Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Probenecid administered in divided oral doses totaling 100 mg/kg increased levels of norepinephrine (NE) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This technique is commonly used to measure the rate of accumulation of acidic metabolites of certain brain neurotransmitter biogenic amines in CSF after blockade of their transport into blood. Since levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol, a neutral metabolite of NE, are also elevated after high oral doses of probenecid, the increases of CSF and plasma NE levels may be directly related to probenecid-induced release of this amine from noradrenergic neurons. In patients who experienced nausea or vomiting there were lower levels of probenecid in CSF, probably secondary to diminished absorption of the medication. These patients also had lower levels of NE in plasma than did patients who remained asymptomatic.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978 Feb
PMID:Probenecid-induced norepinephrine elevations in plasma and CSF. 62 10

Twenty volunteer male college students were exposed to motion picture films which reliably elicit symptoms of motion sickness. Those Ss with relatively higher apparent sympathetic nervous system dominance showed significantly smaller autonomic reactions to the film. It was concluded that increased sympathetic tone tended to the film. It was concluded that increased sympathetic tone tended to reduce autonomic reactions to motion sickness stimuli. It was suggested that the sympathetic nervous system symptoms that usually occur in motion sickness are actually defensive reactions rather than symptoms of nausea.
J Gen Psychol 1978 Apr
PMID:Intensity of motion sickness symptoms as a function of apparent autonomic balance. 66 Jan 71

Seventy male alcohol-dependent patients participated in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone hydrochloride (50 mg/d) as an adjunct to treatment following alcohol detoxification. Subjects taking naltrexone reported significantly less alcohol craving and days in which any alcohol was consumed. During the 12-week study, only 23% of the naltrexone-treated subjects met the criteria for a relapse, whereas 54.3% of the placebo-treated subjects relapsed. The primary effect of naltrexone was seen in patients who drank any alcohol while attending outpatient treatment. Nineteen (95%) of the 20 placebo-treated patients relapsed after they sampled alcohol, while only eight (50%) of 16 naltrexone-treated patients exposed to alcohol met relapse criteria. Naltrexone was not associated with mood changes or other psychiatric symptoms. Significant side effects (nausea) occurred in two naltrexone-treated subjects, and one naltrexone-treated subject complained of increased pain from arthritis. These results suggest that naltrexone may be a safe and effective adjunct to treatment in alcohol-dependent subjects, particularly in preventing alcohol relapse.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992 Nov
PMID:Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. 816 Dec 96

The neuroendocrine response to L-5-hydroxytryptophan was compared in 37 prepubertal children who met the Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder with that in 23 normal children with no lifetime history of any psychiatric disorder and very low rates of depression in both first- and second-degree relatives. Intravenous L-5-hydroxytryptophan (0.8 mg/kg) was given over a 1-hour interval after preloading with oral carbidopa, an inhibitor of peripheral but not central L-5-hydroxytryptophan metabolism. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of serotonin, increases serotonin turnover in the central nervous system when given after carbidopa. Seven (19%) of the 37 children with major depressive disorder and two (9%) of the 23 normal children had nausea or vomiting and therefore did not complete the full infusion. They were subsequently excluded from data analysis. After this stimulation, prolactin, cortisol, and growth hormone secretion were compared between diagnostic groups. The depressed children secreted significantly less cortisol (effect size, 0.70) and significantly more prolactin (effect size, 0.83). There was a sex-by-diagnosis interaction in prolactin response to L-5-hydroxytryptophan and, on examination, the prolactin hypersecretion was seen in depressed girls but not in depressed boys compared with same-sex controls. There was no significant stimulation of growth hormone in either group. These findings are consistent with dysregulation of central serotonergic systems in childhood major depression.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992 Nov
PMID:Neuroendocrine response to L-5-hydroxytryptophan challenge in prepubertal major depression. Depressed vs normal children. 144 21

Bulimia nervosa represents a serious public health problem in the United States. We performed an 8-week, double-blind trial comparing fluoxetine hydrochloride (60 and 20 mg/d) with placebo in 387 bulimic women treated on an outpatient basis. Fluoxetine at 60 mg/d proved superior to placebo in decreasing the frequency of weekly binge-eating and vomiting episodes at end point. Fluoxetine at 20 mg/d produced an effect between that of the 60-mg/d dosage and that of placebo. Depression, carbohydrate craving, and pathologic eating attitudes and behaviors also improved significantly with fluoxetine, with the higher dosage again showing a more robust effect than the lower dosage. Several adverse events (ie, insomnia, nausea, asthenia, and tremor) occurred significantly more frequently with fluoxetine (60 or 20 mg/d) than with placebo. However, there was no statistically significant difference among treatment groups in the proportion of patients discontinuing the study because of adverse events.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992 Feb
PMID:Fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Fluoxetine Bulimia Nervosa Collaborative Study Group. 155 Apr 66

