Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of immunity in the control of tumor metastasis is unclear, although various evidence suggests its existence. Immunosuppressive treatment is associated with increase in metastasis in both experimental animals and humans. Infiltration by T-lymphocytes is substantial in primary tumors while minimal or absent in their metastases. The capacity for metastasis is related to histologic type and grade of differentiation; small cell carcinomas of the lung are more metastatic than large cell carcinomas; small cell lymphomas are more metastatic than large cell lymphomas. Organ selectivity is evident in the patterns of metastasis; the spleen is common site of metastasis for lymphomas but not for carcinomas. In an experimental system, a virus-induced lymphoma invariably metastasized to the thymus while chemical-induced lymphomas metastasized to the liver; immunosuppression did not alter the patterns. Malignant tumors may exhibit years-long intervals of dormancy before metastasis and established metastases may regress spontaneously, both phenomena being altered by changes in immune status. Malignant tumors in persons with immune deficiency, particularly AIDS, like the opportunistic infections, have a tendency for early dissemination, including organs not usually affected.
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PMID:Immunobiology of metastases. 203 53

Fatty infiltration of the liver has been described in association with a large number of systemic conditions. The authors describe a case of multifocal fatty infiltration simulating metastatic disease. The patient had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pathologically proved cytomegalovirus hepatitis. To the authors' knowledge, neither entity has been described in association with this radiologic finding.
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PMID:Multifocal cytomegalovirus-associated hepatic lesions simulating metastases in AIDS. 216 68

Because of its widespread distribution within the nervous system and gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system, and its diverse physiological inhibitory actions on various gastrointestinal functions, including endocrine and exocrine secretion, motility, liver and splanchnic blood flow and absorption, native somatostatin has been viewed as a possible therapy for many diseases. However, its short duration of action and consequent limited clinical usefulness have been overcome with the availability of Sandostatin (octreotide, Sandoz Ltd), a long-acting, synthetic octapeptide analog of the naturally occurring hormone. Sandostatin represents a significant advance in the treatment of growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary tumors and GEP endocrine tumors (carcinoid tumor, VIPoma, glucagonoma, insulinoma, and gastrinoma). Preclinical in vitro and animal studies have shown the antineoplastic activity of the compound. Moreover, because of a possible direct effect on somatostatin receptor-positive endocrine tumor cells and an indirect effect whereby Sandostatin lowers GH, insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), and numerous gastrointestinal peptides, Sandostatin may prove useful as an adjunctive therapy in cancer patients. In vivo labeling of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs now allows localization of such tumors and their metastases. In addition, targeted irradiation of these tumors by beta particle-emitting isotopes attached to such somatostatin analogs may become possible. The use of Sandostatin in acute esophageal variceal bleeding, pancreatic pseudocysts, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic external fistulae, short bowel syndrome, dumping syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related refractory hypersecretory diarrhea has provided encouraging results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Future medical prospects for Sandostatin. 220 87

We retrospectively reviewed eight patients with biopsy-proven anorectal Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) treated between 1984 and 1989 at San Francisco General Hospital. All patients were homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The average age was 34 years. Three patients had primary rectal KS without metastases. Five patients had disseminated KS with lesions throughout the alimentary tract, viscera, skin, or local lymph nodes. Three patients were treated with radiation or chemotherapy. Five patients had disseminated KS with lesions throughout the alimentary tract, viscera, skin, or local lymph nodes. Three patients were treated with radiation or chemotherapy. Five patients with advanced AIDS received no specific treatment for anorectal KS. Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 5 years. Three of the untreated patients and the three patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy were alive 1 month to 5 years after diagnosis. Aggressive surgical treatment of anorectal KS is not indicated.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma of the rectum in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 225 36

The authors found metastases to the heart in 10.7% of 1029 autopsy cases in which a malignant neoplasm was diagnosed. The lung was the commonest primary site (36.4%) and adenocarcinoma was the most frequent cell type (36.4%) of neoplasms metastatic to heart. Nonepithelial tumors accounted for 22.7% of cardiac metastases. Epicardium was involved in 75.5% of metastatic lesions and a pericardial effusion was present with 33.7% of epicardial metastases. Although hemorrhagic effusions occurred in only 12 cases with metastases to heart, these represented 76.4% of all such effusions. Lymphomas associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome showed the most extensive cardiac involvement. Primary sites and cell types of cardiac metastases have evolved over time and have been modified by chemotherapy, increased survival of cancer patients, increasing incidence of lung carcinoma, and recently by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic.
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PMID:Cardiac metastases. 230 90

