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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antiretroviral therapy is a form of chemotherapy, yet chemotherapy is a term generally reserved for cancer treatment. In either case, the side effects of chemotherapy (e.g., nausea, vomiting, and fatigue) are often debilitating, Chemotherapy is recognized as an option in the world of cancer, and the patient's decision is usually respected. Yet HIV patients who initiate treatment may get scant support for the complexities of personal treatment decisions. Patients are met with an onerous course of medications whose long-term effectiveness is questionable. Antiretroviral treatment needs to be individualized and offered as one option. Another option might be alternative or complementary therapies such as immunomodulators. A holistic approach to HIV is an important part of PWA self-empowerment.
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PMID:The truth about HIV therapy. 1136 18

A 6-month prospective study of 120 clients of the Bulgarian Family Planning Association was undertaken to document the use, effectiveness, and side effects of the postcoital contraceptive Postinor. 40 of the women used Postinor during 6 cycles, 31 during 5 cycles, 29 during 4 cycles, and 20 during 3 or fewer cycles (total of 570 cycles). Most took 1 tablet within an hour of each intercourse (they were instructed not to use the method more than 4 times per month), but some took 2-4 tablets simultaneously. This misuse resulted in badly tolerated side effects. Side effects occurred in 50% of the clients and included bleeding, delayed menstruation, nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, severe menstrual bleeding, irritability, and weight gain. Four of the subjects became pregnant (these women took the pill a day or more after intercourse). The side effects occurred more frequently in the women who took the most tablets during a month. It was concluded that Postinor should be reserved for emergency use and that clients must be properly counseled about its use and side effects.
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PMID:Prospective study of contraception with levonorgestrel. 1229 Aug

Headaches are common during childhood and become more frequent in adolescence. The rational, cost-effective evaluation of children with headache begins with a careful history. The first step is to identify the temporal pattern of the headache -acute, acute-recurrent, chronic-progressive, chronic-nonprogressive, or mixed. The next step is a physical and neurologic examination. Neuroimaging is not routinely warranted in the evaluation of childhood headache and should be reserved for use in children with acute or chronic-progressive patters of abnormalities in neurologic examination. Pediatric migraine differs from adult migraine. Recent studies indicate the need to revise diagnostic criteria for pediatric migraine, which would allow its real prevalence in this age group to be determined. The sensitivity and specificity of the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for childhood migraine would be increased if the minimum duration of migraine were reduced and if a diagnosis of migraine were allowed when severe headache is associated with nausea, even though the criteria of location, quality, and aggravation by physical activity are not fulfilled. There are no differences in the fulfillment of the IHS criteria for migraine and tension-type headache between children and adolescents. Independent of age, the intensity of headache and the presence or absence of nausea are the most important features for differentiating the two major types of idiopathic headache.Migraines, migraine variants, tension headache and other types of headache often present for the first time during childhood and require close follow-up by the pediatrician. Investigation into this disorder is still developing.
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PMID:[Childhood headache. A diagnostic approach]. 1246 47

