Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From June 1977 through June 1993, ninety-five patients with testicular seminoma were treated in our center. This paper reports on 67 assessable patients--52 with stage I and 15 with non-bulky stage II disease. Median follow-up is 8 years (range: 4-16 years). Postorchiectomy radiotherapy consisted in 30 Gy (1.5 Gy/day) precautionary treatment to ipsilateral hemipelvis and paraaortic nodes (stage I) or 40-45 Gy to the same area plus 25.5-30 Gy prophylactic irradiation to mediastinum and supraclavicular fossae (stage II). Ten-year actuarial survival is 100%-96.8% +/- 2.2 considering deaths from other diseases. Ten-year disease-free survival is 95.3% +/- 2.6. The 3 relapsed patients were rescued with chemotherapy or radiotherapy (1 and 2 cases, respectively). Acute side-effects were nausea (30% of cases) and vomiting (18%) which disappeared after oral antiemetics. Late toxicity-asymptomatic osteolysis of the ipsilateral pubic region--was observed in 1 patient only (1.5%) who received cobalt therapy to inguinal canal and hemiscrotum (40.5 Gy in 27 fractions). The current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to testicular seminoma are discussed. In stage I the conventional treatment is low-dose (20-25 Gy) subdiaphragmatic radiotherapy and a policy of surveillance is justified only for clinical trials. In non-bulky stage II disease lumboaortic and hemipelvic irradiation (36-40 Gy) is the treatment of choice whereas precautionary irradiation should not be given to the mediastinum. If abdominal CT scans show nodal metastases, chest CT is necessary for staging instead of chest X-ray films. When abdominal CT findings are negative or questionable, bi-pedal lymphography must be performed. Residual testis US should be the routine examination for the early diagnosis of metachronous contralateral seminoma. The semen should be tested for further storage and sexual functions should be accurately analyzed to distinguish between organic and psychologic causes. Although limited, our experience demonstrates the good prognosis of this condition and the optimal tolerance in testicular seminoma patients even with a radiotherapy regimen which is now considered suboptimal, though it was the standard about 10 years ago.
 ...
PMID:[Testicular seminoma in stages I and II non-bulky. 16 years' experience]. 804 42

Systemic chemotherapy with currently available agents has not improved survival for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), consequently, the evaluation of new agents is warranted. Topotecan is a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase I with broad antitumor activity in preclinical studies. The purpose of this phase II trial was to determine the objective response rate of topotecan administered as a 30 minute infusion for five consecutive days in men with metastatic HRPC. Thirty-four evaluable patients were treated with topotecan 1.1-1.5 mg/m2 as a 30 minute infusion daily for five days, repeated every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Response was assessed with a combination of standard solid tumor response criteria and the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) for patients with bidimensionally measurable disease, and by serial measurements of the PSA in patients with bone only (evaluable) disease. One of 13 patients (7.6%) with measurable soft tissue disease had a PR in nodal sites. Of 21 patients with only osseous metastases, 1 (4.7%) had improvement in bone scan. Six of the 34 evaluable patients (17.6%) had the serum PSA decrease by > or = 50% and 2 (5.8%) had PSA decreases of > or = 75%. Toxicity was chiefly hematologic with 66% of patients experiencing Grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia. Thirty-nine percent of cycles required a delay to allow for hematologic recovery and ten patients required red cell transfusions. Non-hematologic toxicity, mainly nausea and alopecia, was mild. Topotecan administered at this dose and schedule has limited activity in patients with HRPC. Further trials of topo I inhibition in HRPC should utilize alternative schedules of topotecan (e.g., prolonged infusion) or other camptothecin analogs with more potent topo I inhibitory activity.
 ...
PMID:Phase II study of topotecan in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. 872 52

