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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Information on metastases from carcinoma of the mammary gland in an autopsy study of 707 cases occurring in white women over a 15-year period are presented and tabulated. Multiple primary cancers occurred in 19% of the cases. Of the 137 cases that exhibit more than one neoplastic malignancy, 31 (23%) were present in the contralateral mammary gland. Seventy patients had no metastasis from the mammary cancer at the time of death, and 55 of these patients had another cancer. Additional information has been added concerning the frequency of metastasis in parathyroid and thymus. When a parathyroid contains a metastasis, extensive metastases were noted in many organs and thus represents a late stage of the cancer.
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PMID:Metastases from carcinoma of mammary gland: an autopsy study. 45 15

We studied the effect of thyroxine treatment on tumor growth and metastases resulting from tumor implants on the hind feet of mice in two syngeneic systems. In control, untreated A/Jax mice, tumor Sarcoma 1 at Day 14 after implantation had average tumor weight of 582 +/- 60 (S.D.) mg and showed an incidence of 57% metastases to regional popliteal nodes and 5% metastases to thymus. In contrast, the thyroxine-treated group (40 microgram/mouse s.c., 5 times/week for 1 month) had an average tumor weight of 808 +/- 56 mg (p less than 0.001), and metastases to popliteal nodes and thymus were 90 and 35%, respectively. In another syngeneic tumor system, Lewis fibrosarcoma was implanted in C57BL/6J mice, and the tumor weight and metastatic index (derived from the number and size of the pulmonary tumor foci) were determined at Day 28. Again, the synthetic L-thyroxine treated group showed a significant enhancement tumor growth and metastatic index. The mean tumor weight in the treated group was 385 +/- 26 mg (control, 694 +/- 25 mg; p less than 0.005) and metastatic index was 84 +/- 29 (control, 30 +/- 25; p less than 0.001). Induced hypothyroidism (treatment with 131I, 100 microCi/mouse i.p.) showed the reverse effect on both tumor systems. These results suggest that both tumor systems are dependent on thyroid hormones for their growth and spread.
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PMID:Enhancing effect of thyroxine on tumor growth and metastases in syngeneic mouse tumor systems. 47 77

Morphohistochemical and morphometric assays of the thymus from 40 persons, died as a result of cancer of various localizations, demonstrated a reliable diminishing in size of Hassell's corpuscles, the constant presence of blast thymocytes, an increased content of PAS-positive cells, reticuloepithelial dystrophy. Under lymphogenic metastasization and adrenal metastases the thymus may also increase its bulk. Some alternative changes in the thymus when involved by metastases are described.
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PMID:[Morphological changes in the human thymus in cancer]. 51 58

Eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior mediastinum, most likely derived from the thymus, are presented. Seven were male and one female ranging in age from 39 to 65 years; the average was 55.5 years. There were no cases associated with any paraneoplastic syndromes. They possessed common morphological characteristics. Grossly, the tumors resembled malignant thymoma. Invasion of the lung and metastases to regional lymph nodes were frequent. Often observed microscopically were foci of sharply defined keratinization resembling Hassall's corpuscles, no radial arrangement of tumor cells at the periphery of nests, and broad, fibrotic, or hyalinized stroma. Admixture of a few lymphoid cells and some features transitional to thymoma were also observed in some parts of tumors. However, undoubtedly carcinomatous areas were present in some or large parts of all the tumors, where individual cells possessed a vesicular nucleus and a prominent round nucleolus. These features were distinct from those of bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma and other thymic tumors, although they appeared to be related to thymoma. Treatment of choice is radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, because of relatively high radiosensitivity. Prognosis of patients was relatively good. From analyses of cases it is concluded that squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus should be separated from ordinary thymoma of the epithelial type, and that squamous cell carcinoma involving both the thymus and lungs should be carefully examined for the primary site of growth.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus. An analysis of eight cases. 60 73

In a review of histologic sections of regional lymph nodes removed during surgery in the course of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix from 84 patients there have been distinguished four basic stages of immunologic response. Active immune response (I and II stage) was detected in all patients with non-metastatic cancer and minimal stromal invasion and 41% of patients with advanced invasion. The regional lymph nodes, in these cases, exhibited increased number of small primary or secondary lymph follicles, proliferative sinus histiocytosis and expanded thymus--dependent inner cortex. In 59% of the patients with invasive cancer but without metastases the regional lymph nodes showed weak reactive capacities (III stage). In cases with minimal metastases the immune response was dissociated (IV stage). One group of lymph nodes showed an unstimulated pattern and others a high stimulated pattern.
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PMID:Stages of development of immunologic response in the regional lymph nodes in invasive cancer of the uterine cervix. 60 6

Experiments were undertaken to test the hypothesis that a major component of BCG contact-induced inhibition of syngeneic tumour growth in rats is not dependent on the participation of thymus-processed (T) cells. Hosts were deprived of T cells by thymectomy followed by either lethal irradiation (850 rad) and bone marrow reconstitution, or repeated whole body irradiation to a total dose of 1,000 rad. After 6 weeks had elapsed to allow for bone marrow restitution, rats were challenged with trypsinized sarcoma cells admixed with Glaxo strain BCG. For sarcoma P7, host T-cell deprivation did not significantly diminish the capacity of BCG to prevent the progressive development of this neoplasm from an inoculum of one million cells. Under similar conditions, the incidence of sarcoma CC5 development in maximally deprived hosts was significantly greater (7/19) than in normal controls (1/16) (P is less than 0.05), but the majority of rats (58%) did not succomb to tumour outgrowth. In the case of a third neoplasm--a spontaneously metastasizing fibrosarcoma (P8)--the effect of BCG on primary tumour development was comparable in normal and deprived recipients and was limited to temporary arrest as distinct from complete inhibition. Assessment of the influence of BCG on lung metastases was more complex since the extent of metastatic disease from subcutaneous tumour cells alone was greater in deprived rats than in normal rats. It is concluded that T-cell participation is not a major requirement for BCG contact-induced inhibition in this system and some implications for the mechanism of action are discussed.
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PMID:Inhibition of transplanted sarcomas mediated by BCG in rats with a defined immunological deficit. 77 43