Based on the recommended phase II doses for doxorubicin (60 mg/m2) and docetaxel (60 mg/m2) and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's (NSABP) experience with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2), we conducted a phase II trial at 18 institutions using doxorubicin/docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (ATC) given every 21 days, in preparation for a major adjuvant breast cancer study (NSABP B-30), in which ATC would be used. Eligibility requirements included measurable stage IIIB/IV breast cancer, performance status 0-2, normal left ventricular ejection fraction, and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease (nontaxane adjuvant chemotherapy was allowed if completed > 12 months before entry and if the cumulative dose of doxorubicin was =240 mg/m2). Eighty-nine patients were entered who ranged in age from 30-78 years (38.2% < 50 years; 61.8% =50 years). A total of 33.7% of patients had stage IIIB disease, and 66.3% had stage IV disease. Among the stage IV patients, 20.3% had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy. Dexamethasone premedication (8 mg p.o. b.i.d. for 3 days) and prophylactic ciprofloxacin (500 mg p.o. b.i.d. days 5-15) were used. Colony-stimulating growth factors were reserved for secondary prophylaxis after prolonged or febrile neutropenia (FN) or documented severe infection in a prior cycle. After a cumulative dose of doxorubicin 480 mg/m2, patients could continue with docetaxel/cyclophosphamide alone. Eighty-nine patients and 577 courses were evaluable for toxicity. Median time on study as of May 2002 was 36.5 months (range, 28-47 months). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 34 patients (38%); 8 developed FN in the absence of prior prophylactic growth factor support; 26 developed FN despite prior growth factor support (for one patient this information was unavailable). There were no septic deaths. One patient died from pulmonary embolism. Other grade 3/4 adverse events included: nausea (9%), vomiting (7%), stomatitis (6%), diarrhea (4%), arthralgia/myalgia (3%), and neurotoxicity (1%). Clinical congestive heart failure was seen in 3 patients (3.4%). Seventy-seven patients were evaluable for best response within 6 cycles of therapy. Thirteen patients (16.9%) had a complete response, 43 (55.8%) had a partial response, for an overall response rate of 72.7%. The median response duration was 23.8 months (95% CI, 16.2-37.8 months), and the median time to progression or death was 23.5 months (95% CI, 16.3-38.7 months). The median survival time was 35.6 months (95% CI, 26.6-39.4 months). The administration of ATC with primary ciprofloxacin and secondary colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis is feasible and active. Its value in the adjuvant setting is currently under investigation.
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PMID:Phase II trial of doxorubicin/docetaxel/cyclophosphamide for locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer: results from NSABP trial BP-58. 1253 63

Almotriptan is a new selective serotonin 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist which is chemically related to sumatriptan and is used in the acute treatment of migraine. Almotriptan, like the rest of the triptans, acts by inducing vasoconstriction of the meningeal arteries. The new drug has good oral bioavailability, and in clinical studies has been shown to be at least as effective than sumatriptan 100 mg in alleviating migraine headache and associated symptoms (nausea, vomiting, phonophobia and photophobia) when administered as a single oral dose of 12.5 mg, this being the recommended dose. However, almotriptan has a very good tolerability profile, which has been shown to be superior to that of sumatriptan in two comparative trials. Therefore, almotriptan offers clear advantages over sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine attacks. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
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PMID:Almotriptan in the treatment of migraine. 1276 23

Almotriptan is a new selective serotonin 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist which is chemically related to sumatriptan and is used in the acute treatment of migraine. Almotriptan, like the rest of the triptans, acts by inducing vasoconstriction of the meningeal arteries. The new drug has good oral bioavailability, and in clinical studies has been shown to be as effective or more effective than sumatriptan 100 mg in alleviating migraine headache and associated symptoms (nausea, vomiting, phonophobia and photophobia) when administered as a single oral or subcutaneous dose of 12.5 mg, this being the recommended dose. However, almotriptan has a very good tolerability profile, which has been shown to be superior to that of sumatriptan in a comparative trial. Therefore, almotriptan offers clear advantages over sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine attacks. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
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PMID:Almotriptan in the treatment of migraine. 1278 94

Norethindrone 2 mg. with mestranol 0.1 mg. (Ortho-Novum 2 mg.) was taken in cyclic fashion for fertility control by 62 private patients through 312 cycles. Each patient was interviewed every month during the trial period. No pregnancies occurred. The most common side effects noted were breakthrough bleeding, headache, fatigue and tension, nausea and depression. Five patients left the study because of depression and one because of nausea. It is suggested that the use of norethindrone 2 mg. with mestranol 0.1 mg. be reserved for the following situations: (1) those patients who have used other methods without success and in whom a further pregnancy would, in the opinion of the family physician, create hardship; (2) those patients in whom fear of pregnancy is part of the cause of marital problems; and (3) those patients in whom the product is primarily used for the treatment of menstrual disorders.
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PMID:The use of norethindrone (2 Mg.) with mestranol (0.1 Mg.) in fertility control; a preliminary report. 1399 1

Severe hypercalcemia is a life-threatening medical emergency. It is most commonly caused by malignant tumors, but can also be caused by primary hyperparathyroidism or less often by a dysregulated production of active vitamin D in granulomatous disorders. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, renal insufficiency, severe dehydration, lethargy, confusion, and even coma. Severity of symptoms, calcium concentrations, and the overall status of the patient are important considerations in selecting appropriate therapy. Hydration to correct volume depletion is the cornerstone of acute therapy. Loop diuretics may be added to saline hydration after extracellular fluid volume has been replenished to enhance urinary calcium excretion and mitigate fluid overload from rehydration. Calcitonin and intravenous infusion of bisphosphonates reduce serum calcium levels by interfering with calcium release from the skeleton. Dialysis with a low or zero calcium dialysate is reserved for patients who are refractory to these measures. Corticosteroids are effective with hypercalcemia due to increased vitamin D levels and in multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[Hypercalcemic crisis]. 1468 84