The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings in 25 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph nodes (IPT) are presented. The patients were 13 women and 12 men between 8 and 81 years of age. Clinically, symptoms of prior infection, fatigue, abdominal pain, weight loss, fever of unknown origin, pelvic inflammatory disease, or nausea and night sweats were obtained in 15 patients, whereas six patients presented with asymptomatic lymphadenopathy. In four additional patients, no clinical information was obtained. The involved nodes included cervical, supraclavicular, inguinal, mesenteric, and mediastinal lymph nodes. In two cases, there was synchronous involvement of separate lymph node groups (inguinal and cervical in one case and cervical and mediastinal in another case), whereas in a third patient there was synchronous involvement of the spleen and a paraaortic lymph node. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by a fibrosing/inflammatory process that showed marked heterogeneity and striking variation from case to case. Based on their histological features, the lesions could be classified into three different groups: Stage I was characterized by the appearance of single or multiple small foci containing a spindle cell proliferation admixed with a prominent inflammatory background, with complete preservation of the remainder of the nodal architecture; stage II was characterized by more diffuse involvement of the lymph node with a marked inflammatory response admixed with a prominent myofibroblastic proliferation leading to subtotal effacement of the nodal architecture, often with extension of the process beyond the capsule into perinodal fat; and stage III was characterized by almost complete replacement of the lymph node by diffuse sclerosis with scant residual inflammatory elements and total loss of the normal nodal architecture. Immunohistochemical studies in 20 cases showed a striking number of vimentin- and actin-positive myofibroblastic cells with moderate increase in CD20/CD45+ small lymphocytes and polyclonal plasma cells in the stage I lesions, the emergence of numerous CD68+ histiocytes admixed with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and abundant fibromyofibroblastic cells in the stage II lesions, and only few remaining scattered CD68+ histiocytes and fibroblasts in the stage III lesions. Our findings suggest that inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph node represents an evolving, dynamic process that may adopt different morphological appearances depending on its stage of evolution. Recognition of the various stages of this process may be of importance for differential diagnosis with other fibrosing/inflammatory conditions of lymph nodes.
 ...
PMID:Inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph nodes: a study of 25 cases with emphasis on morphological heterogeneity. 904 98

We have studied, as part of a group of international multicenter phase II clinical trials, the toxicity and effectiveness of CAMPATH1H administered intravenously three times a week in an outpatient setting to patients with recurrent or progressive low grade lymphoma. We report here on the toxicity and therapeutic results of the first seven patients treated before the study was closed prematurely because of unacceptable toxicity. Classical complete or partial responses of treatment were seen in three of seven patients. One complete response lasted 8.5 months and the other complete response is ongoing at 1 year. Responses occurred in nodal sites as well as in skin and peripheral blood. The first three or four antibody infusions in each patient was associated with grade 1 or 2 side-effects including rigor, fever, facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, hives, wheezes, hypotension, and/or diarrhea but these subsequently decreased or disappeared. The most significant toxicity was profound lymphopenia and associated infection, usually viral. Six of seven patients had culture or serologically documented infections and four patients had two or more such episodes. All infections responded to temporary discontinuation of antibody therapy and appropriate antiviral or antibiotic agents. We conclude that CAMPATH1H monoclonal antibody has therapeutic activity against low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but that this activity is limited by marked lymphopenia and an unacceptably high frequency of serious infection at the dose and schedule used in this trial.
 ...
PMID:Immunosuppressive toxicity of CAMPATH1H monoclonal antibody in the treatment of patients with recurrent low grade lymphoma. 904 65

In Japan, 5-FU/5-FU derivatives or the combination therapy of CAF (cyclophosphamide, CPA; adriamycin, ADM; 5-fluorouracil; 5-FU) have been commonly used for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Recently, a combination of CEF (CPA; Epirubicin, EPI; 5-FU) has come to the stage of adjuvant setting, because the cardiotoxicity was reduced in EPI. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of 6 cycles of CEF (CPA 700 mg/m2, EPI 70 mg/m2, 5-FU 700 mg/m2; day 1 iv every 3-4 weeks) in the adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer patients with nodal involvements. All 12 patients completed 6 cycles of CEF within 8 months. The median treatment duration was 6.2 months. More than Grade III side effects of neutropenia, nausea/vomiting and alopecia were observed in 7/12 (58.3%), 5/12 (41.7%) and 12/12 (100%), respectively. No serious side effects, including cardiotoxicity, were shown. CEF seems to be feasible regimen as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:[The feasibility of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-FU) regimen in the adjuvant setting of primary breast cancer]. 912 4

