Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ultrastructural appearances of 7 primitive neuroepithelial tumours (PNETs) originating in soft tissues and bone are described. Three of the tumours represented primary soft tissue lesions, while locally recurrent tumour or pulmonary metastases were studied from the 4 skeletal tumours, all of which had been diagnosed previously as Ewing's sarcomas. Rosettes were present in one of the soft tissue lesions and although not seen in the primary skeletal neoplasms, they were identified by light microscopy (LM) in 2 of 3 pulmonary metastases, one of which had the morphology of a neuroepithelioma, with innumerable Homer Wright rosettes. Conventional TEM revealed cytoplasmic processes in all cases and rosettes in varying stages of development were also evident, but the appearances did not achieve the level of cellular organization seen in neuroblastoma: microtubules were few, while dense-core granules varied in number but were generally sparse and pleomorphic, resembling lysosomes. However, typical neurosecretory granules were found in one lung metastasis; the neoplastic cells comprising the same tumour also had epithelial markers in the form of well constructed desmosomes, while freeze-fracture analysis demonstrated elaborate tight junctions. In thin sections, junctions in the other tumours appeared rudimentary, but freeze-fracture of a further case revealed small collections of membrane particles suggesting extremely poorly developed desmosomes. Immunocytochemical study of 4 tumours (2 originating in soft tissue and 2 in bone) demonstrated weak to moderate immunostaining for neurone-specific enolase and with several monoclonal antibodies reactive with neuroblastomas, but there was no evidence of immunolabelling for tyrosine hydroxylase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Primitive neuroepithelial tumours of soft tissues and of bone: further ultrastructural and immunocytochemical clarification of 'Ewing's sarcoma', including freeze-fracture analysis. 264 32

The need for high dose radioiodine for ablation of remnants in patients with thyroid cancer is still in question. We compared the effectiveness of high and low dose 131I for ablation in patients in a prospective randomized study after surgical thyroidectomy. Twenty patients with differentiated pT2-3NoMo thyroid cancer were studied. The uptake was 5%-10% at 24 h. Ten patients received 100 mCi, the others 30 mCi 131I. Three months later all patients received a therapeutic dose of 150 mCi 131I. Another twenty patients with known distant metastases (pulmonary and/or bone) of differentiated thyroid cancer were studied. The remnant uptake was between 4%-10%. Ten patients received 300 mCi and ten 30 mCi 131I as ablation dose. Three months later all received 300 mCi 131I. The uptake at day seven was calculated for the same metastases from a whole body scan after both treatments. If effective ablation was defined as 24 h uptake in the remnant of less than 1%, then the ablation was effective in eight out of ten of the high dose and in seven out of ten of the low dose group. In pT2-3, N X M1 patients the ablation was effective in seven out of ten cases in both groups. If "effective" ablation was defined as an uptake of less than 0.5%, then the ablation was effective both in NoMo and in N X M1 patients in five out of ten with low dose and in six out of ten with high dose ablation treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:High or low dose radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants? 356 38

Scintigraphic imaging due to its sensitivity is in many cases one of the most powerful techniques for demonstrating metastases. Severe limitations still exist in cancer when it is necessary to detect the presence of a few tumour cells in the residual minimal disease. In preliminary experiments it had been observed that an immunomodulator isolated from Nocardia bacteria (Nocardia Soluble Peptidoglycan Derivative: NSPD) electively bound to a model of activated macrophages. An hypothesis has been put forward that the enhanced detection of macrophages that are usually present in the vicinity or inside tumours should represent a polyspecific test for scintigraphy of a variety of metastases. NSPD radiolabelled with 99mTechnetium is not usable when injected intravenously due to its physiochemical properties. It has therefore been encapsulated into liposomes then administered via the respiratory tract as an aerosol. Amphiphilic properties, as well as its low molecular weight allow a rapid diffusion of NSPD in blood. Scintigraphy of metastases was possible from 1.5 to 6 hours after inhalation. The first stage of the study was carried out on 5 patients bearing known metastases (skin, lymph nodes, bone) from malignant melanoma that all were imaged with 99mTc-NSPD. The test was then applied to patients with a high risk of recurrent cancers (melanoma: 6, breast tumour: 7) based on the detection in their plasmas of high Lipid Associated Sialic Acid (LASA) concentrations. The association of these two sensitive techniques has resulted in the detection of very small metastases that were not seen using conventional scintigraphy; they were then confirmed histologically.
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PMID:An original method for submacroscopic metastases visualization in cases of cancer minimal residual disease. 358 May 8