A phase II trial at 12 institutions using AT (doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 plus docetaxel 60 mg/m2) given every 21 days was conducted. Eighty-nine patients were entered who ranged in age from 25 to 75 years, 41.6% of whom had stage IIIB disease and 58.4% of whom had stage IV disease. Among the patients with stage IV disease, 32.7% had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy. Premedication with dexamethasone (8 mg orally twice per day for 3 days) and prophylactic ciprofloxacin (500 mg orally twice per day on days 5-15) was used. Colony-stimulating growth factors were reserved for secondary prophylaxis after prolonged or febrile neutropenia (FN) or documented severe infection in an earlier cycle. After a cumulative dose of doxorubicin of 480 mg/m2, patients could continue to receive docetaxel (100 mg/m2) alone. Median time on study as of July 6, 2003, was 54 months. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 36 patients (41.9%): 23 developed FN in the absence of previous prophylactic growth factor support and 13 developed it despite previous growth factor support. One patient died from sepsis. Other grade 3/4 adverse events included nausea in 3.5%, vomiting in 4.7%, stomatitis in 8.1%, diarrhea in 5.8%, arthralgia/myalgia in 2.3%, fluid retention in 1.2%, pulmonary embolism in 1.2%, rest dyspnea in 1.2%, neuromotory toxicity in 1.2%, and neurosensory toxicity in 1.2%. Clinical congestive heart failure was seen in 2 patients (2.3%). Sixty-seven patients were evaluable for best response with 6 cycles of therapy. Fourteen patients (20.9%) had a complete response and 30 (44.8%) had a partial response, for an overall response rate of 65.7% in evaluable patients. The median response duration was 25.9 months, and the median time from entry to progression or death was 27.5 months. The median survival time for the 86 patients with endpoint information was 31.1 months. The administration of AT with primary ciprofloxacin and secondary colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis is feasible, and the combination is active. Its value in the adjuvant setting is currently under investigation.
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PMID:Phase II trial of a doxorubicin/docetaxel doublet for locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer: results from national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project trial BP-57. 1533 53

The Supportive Care Task Force (SCTF) was established within the Medical Oncology Department at the University of L'Aquila in May 2002. The missions of the SCTF were to allow systematic evaluation and treatment of symptoms, to warrant continuity of care in all phases of disease and to provide medical oncology residents with training in the treatment of symptoms. A medical oncologist, two senior residents in medical oncology and a registered nurse comprised the SCTF. A psychiatrist, two neurologists, a dietician, and two physiotherapists served as consultants or on a part-time basis. Four beds in two-bedded rooms inside the Medical Oncology Department were reserved to SCTF. A close integration with the physicians of the Medical Oncology Department was realised. The only criterion to admission was the presence of uncontrolled symptoms. Patients were evaluated and monitored with the visual analogue scale for pain and with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS). The Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP Score) was employed to assess the prognosis. Non-clinical needs were evaluated with the Need Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ). Protocols for the treatment of common symptoms were available in written form for consultation by physicians, residents and nurses. From 1 May 2002 to 31 May 2004, we observed 208 patients: 111 women and 97 men. The median age was 64.7 (range 28-90) years. Fifty-four patients (25.9%) were admitted more than once, for a total of 285 admissions. One hundred ninety-nine admissions (69.5%) were for supportive care while 86 admissions (30.5%) were for supportive care and active treatment. The most frequent symptoms were asthenia and anorexia. We registered excellent results regarding the treatment of pain, nausea and dyspnea while psychological symptoms, anorexia and asthenia proved more difficult to treat. Two hundred twenty patients were discharged: 142 (49.8%) home; 76 (26.7%) to the Home Care Service and two (0.7%) to others units of the hospital. Sixty-five (22.8%) died in our unit.
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PMID:The Supportive Care Task Force at the University of L'Aquila: 2-years experience. 1572 32


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