Two hemopoietic tumors induced in rats by Gross leukemia virus and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, respectively, display distinctive and consistent patterns of metastases, the former in the thymus and lymph nodes, the latter in the liver and spleen. To investigate the role of circulatory anatomy in the localization of metastases, 51Cr-labeled cells were injected i.v., and their distribution was followed at various intervals. To explore the influence of immune mechanisms, Gross leukemia virus- and dimethylbenza(a)anthracene-induced leukemic cells as well as a line of antigenically modulated cells were administered to newborn, X-irradiated, and immunologically unresponsive recipients. The circulation of tumor cells through various organs was indiscriminate. The immune response of the host was operative in limiting the local and metastatic tumor growth but not in determining the site of secondary tumors. The conclusion of these experiments was that the selective organ distribution of tumor metastases was solely dependent on intrinsic cellular properties.
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PMID:Role of immune mechanisms in metastatic patterns of hemopoietic tumors in rats. 81 34

Challenge of C57(nu/nu) mice with an MCA-induced sarcoma, MCG101, induced in C57BL/6J mice, disclosed a higher resistence subcutaneously and intravenously than in syngenic C57/(+/+) mice. Transfer of 5 X 10(7) thymus cells to the nude mice brought their resistance to subcutaneously injected tumour cells back to the level of the C57/(+/+) mice, but only with the highest tumour cell doses tested, i.e. 5 X 10(4) and 10(5) cells. Against intravenously injected tumour cells a similar effect by the thymus cells was only suggested. Spontaneous metastases from the same tumour transplanted to the tail did occur in the nude mice and were possibly facilitated by specifically sensitized spleen cells. The results indicate that the resistance to subcutaneously injected tumour cells in nude mice may well be dependent on their incapability to develop thymus-dependent immuno-responses and that spontaneous metastases can be facilitated by a weak immuno-response.
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PMID:Transplantability and metastasibility of an MCA-induced sarcoma in nude mice. Influence of transfer of thymus cells and adoptive immunity. 92 Jan 88

TFX (Thymus Factor X) extract from calf thymuses, was given for the first time in Poland to the patient suffering from advanced rectal cancer with perforation to the peritoneal cavity, diffuse fecal peritonitis and multiple metastases to the liver. The immunological, clinical and histopathological observations of the patient for the period of 12 months of treatment are presented. The patient was given the biologically active thymus extract in the total amount of 14.2 mg in 34 subcutaneous injections initially in single dose of 0.1 mg and later on in amount of 0.5 mg. The remarkable restoration of the immunological reactivity of the patient from a total energy to the state of hyperreactivity has to be emphasized. It has been confirmed by the delayed hypersensitivity skin tests (Rt-23, PHA), the increase of the number of RFC (TEa and TEt rosette test with the SRBC), the diminishing of the autolymphocytotoxicity of the peripheral lymphocytes (evaluated by DTL) and also by the high level of the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The improvement of the clinical condition of the patient consisted in total regression of the inflammatory and functional changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and also in the renal function. The regular rectal endoscopic examinations of the patient revealed the diminished size of the tumor and its unusual appearance described as an induration and sharp delimitation from the surrounding tissues. The histological examinations performed 5 times during the observation period of 11 months revaled the essential changes in the structure of the growth: the marked increase of the stroma with the signs of active proliferation, foci calcification and ossification. These changes were interpreted as extremely rare in the rectal cancer stroma and are considered to represent dystrophic calcification at the neoplastic foci followed by ossification. It should be also pointed out that twelve months survival of the patient with advanced rectal cancer and multiple metastases to the liver represents an unusually long rate in comparison to that generally accepted in the literature for this grade of rectal cancer advancement.
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PMID:Immunological and patho-clinical observations of a patient with rectal carcinoma after long term administration of thymic extract (TFX). 99 56

In vitro lymphocyte reactivity (LR) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and peripheral blood thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T cell) levels were determined in 42 tumor-bearing patients with clinically operable melanoma and were compared to 41 age-matched normal controls. Patients with tumors clinically confined to the primary site (Stage I) as a group had normal immune reactivity and T cell levels, and those with regional metastases by clinical assessment (Stage II) had relatively impaired LR and T cell levels. In six of 24 patients with clinical Stage II tumors, widespread metastases (Stage III) subsequently were found. The severe immune defects in this group with occult disseminated melanoma accounted for the impaired LR and low T cell levels in the group with clinical Stage II tumors. Although overlapping levels of LR and T cells in the patients with pathological Stage II and III tumors prevent use of the data as a determinant of tumor extent in individual patients, the results show that these in vitro assays define a relation between cellular immunocompetence and tumor burden in patients with melanoma.
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PMID:In vitro lymphocyte reactivity and T cell levels in patients with melanoma: correlations with clinical and pathological stage. 108 75


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