We assessed the results of treatment in 283 patients with lung or bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma who were followed for up to 40 yr (median, 44 months) after the discovery of the metastases. The survival rates from the time of discovery of the metastases were 53% at 5 yr, 38% at 10 yr, and 30% at 15 yr; 156 patients died. Multivariate analysis revealed that only 4 variables had an independent prognostic significance for survival. They were extensive metastases, older age at discovery of the metastases, absence of radioiodine uptake by the metastases, and moderately differentiated follicular cell type. The site of metastases (lung or bone) was not a prognostic factor for survival after treatment of metastatic disease. Remission was achieved in 79 patients after metastases were found. The only predictive factor for 5-yr disease-free survival after treatment of metastases was the initial extent of disease. Our results suggest that the aim of management should be to detect and treat metastases in patients with thyroid cancer as early as possible.
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PMID:Long-term results of treatment of 283 patients with lung and bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 374 9

Cancer of the prostate is a tumor of older men (average age 71 years). Since 1975, in the Federal Republic of Germany the mortality rate of prostatic cancer has not further increased in men over 50 years of age. Its letality rate averages 50%. Since the introduction of the early cancer detection program for men in 1971, carcinomas of the prostate are identified at an yearly increasing rate. In more than 50% of men over the age of 80 latent cancer of the prostate is present. Early prostatic carcinoma primarily spreads intraprostatically and will usually not metastasize after having extended beyond the capsule of the organ. Following lymphatic spread to the regional pelvic lymph nodes, osseous metastases will occur (lumbar vertebral column and pelvic bone) through blood circulation. Only in a late stage lungs and liver will be involved. Cancer of the prostate is staged according to the TNM system. Microscopical diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma is today possible with the same diagnostic accuracy histologically as well as cytologically. The transrectal aspiration biopsy procedure for the cytological diagnosis is followed by nearly no complications and is less distressing for the patient than the punch biopsy. A prognostically valid grading of tumor malignancy is possible by histological as well as by cytological investigation. The prognosis of treated grade I patients is not reduced in comparison to that of healthy males of the same age. Precancerous lesions in the prostate have not yet been ascertained. The effectiveness of radio-therapy applied to prostatic cancer can histologically and cytologically be controlled at the earliest 1 year after discontinuation of therapy
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PMID:[Pathology and epidemiology of prostatic cancer]. 670 80

Forty-four follicular thyroid neoplasms followed for a minimum of 10 years are presented. The cases were divided into four categories: follicular adenoma (19 cases), encapsulated follicular carcinoma (7 cases), invasive follicular carcinoma (11 cases), and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (7 cases). The former two tumor types were distinguished by the presence of capsular invasion in encapsulated follicular carcinoma (which was defined as lacking extension into the surrounding thyroid) and by the frequent thinness of the capsule in follicular adenoma, while the latter two (which both infiltrated adjacent thyroid or extrathyroid tissue) were separated primarily on the basis of the tendency toward vesicular and hypochromatic nuclear staining in the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, but with consideration of a number of other factors in addition. No patient with follicular adenoma had any further difficulty after removal of the lesion. Metastasis to cervical lymph nodes occurred in five cases of the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, but there were no distant metastases or deaths due to tumor. By contrast, three patients with encapsulated follicular carcinoma and nine with invasive follicular carcinoma died of tumor, and all of these had distant metastasis (most often to bone). Local recurrence was seen only in invasive follicular carcinoma (six cases).
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PMID:Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid. A study of 44 cases followed for a minimum of 10 years, with emphasis on differential diagnosis. 673 84