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the acute gastrointestinal morbidity of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for Stage I seminoma of the testis. Ten Stage I patients receiving para-aortic and ipsilateral pelvic nodal (dog-leg) RT provided a toxicity baseline (group A). Twenty Stage I patients, randomized to dog-leg RT or para-aortic RT (10 per group) were further randomized to received prophylactic ondansetron or expectant therapy with metoclopramide (group B). Daily patient-completed questionnaires evaluated acute toxicity. In group A (n = 10), nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort were experienced in 90%, 80%, 70% and 90% respectively. Antiemetic and antidiarrhoeal agents were required in 70% and 10% respectively, with good response. For group B (n = 20), the overall incidences of nausea, vomiting diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort were 80%, 45%, 60% and 80% respectively. The ondansetron group experienced less nausea (P = 0.02) and less vomiting (P = 0.06). Both reduced field size and ondansetron groups appeared to have less diarrhoea (P = 0.06). The use of antiemetics in the expectant therapy groups resulted in at least a two-level reduction of toxicity grade in 86% of patients. A high incidence of lethargy, anorexia and headaches was noted for all groups. The incidence of headaches was not increased with ondansetron. Dog-leg RT for Stage I seminomas is associated with readily demonstrable gastrointestinal tract (GIT) toxicity. The number of patients in this study is too small to produce definitive results, but there appears to be reduced GIT toxicity with prophylactic antiemetics. The effect of reduced RT fields has been assessed further in the MRC randomized trial of field sizes (TE10).
 ...
PMID:The effect of antiemetics and reduced radiation fields on acute gastrointestinal morbidity of adjuvant radiotherapy in stage I seminoma of the testis: a randomized pilot study. 931 92

A 77-year-old woman complaining of anorexia and nausea was referred to the hospital with a diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer. The patient also had congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation and severe hypoproteinemia. Proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and other laboratory data suggested that she had nephrotic syndrome. Total protein level was 4.6 g/dl and albumin level was 1.6 g/dl. In order to avoid postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence, anastomotic leakage and so on, careful pre- and post-operative management of nephrotic syndrome is necessary. Administration of albumin and fresh frozen plasma regimen was continued after the operation. Urinary protein level started to decrease after subtotal gastrectomy. Histological examination revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with nodal metastases. Her post-operative course was uneventful. Although the signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome did not improve immediately, twelve months after operation she has become well and has no symptoms of ascites and hypoproteinemia.
 ...
PMID:A case of gastric cancer with nephrotic syndrome. 978

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) may have numerous electro-physiologic mechanisms. The most common type of SVT is AV-nodal reentry tachycardia (60%) followed by the bypass tract-mediated SVT (preexcitation. 30%) and a smaller group (10%) comprising paroxysmal atrial flutter or fibrillation and atrial ectopic tachycardia. In persons with otherwise normal hearts symptoms are usually mild and include palpitations or an uneasy feeling in the chest. But some describe precordial pain. Weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and even syncope. Whenever possible a 12-lead-ECG during an episode of SVT should be obtained. If not possible the use of several Holter-ECG or of an event-recorder may be helpful. Conversion of a SVT can be accomplished by vagal maneuvers or intravenous adenosine (6-18 mg bolus injection). Further diagnostic procedures should prove or rule out a significant structural heart disease. Therapeutic options (expectative, pharmacological prophylaxis, invasive electrophysiologic testing and catheter-mediated modification or ablation) are chosen according to the objective threat (e.g. ventricular fibrillation due to 1:1 conducted atrial fibrillation in a preexcitation syndrome) and the subjective complaints. Definitive healing of the AV-nodal reentry tachycardia and the bypass tract-mediated SVT can be achieved by use of catheter-mediated modification or ablation in 95 to nearly 100%.
 ...
PMID:[Modern therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]. 1009 47

