Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunohistochemical study of the expression of the secretory component (SC) in human mammary gland epithelium at various stages of differentiation, as well as in benign and malignant breast tumours, was undertaken using three mouse monoclonal antibodies. Antibody RICEO-SC-05 (SC-05), raised against a partially purified preparation of human SC, and reacting with a reduction-resistant epitope present in both free and polymeric immunoglobulin-bound SC, was compared in immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence studies on a diverse range of normal tissues, to 2 reference anti-SC antibodies (LICR-LONLC28 and RICEO-MFG-12). All three antibodies reacted with secretory epithelia only, consistent with known patterns of expression of SC in tissues, although there was an unexpected reaction by all anti-SC antibodies with some Hassal's corpuscles of the thymus. Staining patterns seen in the normal resting, pregnant, lactating and regressing (after weaning) breast provide evidence for differentiation-associated changes in the production of SC, and support the concept of terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs) as functional compartments of the mammary gland. SC was detected in all but one benign breast lesion (n = 53) as compared to only 24% positive cases with heterogeneous expression of SC found among 176 primary and metastatic breast carcinomas examined. In a series of 40 primary breast carcinomas and their corresponding lymph node metastases, a good overall correlation was found between the expression of SC in the matched specimens; aside from 3 heterogeneously SC-positive carcinomas whose metastatic counterparts were SC-negative. Our results demonstrate a potential application for monoclonal antibodies to SC in the study of human mammary gland differentiation, but suggest that the value of an assay for SC in the diagnosis of breast carcinomas is questionable due to the generally low expression of SC by either primary or metastatic breast lesions.
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PMID:Secretory component in differentiating normal epithelium, benign lesions and malignancy in the human breast as monitored by monoclonal antibodies. 272 65

A space-occupying mediastinal mass was discovered in a 16-year-old boy with metastasizing non-seminomatous testicular tumour six months after successful conclusion of cytostatic chemotherapy. Metastases at other sites were excluded. An enlarged thymus was the only finding at operation. Histological and histochemical examination demonstrated diffuse hyperplasia. The findings demonstrate that reactive benign thymic hyperplasia after cytostatic chemotherapy has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying mediastinal lesions. They can also occur in adults. They are benign, explainable as immunological rebound phenomena, and do not require operative intervention. In case of doubt, short-term corticoid administration will diminish the size of the mass and thus confirms the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Reactive benign thymus hyperplasia following cytostatic chemotherapy]. 283 65

The CT examination of 36 patients with masses in the thymus (three thymus hyperplasias, 33 thymomas) were evaluated retrospectively. Three tumours in atypical positions posed problems in differential diagnosis from bronchial carcinomas and two cases with extensive pleural metastases had to be differentiated from pleural mesotheliomas. There were no certain morphological features on CT which indicated whether the mass was malignant. Eleven patients with thymomas had metastases; in seven of these they were extra-thoracic, with preference for supraclavicular lymph nodes, adrenals and the axial skeleton. Tumour progression and distant metastases were found particularly in malignant thymomas of the epithelial type. Calcification in a thymoma tends to indicate that it is malignant.
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PMID:[Computed tomographic findings in 36 patients with space-occupying lesions of the thymus]. 284 74

The biological activities of two thymic factors, serum thymic factor thymulin normally present in serum and thymosin alpha-1 (Ta-1) extracted from the thymus gland, have been studied. The effects of the factors on the growth of pulmonary metastases and survival of mice were evaluated in pathogen-free C3H/fSed males. Mice were injected i.v. with the single cell suspension of the syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma. The treatment with thymulin and Ta-1 started two days after injection of 5 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(5) tumor cells per mouse. Different doses of the thymic factors were administered S.C. in sets of 5 daily injections through a period of 2 or 3 weeks. Numbers of tumor colonies in the lung were determined two weeks after the cell injection. Treatment with 0.1 micrograms Ta-1 per injection through the period of two or three weeks, prolonged the survival of tumor-injected mice. Similar effects were observed in mice treated with 0.01 microgram thymulin per injection. Numbers of tumor colonies in lungs of these mice two weeks after the cell injection were also reduced in comparison with saline-treated controls. These findings correlated with prolonged survival time of identically treated mice. The effectiveness of thymic factors in reducing tumor growth was dependent on the tumour load. In addition, the effects induced by Ta-1 persisted longer than observed in thymulin-treated mice. Mice challenged 150 days after the primary tumor cell injection and treatment with Ta-1 demonstrated increased resistance to tumor, while mice treated with other factors behaved as saline-treated controls. The results indicate that both factors exert beneficial effects against tumor growth, although mode of action for each factor may be different.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Thymic factor-induced reduction of pulmonary metastases in mice with FSA-1 fibrosarcoma. 2402 39

Prodigiozan and zymosan were shown to have different effects both on the intracellular content of cyclic nucleotides and pulmonary metastases formation in mice with Lewis' carcinoma. The authors believe that determination of cyclic nucleotide ratio in immunocompetent organs (thymus and spleen) may be used as an additional criterion for identification of new antitumour immunomodulators.
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PMID:[Effect of polysaccharides on the cyclic nucleotide content and phosphodiesterase activity in the organs of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma]. 299 8

A correlation between reactions of the sympathoadrenal system and the activity of adenosine transformation enzymes in lymphocytes is demonstrated in the dynamics of metastatic Lewis carcinoma development in C57Bl mice. In the period when metastases arise a decrease in the adenosine deaminase activity in lymphoid cells of the thymus and spleen is accompanied by drop in the content of DOPA, noradrenalin and adrenalin in adrenals. At the late stages of the tumour process a decrease in the amount of these compounds in adrenals is accompanied by the diminution of the adenosine deaminase activity and by an increase in the 5'-nucleotidase activity in the thymus. Contrary changes are observed in spleen lymphocytes. The revealed disturbances may stimulate to a considerable extent the appearance and growth of metastases.
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PMID:[Enzymes of adenosine metabolism in lymphocytes and the functional state of the sympatho-adrenal system in tumor processes]. 301 May 22

