graft function was greatly improved at 5 years, as compared to that for patients without SM. Thereafter the outlook for patients with SM worsened rapidly because of additional effects of malignancy.
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PMID:Cancer in renal allograft recipients in Australia and New Zealand. 32 40

The transplantability of a xenografted human adenocarcinoma has been examined in mice that had been immune-suppressed by thymectomy and whole-body irradiation and the results have been compared with transplantation into athymic (nude) mice. Two alternative techniques were used to prevent marrow failure following whole-body irradiation: reconstituting the animals with a marrow graft, or protecting them by an injection of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) 2 days before the irradiation. The results show that the Ara-C-prepared mice were more receptive to transplantation than marrow-grafted or nude mice, and they were the only animals that developed regional metastases from implanted xenografts. Some recovery of immunity occurred in both types of immune-suppressed mice, which was evident more than 5 weeks after immune-suppression and which was more marked in females than in males. It was concluded that the immune-suppressed mice were superior to nude mice for short-term experiments but they may be less satisfactory for long-term experiments.
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PMID:Improved immune-suppression techniques for the exongrafting of human tumours. 34 3

After the injection of the potent carcinogen 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) male rats (Fisher/Furth), mice (Strong A/J), and Golden hamsters, which had been previously conditioned by castration and in which the prostate had become histologically atrophic, developed tumors consistent with prostatic adenocarcinoma. One month after castration, intravenous injections of DMBA were given in the vena cava or jugular vein once a month for 3 months. Three to four months later, histologic evidence of prostate adenocarcinoma was consistently found in each of the groups of castrated animals (11 rats, 22 mice, and 11 hamsters) which survived the experiment. The glands were enlarged grossly and ureteral obstructions were also noted. Metastasis to the lung also occurred in five mice, three rats, and one hamster.
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PMID:An animal model for the study of prostatic adenocarcinoma. 40 18

Abnormal gray scale hepatic echograms in 76 patients with known or suspected metastatic disease were reviewed. A varied echographic pattern was found, with the gray scale appearances falling into three identifiable categories (dense, lucent, and bulls-eye) and a fourth group difficult to characterize. Prior chemotherapy seemed to have little consistent effect on echographic patterns. A pattern of dense lesions was associated in a large percentage of cases with adenocarcinoma. Carcinoma of the colon commonly produced this appearance. The remaining echographic patterns showed little correlation with specific primary sites or cell types.
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PMID:Gray scale echographic patterns of hepatic metastatic disease. 41 89


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