A recent meta-analysis and randomized studies have demonstrated that combined chemoradiotherapy is associated with a survival advantage for selected patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a phase II study of combined chemoradiotherapy to find a more effective combination of drugs and radiation than those previously reported for such patients. Between January 1994 and November 1996, 50 previously untreated patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC (stage IIIA with N2 or IIIB disease) were entered in this study. Patients were required to have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 2, age < or = 75 years and adequate organ function. Treatment consisted of three cycles of cisplatin (20 mg m(-2), days 1-5) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500 mg m(-2), days 1-5) every 4 weeks, and concurrent hyperfractionated thoracic radiation (1.25 Gy twice daily, with a 6-h interfraction interval; total radiation dose, 62.5-70 Gy). Of the 50 patients entered, 37 (74%) responded to this chemoradiotherapy, including two (4%) with complete response. By a median follow-up time of 41.0 months, 35 patients had died and 15 were still alive. The median time to progression for responding patients was 14.1 months (range, 2.6-51.3+ months). The median survival time was 18.7 months, with a survival rate of 66.0% at 1 year, 46.0% at 2 years and 27.6% at 3 years. Survival outcome was strongly affected by the extent of nodal involvement (median survival time, 27.4 months for N0-2 disease (n = 37) vs 10.7 months for N3 disease (n = 13); P = 0.007). The major toxicities of treatment were leukopenia and neutropenia (> or = Grade 3, 58% and 60% respectively). Other toxicities of > or = Grade 3 included thrombocytopenia (26%), anaemia (26%), nausea/vomiting (16%) and radiation oesophagitis (6%). Treatment-related death occurred for one patient. Our findings suggest that cisplatin and 5-FU in combination with concurrent hyperfractionated thoracic radiation is effective and feasible for the treatment of locally advanced unresectable NSCLC. The short-term survival in this study appeared to be more encouraging than those of similar chemoradiation trials. A randomized trial will be needed to compare the combination of cisplatin and 5-FU with other platinum-based regimens together with concurrent hyperfractionated thoracic radiation. In addition, in future studies, inclusion criteria for N3 disease with or without supraclavicular involvement should be reconsidered to correctly evaluate the effect of combined chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced unresectable NSCLC.
 ...
PMID:A phase II study of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with concurrent hyperfractionated thoracic radiation for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a preliminary report from the Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group. 1063 75

A multi-center, randomized controlled collaborative study was conducted in 310 institutions located thruoughout Japan for 3 years and 9 months from February 1985 until October 1988 to evaluate the efficacy of post-operative adjuvant therapy for patients who had previously undergone curative surgery for treatment of Stage III a breast cancer. Patients with estrogen receptor-positive [ ER(+)] breast cancer were treated with two types of regimens, ie, cyclophosphamide+adriamycin+fluorouracil (CAF; 2 cycles) +Futraful(FT) or CAF (2 cycles+FT+tamoxifen (TAM), and the clinical benefit of additional use of TAM was evaluated. Of the 509 ER(+) patients registered for the trial, 473 patients (92.9%) were eligible for evaluation.The 5-year survival rate was 77.2% for the CAF+FT group and 74.6% for the CAF+FT+TAM group, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 56.7% for the CAF+FT group and 59.2% for the CAF+FT+TAM group. Neither the survival rate nor the disease-free survival rate differed significantly between the groups. Analyses by factor revealed that the 5-year disease-free rate for lymph node-negative patients in the CAF+FT+TAM group was significantly higher than that for the corresponding patients in the CAF+FT group. No differences were noted in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two treatment groups, other than an increase in LDH (the frequency of which was higher in the CAF+FT+TAM group than in the CAF+FT group). Patients with estrogen receptor-negative [ ER(-)]breast cancer were treated with two types of regimens, ie, CAF+FT or CAF+FT+adriamycin(ADR), and the clinical benefit of the combined use of intermittent doses of ADR was evaluated. Of the 514 ER(-) patients registered in the trial, 478(93.0%) were eligible for evaluation. The 5-year survival rate was 64.9% for the CAF+FT group and 63.0% for the CAF+FT+ADR group, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 59.2% for both CAF+FT and CAF+FT+ADR groups. Neither the survival rate nor the disease-free survival rate differed significantly between the groups. There were no significant differences between these groups in analyses by nodal or menopausal status. The incidences of adverse reactions including anorexia, nausea/vomiting and alopecia were higher in the CAF+FT+ADR group than in the CAF+FT group.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of Post-operative Adjuvant Therapy for Stage IIIa Berast Cancer: Futraful vs Futraful+Tamoxifen for ER-positive Patients and Futraful vs Futraful+Adriamycin for ER-negative Breast Cancer. 1109 84


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>