Seven cases of vascular neoplasia arising within lesions of hypervascular follicular hyperplasia (HFH) fulfilling the criteria of Castleman's disease are described. The patients did not have evidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or other immunologic disorders. The masses were solitary and located in the retroperitoneum (five cases), mediastinum (one case), and axilla (one case). Grossly, they measured up to 20 cm and had a variegated appearance. In each case two morphologically distinct processes were present: a mesenchymal spindle-cell neoplasm with evidence of vascular differentiation and Castleman's disease of hyaline vascular type. The two processes blended with each other, with the neoplasm appearing to be continuous with the interfollicular proliferation of small vessels that is typical of Castleman's disease. The lesions behaved aggressively in two cases, both patients having died with metastatic disease. This remarkable association may be viewed as a pathologic manifestation of the intimate functional relationship that exists between the immune and the vascular systems. Other probable examples of this relationship are systemic Castleman's disease associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, localized Castleman's disease associated with vascular hamartoma, histiocytoid hemangioma/angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, and (possibly) angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Perhaps these associations are mediated by the production of angiogenic factors by the activated lymphoid cells.
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PMID:Development of vascular neoplasia in Castleman's disease. Report of seven cases. 235 21

The central nervous system of nearly every HIV-positive patient becomes affected by the AIDS virus itself or by one of the associated diseases during the course of the illness. Early diagnosis of lesions which demand therapeutic consequences is of the most importance concerning prolongation of life and improvement in its quality. In spite of the frequent underestimation of cerebral involvement by imaging methods and their unspecific findings they are often the only diagnostic means which permit-timely diagnosis and, at least in some diseases, therapeutic monitoring. Indications for cranial computed tomography (CCT) or magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) are already present with mild or transient neurological or psychiatric symptoms or the extracerebral manifestation of neurotropic organisms or tumours which metastasize to the brain, even in patients without subjective complaints.
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PMID:[AIDS of the central nervous system]. 240 43

It has been shown that the systemic administration of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells with recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL-2) is effective in reducing the number of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases in murine models. Similarly, this modality of therapy has been proven effective against certain selected human tumors as well. In view of the rising concern with transmission of virally related communicable diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS, we have undertaken the evaluation of a serum-free medium (AIM V) for the generation and expansion of murine LAK cells for use in in vivo tumor immunotherapy against murine hepatic metastases. Day 3 LAK cells generated in AIM V medium demonstrated a greater percentage of viable cells than cells generated in serum containing complete medium (CM) (mean percentage of yield, 59 versus 25%, AIM V medium versus CM, respectively, P less than 0.001, N = 6 consecutive experiments). When day 3 LAK cells were transferred to new medium (CM to CM and AIM V to AIM V), a highly reproducible expansion of these cells was demonstrated which was significantly better for cells expanded in AIM V medium versus cells expanded in CM (mean fold expansion on day 21 of culture; 201 versus 54, AIM V medium versus CM, respectively, P less than 0.005, N = 4 consecutive experiments). When day 3 LAK cells, day 5 expanded LAK cells, and day 13 expanded LAK cells grown in CM or in AIM V medium were given in vivo with RIL-2 to mice harboring hepatic metastases, cells grown in AIM V medium demonstrated an increased antitumor activity compared to cells grown in CM. As an example in experiment 1, the mean number of metastases with day 5 expanded LAK cells grown in CM and given with RIL-2 was 47 while the mean number of metastases with day 5 expanded LAK cells grown in AIM V medium and given with RIL-2 was 5 (P less than 0.002). These experiments demonstrate that AIM V medium can be utilized to generate greater numbers of murine LAK cells with enhanced in vivo antitumor activity compared to cells generated in CM. These findings could be applied to the expansion of cytotoxic cells for human antitumor therapy.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of murine hepatic metastases with lymphokine-activated killer cells expanded in serum-free media and recombinant interleukin 2. 256 60

This is a review of the current knowledge of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) associated with immune depression observed in cats. It will focus on the clinical and experimental observations associated with feline retroviral infection and presence in vivo and in vitro. We will briefly describe retroviral-associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome associated with FeLV infection in the cat and specific cellular pathology associated with FeLV latency. In addition, we will focus on the action of FeLV-p15E in vitro and describe possible mechanisms of the FeLV-associated immunosuppression observed both in vivo and in vitro. Lastly, we will evaluate the current status of immunoprevention of FeLV. We will not attempt an in-depth analysis of the current literature; our focus is to review current findings as they relate to feline AIDS and immunotherapy.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1987
PMID:Feline leukemia virus: current status of the feline induced immune depression and immunoprevention. 282 30

AIDS is now a common disease, seen daily in large metropolitan medical centers. Neuroimaging techniques such as CT and MR are critical to the detection and diagnosis of CNS complications. Intracerebral infections are common. These infections frequently are caused by opportunistic organisms; less commonly, they are bacterial infections. The cranial imaging features on CT and MR are not pathognomonic, but their distribution or appearance (e.g., asymmetric target lesions of toxoplasmosis) may have predictive value in a known AIDS patient. The superior contrast resolution of MR makes it a more sensitive cross-sectional imaging tool for evaluating intracerebral abnormalities associated with a variety of infectious processes. Differential diagnoses still include metastatic disease, lymphoma, and infarcts. When MR is used as the initial cross-sectional imaging study, contrast-enhanced CT may still be necessary to further characterize a lesion. Currently, more experience exists with CT for follow-up of the AIDS patient with CNS manifestations. MR, particularly with gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast medium, will probably become the imaging method of choice.
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PMID:CNS complications of AIDS: CT and MR findings. 284 35


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