Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in thymus in a 59-year-old Japanese female is presented. She died of cardiac tamponade due to tumor invasion ater a 5 years' clinical course. At autopsy the main tumor was found in the thymic region with metastases to the sternum, regional lymph nodes, pericardial, and left pleural cavity. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma might be probably originated from a hen's egg-sized cyst which was located in the upper posterior aspect of the tumor-involved thymus. No teratomatous components were present. The cyst was most likely to be of thymic or bronchogenic cyst origin, though it was not determined, in view of the lining with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the cystic wall and the surrounding with the thymic tissue outside. Moreover, there was thymic hyperplasia with germinal center that was compatible with SLE-like symptoms in her past history and autoimmune nature of the autopsy findings of pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymic region. 711 3

Female wistar rats were fed on an Mg-deficient diet. After 8 to 10 weeks, the thymus glands were strongly degenerated and the number of lymphocytes was reduced, especially in the cortex. Thymus degeneration was associated with a decreased rate of DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis and necrosis and phagocytosis of lymphocytes. The degeneration was normalized after feeding on an Mg-rich diet. After 10 or 11 weeks of Mg deficiency, local cell proliferations of immature lymphocytes with a great number of free ribosomes were found in some thymus glands. The local cell proliferations developed into infiltrating tumors without metastases. In lymphoma cells the Na+ and Ca2+ content, the turnover of cellular Na+ and K+, and the aerobic production of CO2 and lactate were increased.
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PMID:Development and properties of malignant lymphoma induced by magnesium deficiency in rats. 713 Feb 50

Thymomas exhibit histologically characteristic features of differentiation with great similarity to structures in fetal, normal and involuted thymus. They include pleomorphic ducts, cysts and glandular structures, which cannot be explained with the conventional views on thymus development as introduced by Hammar, but find a simple histogenetic clarification if Schambacher's concepts are accepted. With suitable fetal material Schambacher's findings can be easily confirmed. They indicate that the thymus is composed of two different types of epithelium, called here the "reticular epithelium" and the "medullary duct epithelium." The origins and development are described. The features of fetal thymus, of normal and involuted thymus, of cystic thymic lesions and of dysplastic thymus are re-examined and compared with structures found in thymomas. The observed findings suggest that thymomas are complex "organoid" epitheliomas with diversified reticular epithelial and medullary duct differentiation. Like other epitheliomas they grow slowly and may show local invasive propensities, but distant metastases remain exceptionally rare.
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PMID:The thymus according to Schambacher: medullary ducts and reticular epithelium of thymus and thymomas. 727 52

The frequency of metastases of solid primary tumors into the respiratory tract is estimated to about 5% by means of bronchoscopic and bronchofibroscopic examinations. The clinical and roentgenological picture of endobronchial metastases in most cases is corresponding to that of a primary bronchial cancer. For differential diagnostics endobronchial metastases have to be delimited from primary bronchial carcinoma, from the multilocular forms of the primary bronchial carcinoma, from benign tumors and pseudotumors of the respiratory tract. The possibility of double tumors (tumorduplicity) must not be forgotten, as well. The endoscopic signs of a benign tumor endobronchially growing are described. However, only the histological or cytologic examination will give certainty. The endoscopic picture of a primary bronchial carcinoma with metastases and other possible multilocular endobronchial alterations are described. In our material the error was most frequent, that the bronchial cancer was confounded with the metastases. During the last 20 years we have observed endobronchial metastases in 22 patients with bronchoscopic methods. In 13 patients an extrapulmonary solid tumor made metastases into the bronchi, breast cancer 4 times, Grawitztumors, adenocarcinoma of the colon, carcinoma of the thymus each two times, cancer of the uterus, of the urinary bladder and the thyroid each one time. In 9 patients autochthonous metastases of a primary bronchial carcinoma were found.
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PMID:[Endobronchial metastases (author's transl)]. 731 96