The incidence of malignant lymphomas in Japan is relatively low compared to that in western European countries and the United States. However, in limited areas in Japan a specific type of lymphoid malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), which is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), is highly prevalent, and there are also many healthy carriers of HTLV-I in the same areas. A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study of HTLV-I showed that the age-specific proportion of healthy HTLV-I carriers in these ATL-endemic areas increased with age, especially over 40, and was higher in females than in males. Three main routes of HTLV-I transmission are recognized: 1) vertical transmission from mother to child mainly through breast milk; 2) horizontal transmission from man to woman through semen, and; 3) parenteral transmission from carrier donor to non-carrier recipient. The annual incidence rate of ATL among HTLV-I carriers is estimated at 2.0 in males and 0.5 in females, and the cumulative risk for ATL in HTLV-I carriers during a 70-year life span is 1%-5%. Possible risk factors for ATL in addition to HTLV-I infection were considered, i.e. genetic factors, environmental factors, nutritional condition, thymus involution etc., but none of these were found to be clearly associated with ATL. To determine whether there exist particularly susceptible hosts for ATL in the ATL endemic areas, HLA types were examined, but no conclusive results on the positive relationships between HLA types and ATL manifestation or HTLV-I infection were obtained. From follow-up studies on the age-specific distribution of HTLV-I carriers in Japan, it is now speculated that the HTLV-I infection rate might have decreased naturally in the more recent generational cohort groups, even in the ATL-endemic areas. However, ATL in Japan is an important subject for study in the field of cancer epidemiology, and several trial intervention programs for the prevention of ATL, such as controls of vertical transmission from mother to child through breast milk, are now ongoing in the ATL-endemic areas of Japan.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1988 Nov
PMID:Malignant lymphomas in Japan: epidemiological analysis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). 306 1

The role of the immune response in the elimination of spontaneous metastases arising from intraocular tumors was examined in a syngeneic intraocular murine tumor model. P91 mastocytoma (DBA/2 origin) expresses strong tumor-specific transplantation antigens and grows transiently in the eyes of syngeneic hosts before undergoing spontaneous rejection. An organ culture technique was used to detect spontaneous metastases in the lungs, spleens, brains, and thymuses of intraocular tumor-bearing mice. Metastatic tumor cells were detected in all organs of immunodeficient mice (i.e., athymic, nude, or x-irradiated DBA/2 mice) within 14 days of intraocular transplantation, and grew progressively thereafter. By contrast, metastatic tumors were rejected in 100% of the immunocompetent DBA/2 mice examined on day 15. Timed enucleation experiments demonstrated that the immune rejection of disseminated tumor cells occurred within 24-48 hr of their arrival at the various organs. The immune rejection of spontaneous metastases could be adoptively transferred to immunodeficient tumor-bearing mice using spleen cells, but not immune serum, from intraocular tumor-bearing immunocompetent donors. Selective cell depletion experiments revealed that the immune spleen cell effecting immunity was an Lyt 1+, 2+ T cell. The results indicate that the immune rejection of the spontaneous metastases arising from primary intraocular tumors is a T cell-dependent, radiosensitive process that rapidly eliminates metastases within the lungs, brain, thymus, and the spleen of the immunocompetent host.
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PMID:Immune rejection of metastases arising from intraocular tumors in mice. 309 27

To identify sequences associated with a metastatic phenotype, DNA fragments isolated from 2 separate human colon carcinoma metastases were transfected into a mouse bladder carcinoma cell line together with the neoR gene as selectable marker. It was found that bulk populations of neomycin resistant cells carrying these human sequences caused more metastases in syngeneic mice than did control cells transfected with calf thymus DNA. Cells isolated from metastases retained the highly metastatic phenotype when transferred to secondary hosts.
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PMID:Selective enhancement of metastatic capacity in mouse bladder carcinoma cells after transfection with DNA from liver metastases of human colon carcinoma. 316 81

Carcinomas histologically resembling nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma have been identified in the salivary gland, thymus, tonsil, and uterine cervix. Five patients with similar tumors primary in the skin are described. The patients ranged in age from 50 to 81 yr. Four neoplasms were situated on the head, and one was located on the shoulder. Microscopically, they were concentrated in the mid- and deep dermis and lacked connections with epidermis. The pattern was of multiple nodules, smaller irregular islands, and cords. The uniform tumor cells had moderate amounts of lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with one or two prominent nucleoli. A lymphoid infiltrate was intimately associated with each neoplasm and obscured the malignant epithelium in one. Neither squamous nor glandular differentiation was present, but all tumors exhibited intracytoplasmic mucin. Immunohistochemistry was positive for cytokeratin (5 of 5; diffuse) and epithelial membrane antigen (4 of 5; 3 diffuse, 1 focal). Focal reactivity was also noted for carcinoembryonic antigen (1 of 5), neuron-specific enolase (1 of 5), and vimentin (1 of 5). S100 protein, leukocyte common antigen, Factor VIII-related antigen, prostate-specific antigen (males), Leu M1, and salivary amylase reactivity were absent. One patient developed local recurrence and metastases after 39 mo and was dead of disease at 57 mo. The remaining four were free of disease after 46, 27, 25, and 6 mo of follow-up. The diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin is based on microscopic findings and exclusion of occult malignancy. The tumor can be confused with a lymphoid infiltrate and is differentiated from Merkel cell carcinoma primarily on cytologic grounds. The neoplasm may be of adnexal origin.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin. 323 11


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