Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently 5'-DFUR (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine) was developed as a new anticancer drug in Japan. The compound was active against various murine tumors by oral administration and the toxicity was almost comparable to the other prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). 5'-DFUR is converted to 5-FU in vivo by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase which was found to exist relatively much in tumor tissues compared to normal ones except intestinal tract. In the phase I study, the dose-limiting toxicities were gastro-intestinal (GI) ones such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia etc., and the MTD was 2,100 mg/body/day (oral administration). In the multi-institutional phase II studies, clinical activity of 5'-DFUR was found in head and neck, thyroidal, esophageal, gastric, colo-rectal, gall-bladder and breast cancers at daily doses of 800-1,200 mg/body. The main side effects were consisted of GI-toxicities in which diarrhea appeared most frequently (26.3%). This diarrhea, however, disappeared rapidly by decreasing the dosage or termination of treatment. In the comparative clinical studies of 5'-DFUR with tegafur against advanced breast cancer cases, 5'-DFUR was found superior to tegafur in the clinical responses. From these results, 5'-DFUR was judged as an useful new anticancer drug.
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PMID:[A new anticancer drug, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)]. 295 7

Docetaxel (TXT) has been shown to be an up-regulator of human pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) in tumors. We have tried to use the combination of low-dose weekly TXT with 5'-DFUR (LD + D) in patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we compared the clinical efficacy of LD + D with that of conventional full-dose TXT (FD) and that of low-dose weekly TXT (LD). Twenty-one patients received 3 or 4 cycles of FD 60 mg/m2 every 3 or 4 weeks (group I), 14 patients received 8 cycles of LD 20-30 mg/m2 every week (group II) and 25 patients received 8 cycles of LD 20-30 mg/m2 weekly with oral 5'-DFUR 600-1,200 mg per day (group III). The overall response rates of groups I, II and III were 29%, 29% and 52% (p = 0.24), respectively. Grade 3-4 neutropenia was observed in 91% of group I, 6% of group II and 3% of group III. Nausea was present in 27% of group I, 28% of group II and 40% of group III. Higher incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was found in LD + D, but the symptoms abated when the doses of 5'-DFUR were reduced. Low-dose weekly TXT with oral 5'-DFUR produced a higher response rate, but less hematologic toxicity than full-dose TXT, suggesting that this combination therapy is clinically useful and may be effective for patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of low-dose weekly docetaxel combined with oral 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) in advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a pilot trial]. 1079 Oct