The lymphocytes that accompany thymomas express an immature T-cell phenotype, as usually demonstrated by CD1 or TdT immunoreactivity. Even when thymomas metastasize or occur in ectopic sites, the infiltrating T lymphocytes show this unique immature phenotype, contrasting with thymic and nonthymic carcinomas, in which the infiltrating T lymphocytes typically show a mature phenotype (CD1 and TdT negative). Therefore, the presence of an immature T-cell population in an epithelial tumor strongly supports a diagnosis of thymoma. The availability of an antibody that consistently marks immature T-cells in routine paraffin sections would be of great help in the study of thymic tumors. In this report, we describe the use of MIC2 antibody (013), which has been widely used for the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcomas and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors because it intensely stains thymocytes. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin sections of normal/hyperplastic thymus (18 cases), thymoma (62 cases), thymic carcinoma (nine cases), tumors showing borderline features between thymoma and thymic carcinoma (three cases), and ectopic hamartomatous thymoma (two cases). T-cell and B-cell antibodies were also applied to aid in the interpretation. In the normal thymus, almost all lymphocytes in the cortex stained with 013, whereas fewer than 5% of those in the medulla were 013 positive. In thymomas, including the three ectopic thymomas and the single case of metastatic thymoma, most lymphocytes were 013 positive, except the spindle-cell foci (medullary thymoma or medullary component of mixed thymoma), in which the percentage of 013-positive lymphocytes was lower (5-30%). Within the pale foci of "medullary differentiation" and the perivascular spaces of lymphocyte-rich thymomas, few lymphocytes showed 013 positivity, indicating that the T lymphocytes in these areas were more mature. None of the thymic carcinomas harbored 013-positive lymphocytes. Among the three cases of borderline thymoma/thymic carcinoma, only one harbored 013-positive lymphocytes. The 013-positive lymphocytes were not seen in the ectopic hamartomatous thymomas. In normal lymph nodes and nonthymic carcinomas studied as controls, there were no or at most small numbers of isolated 013-positive lymphocytes. We conclude that interpreted in the proper context, MIC2 antibody can serve as a useful marker of immature T-cells and thus help in the confirmation of a diagnosis of thymoma in small biopsy specimens, ectopic thymoma, or metastatic thymoma; in the distinction between invasive thymoma and thymic carcinoma; and in the classification of thymomas.
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PMID:The MIC2 antibody 013. Practical application for the study of thymic epithelial tumors. 757 70

Carcinoid tumour of the thymus is a rare condition, with less than a hundred cases reported in the literature. Diagnosis is complex as they are usually asymptomatic. We describe a case of a severe Cushing syndrome developed in a 51-year-old man. The diagnosis of a thymic carcinoid was established. Three years ago, the patient was treated by surgical resection of an anterior mediastinal mass. A massive tumour dissemination was detected by MIBG and CT image techniques. Both techniques are currently considered useful for this kind of diagnosis. ACTH secretion was detected immunohistochemically. Although the treatment with SMS-201-995 octreotide was effective in controlling the clinical symptoms, the patient died three months later with extensive metastases. The carcinoid tumours of the thymus associated to Cushing syndrome are aggressive tumours and usually produce local and distant metastases.
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PMID:[An ACTH-secreting carcinoid tumor of the thymus. A report of a new case]. 762 65

Tumors induced in approximately 2000 F344 rats by a number of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds have been examined for their propensity to metastasize. The objective was to discover relations between the structure of the carcinogen, the tumor induced and the proportion of tumors that formed metastases. Treatments consisted of multiple doses of one of 16 nitrosamines or 19 alkylnitrosoureas, which were administered in drinking water, by gavage or by the intravesicular route. Male and female rats were included. Most of the carcinogens were mutagens in bacteria, but some were not; this had no bearing on the tendency of induced tumors to metastasize, nor did the extent of alkylation of DNA produced in vivo. Fewer malignant tumors appeared in the rats treated with nitrosamines than with alkylnitrosoureas, but more than twice as many of the former metastasized; many were carcinomas or hemangiosarcomas of the liver, of which very few were induced by alkylnitrosoureas. Tumors of the liver, lung, mammary gland and forestomach metastasized most commonly, whereas those of the esophagus, nasal mucosa, Zymbal gland, kidney mesenchyme, thyroid, urinary bladder and mesotheliomas seldom formed metastases; none of the tumors of the brain or intestines metastasized; no differences between males and females were noted. Some rare tumors, osteosarcomas and thymus lymphomas, metastasized frequently. The lungs and lymph nodes were the most common sites for metastases, but less frequently liver, heart, kidney, adrenal gland, omentum, peritoneum, esophagus and pancreas were involved. Higher doses were associated with greater numbers of metastasizing tumors among mutagenic or non-mutagenic carcinogens, as has been reported elsewhere. It appears that directly alkylating alkylnitrosoureas are no more likely (and probably less likely) to induce tumors with metastatic properties than are nitrosamines that require metabolic activation to form reactive proximate carcinogens.
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PMID:Metastasizing tumors in rats treated with alkylating carcinogens. 772 42