The DSM-III-R criteria for uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal require the presence of coarse tremor of the hands, tongue, or eyelids plus one of a number of other clinical features. We examined the validity and other characteristics of these items in 137 patients in pure alcohol withdrawal using the reliable and valid Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol. The DSM-III-R items of hand tremor amplitude, nausea or vomiting, headache, transient hallucinations, autonomic hyperactivity (increased pulse or sweating), and anxiety correlated significantly with total score and significantly indicated clinical severity. Addition of an "agitation" item improved the correlation. The diagnostic accuracy is greater than 95% if any two or more items are present. The number of positive items, of which tremor can be one, to grade clinical severity shows that a score of 2 indicates "very mild"; 3, "mild"; 4, "moderate"; and 5, "severe.". We propose that an Alcohol Withdrawal Diagnostic Inventory and a DSM-III-R-compatible brief Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol are useful for clinical research, where graded symptom characterization is needed. Our data may be helpful in the development of criteria for DSM-IV.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991 May
PMID:Characterization of DSM-III-R criteria for uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal provides an empirical basis for DSM-IV. 202 Dec 96

To examine further the serotoninergic system in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the plasma concentrations of cortisol and prolactin and the behavioral responses after oral administration of MK-212 (6-chloro-2-[1-piperazinyl]-pyrazine), a serotonin agonist, and placebo were studied in 17 patients with OCD and nine normal controls. The two groups did not differ significantly in basal plasma prolactin or cortisol levels. Nevertheless, both the prolactin and cortisol response to oral administration of MK-212 (20 mg) were significantly blunted in the patients with OCD compared with those of the normal controls. MK-212 did not affect the intensity of OCD symptoms. However, MK-212, as compared with placebo, produced slight but statistically significant increases in self-ratings of nausea, dizziness, anxiety, feeling strange, and mixed feelings of calmness and restlessness, as well as depression and feeling high. These behavioral ratings were not significantly different in patients and normal controls. These findings are consistent with previous reports of diminished serotoninergic responsivity in OCD and raise the possibility of subsensitivity of at least some serotonin receptors in this disorder.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990 Sep
PMID:Prolactin and cortisol responses to MK-212, a serotonin agonist, in obsessive-compulsive disorder. 220 27

To assess central nervous system cholinergic neuroendocrine regulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we measured plasma arginine vasopressin, beta-endorphin, and epinephrine responses to a cholinergic challenge elicited by intravenous administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (0.0125 mg/kg) in male patients with AD (n = 12) and compared their responses with those of age-matched normal control subjects (n = 12). Physostigmine promptly increased plasma arginine vasopressin (tenfold), beta-endorphin (twofold to threefold) and epinephrine (threefold) levels in elderly control subjects. In contrast, patients with AD showed attenuated responses to physostigmine. When controls and patients with AD who experienced nausea (n = 2 and n = 6, respectively) were excluded, the arginine vasopressin, beta-endorphin, and epinephrine responses of patients with AD were significantly less than those of control subjects. These data suggest that the central nervous system cholinergic deterioration of AD results in decreased responsiveness of neuroendocrine systems that are regulated by central cholinergic mechanisms.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989 Jun
PMID:Neuroendocrine responses to physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease. 252 15

The literature describing nondyskinetic antipsychotic withdrawal symptoms is reviewed. The withdrawal of antipsychotic agents can result in nausea, emesis, anorexia, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, myalgias, paresthesias, anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. Psychotic relapse is often presaged by increased anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. However, the temporal relationship of these prodromal symptoms to reduction in the dosage or discontinuation of neuroleptics distinguishes them from the effects of abrupt withdrawal.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1988 Nov
PMID:Antipsychotic withdrawal phenomena in the medical-surgical setting. 290 18

The effects of oral administration of caffeine (10 mg/kg) on behavioral ratings, somatic symptoms, blood pressure and plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG) and cortisol were determined in 17 healthy subjects and 21 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks or panic disorder. Caffeine produced significantly greater increases in subject-rated anxiety, nervousness, fear, nausea, palpitations, restlessness, and tremors in the patients compared with healthy subjects. In the patients, but not the healthy subjects, these symptoms were significantly correlated with plasma caffeine levels. Seventy-one percent of the patients reported that the behavioral effects of caffeine were similar to those experienced during panic attacks. Caffeine did not alter plasma MHPG levels in either the healthy subjects or patients. Caffeine increased plasma cortisol levels equally in the patient and healthy groups. Because caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, these results suggest that some panic disorder patients may have abnormalities in neuronal systems involving adenosine. Patients with anxiety disorders may benefit by avoiding caffeine-containing foods and beverages.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985 Mar
PMID:Increased anxiogenic effects of caffeine in panic disorders. 298 30


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