In an examination of the biologic differences between neuroblastoma Stage IV-S (metastases to liver, skin, or bone marrow but not to bone), which has a high likelihood of spontaneous regression, and Stage IV (metastases to bone), which is usually fatal, 13 children with Stage IV-S disease and 17 with Stage IV were studied at diagnosis or shortly thereafter. Serum ferritin levels were elevated in 15 of the 17 children with Stage IV diseases, but not in the 13 with Stage IV-S. E-rosette inhibitory factor was not present in the serum of 12 of 13 Stage IV-S patients, but was detected in 12 of 17 Stage IV patients. All 12 Stage IV patients with inhibitory factor was not present in the serum of 12 of 13 Stage IV-S patients, but was detected in 12 of 17 Stage IV patients. All 12 Stage IV patients with inhibitory factor had elevated serum ferritin levels. Elevated ferritin levels and E-rosette inhibitory factor appear to distinguish Stage IV neuroblastoma from Stage IV-S.
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PMID:Biologic differences between neuroblastoma stages IV-S and IV. Measurement of serum ferritin and E-rosette inhibition in 30 children. 725 80

Forty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were reviewed. The patients were treated at either the Southern California Permanente Medical Group or the UCLA Medical Center. Thirty-eight patients (90%) had early lesions and 4 (10%) had late disease (involving the nodes or bone). The following conclusions were formed from this study: (1) Patients without bone destruction or lymph node metastases will do well with either irradiation or surgery. Those with bone destruction or lymph node metastases will do poorly in spite of radical treatment. (2) Early lesions can often be cured with either partial rhinectomy or irradiation. (3) A surgical recurrence following partial rhinectomy can be salvaged with irradiation. (4) A radiation recurrence of an early lesion can be salvaged with surgery. (5) The routine use of total rhinectomy for early carcinoma or radiation failure is unwarranted. (6) Other primary cancers are not uncommon when followup is extended to the 5- to 10-year interval.
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PMID:The management of carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. 730 30

One hundred and forty adult patients with advanced sarcomas (125 soft tissue and 15 bone) were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC). There were 21 (15%) complete and 45 (32%) partial responders, with an overall response rate of 47%. The response rate was 50% (17% complete) for patients with soft tissue sarcomas compared with 20% (none complete) for patients with bone sarcomas. The median duration of response was 9.5 months (range, 1-40+ months) for complete responders and 7 months (range, 1-31 months) for partial responders. The median time to achieve response was 9 weeks and the median number of courses of therapy to response was three. The median survival time was 16 months for responders compared with 7 months for nonresponders (P = 0.001). The most responsive tumor types were neurofibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. Pulmonary and soft tissue metastases were more responsive than bone and liver metastases. CYVADIC toxicity was predominantly limited to myelosuppression, vomiting, fever of unknown origin, and neuropathy. CYVADIC is an effective combination chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced sarcomas.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC) combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced sarcomas. 737 60

The efficacy of radionuclide bone scans in monitoring metastatic bone activity remains controversial. Objective measurement of bone tumor burden would be useful for the evaluation of new therapies for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. The recent discovery of the urinary excretion of pyridinoline (cross-link of mature collagen found in cartilage and bone) and deoxypyridinoline (collagen cross-link specific to bone) measured by high pressure liquid chromatography has provided sensitive specific indexes of cartilage and bone breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases. We compared the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline,pyridinoline and hydroxyproline relative to urinary creatinine (nmol./mmol.creatinine) in 27 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (patient age 70.0 +/- 8.5 years, standard deviation), 29 with clinically confined prostate cancer (age 70.2 +/- 9.7 years), and 26 with prostate cancer and bone metastases (age 71.1 +/- 7.7 years). No diurnal variation of deoxypyridinoline or pyridinoline urinary excretion was detected in 5 patients with metastases. Urinary excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline was significantly greater in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate compared with patients with either benign prostatic hyperplasia (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank sum analysis, p < 0.00004 and 0.002, respectively) or localized prostate cancer (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, p < 0.00001 and 0.00005, respectively). Urinary hydroxyproline levels failed to separate the 3 groups. Pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline excretion in prostate cancer patients with metastases directly correlated with bone scan Soloway scores (r = 0.55, p < 0.005 and r = 0.57, p < 0.004 respectively), whereas serum prostate specific antigen did not (r = 0.36, p = 0.08). Serial measurements of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline progressively increased in 3 patients with clinical progression documented by new metastatic lesions by bone scan. Measurement of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline excretion cannot diagnose metastatic disease. However, these markers should be evaluated further for quantitative assessment of bone metastases.
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PMID:Collagen cross-link metabolites in urine as markers of bone metastases in prostatic carcinoma. 751 Mar 46


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