Primary thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm that in contradistinction to thymoma, is not supposed to be associated with a paraneoplastic syndrome. A 73-year-old man, with new onset of disorientation, was found to have an elevated serum calcium level as the cause. Computed tomography demonstrated a mediastinal mass, pericardial invasion, and metastases to the lung. Examination of a biopsy specimen revealed thymic squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, a paraneoplastic syndrome, in this case hypercalcemia, does not exclude primary carcinoma of the thymus.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. 777 75

We studied 28 cases of anterior mediastinal liposarcoma occurring in 16 males and 12 females with a mean age of 43 years (range, 14-72). Presenting symptoms included dyspnea (four cases) and chest pain (four cases), although 11 tumors were detected incidentally by routine chest radiography. Seven cases were believed to be located within the thymus. Most (i.e., 25) of the cases were of low grade, with the well-differentiated lipoma-like or sclerosing subtypes constituting 60% and the myxoid subtype constituting 28%; the remaining 12% exhibited mixed features. Three cases were pleomorphic type. Several low-grade tumors exhibited widespread, dense aggregates of mature-appearing lymphocytes and plasma cells, which occasionally obscured the mesenchymal nature of the neoplasm, suggesting instead a lymphoid neoplasm or a reactive fibroinflammatory condition. The three high-grade tumors showed combinations of pleomorphic and round cell patterns, with focal myxoid areas. Of the cases grossly arising within the thymus, only one showed extensive thymic tissue within the lesion ("thymoliposarcoma"); six others exhibited residual thymus peripheral to the tumor. Clinical follow-up in 23 cases revealed recurrence in seven patients (31.8%), with a mean interval to recurrence of 3 years. Eight patients died (mean survival, 2.6 years), one postoperatively and three following a recurrence. Fifteen patients were alive (mean survival, 2 years), four with recurrent tumor. The myxoid tumors had a somewhat more aggressive course than the well-differentiated tumors. Metastases were not observed in any of the patients.
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PMID:Liposarcoma of the anterior mediastinum and thymus. A clinicopathologic study of 28 cases. 779 76

Six cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymus are presented. The patients were two men and four women aged 17 to 66 years (median age, 34.5). Clinically, three patients had symptoms of chest discomfort and three were asymptomatic. Grossly, the tumors in three patients were described as cystic structures varying in size from 7 to 8 cm in greatest dimension, with focal areas of induration within the walls of the cyst that averaged from 1.5 to 3 cm. The other three cases had grossly and radiographically well-circumscribed, homogeneous tumor masses. Histologically, the lesions showed a spectrum of features that ranged from those of well-differentiated, to moderately well-differentiated, to poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma, with sheets and solid islands of squamoid cells admixed with mucin-secreting epithelium lining gland-like spaces. In four cases, the tumor was histologically seen in continuity with the epithelial lining of multilocular cystic structures; the nonneoplastic components of the cysts contained abundant inflammation and showed the features of otherwise conventional acquired multilocular thymic cysts. Clinical follow-up showed that the two patients with intermediate and high-grade tumors died within 2 and 7 months after initial diagnosis. One of these patients showed at autopsy residual tumor limited to the mediastinum, whereas the other patient died with metastases to pericardium and myocardium despite postoperative radiation therapy. Two patients with low-grade tumors were alive and well with no residual disease 2 and 3 years after surgery, and the other two were lost to follow-up. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymus should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic neoplasms of the thymus. As with their counterparts at other sites, the biologic behavior of these tumors closely correlates with their degree of differentiation and amount of cytologic atypia.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the thymus. A clinicopathologic study of six cases. 779 81


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