Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-a) or 2'-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin; DCF) have each been shown to be highly active in hairy-cell leukemia (HCL). In this phase II study of the Leukemia Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the efficacy and toxicity of DCF were investigated in patients who were resistant to IFN-a treatment. Resistance was defined as: (1) progressive disease (PD) under IFN-a therapy for more than 2 months; (2) stable disease (SD) after more than 6 months of IFN-a treatment; (3) relapse within 3 months of discontinuing IFN-a; and (4) intolerance to IFN-a because of World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 or 4 toxicity. DCF was applied at a dosage of 4 mg/m2 weekly x 3, then 4 mg/m2 every other week x 3. Responders were given a maintenance therapy once per month for a maximum of 6 months. At the time of report, 33 patients with resistant disease were evaluable for response and toxicity. Median duration of IFN-a therapy before DCF administration was 14.7 months (range, 1 to 41 months). Complete remissions (CRs) were achieved in 11 patients and partial remissions (PRs) in 15, resulting in a total response rate of 78.8%. Median interval between beginning of DCF therapy to best response was 3.9 months with a range from 2.0 to 7.0 months. Two patients who achieved PR have relapsed 7 and 14 months after cessation of DCF therapy. The median duration of response was over 11.5 months (range, over 3.0 to over 24.0 months). Three patients died within the first 6 weeks of DCF treatment: one of drug-unrelated cardiomyopathy and two of fungal pneumonia. The patients with early death (n = 3) and nonresponsive disease (n = 4) received IFN-a treatment for a longer period (median, 18.0 months) than did the 26 responsive patients (median, 10.0 months). Major side effects included nausea, skin rash, and infections and were otherwise mild. Thus, DCF is highly active in patients with HCL resistant to IFN-a.
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PMID:Response to pentostatin in hairy-cell leukemia refractory to interferon-alpha. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Leukemia Cooperative Group. 278 73

Six patients with hairy-cell leukemia were treated with gamma-(IFN-gamma) and alpha-(IFN-alpha-2b) interferon; 3-35 months following splenectomy, treatment was started with 4 X 10(6) U/m2 IFN-gamma sc (iv) every second day for 9-35 weeks. Although the white blood cell counts decreased during therapy from 4.1-49 X 10(9)/l to 1.5-43 X 10(9)/l, no hematological or clinical improvement was obtained. Subsequently (interval 0-13 weeks), IFN-alpha-2b was given at an initial dose of 4 X 10(6) U/m2 sc every second day to all patients. After a treatment period corresponding to that of IFN-gamma administration, a significant hematological improvement was observed in five patients (one early death due to pulmonary embolism). At the last follow-up (9-14 months after start of treatment; maintenance therapy, 1 X 10(6) U every second day), these patients exhibited normal peripheral blood cell counts, and in bone marrow biopsy specimens a marked decrease of hairy cells was seen (1 CR, 3 PR, 1 MR). Adverse reactions including fever, headache, nausea, dryness of the mouth, myalgia, and fatigue did not significantly differ between the two interferon preparations. Whereas IFN-gamma is unlikely to have any significant impact on the course of hairy cell leukemia, IFN-alpha-2b does result in improvement of hematological values and well-being in almost all patients.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of gamma interferon and alpha interferon in hairy cell leukemia]. 311 51

Eight patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) complicated by pancytopenia were treated with low dose regimens of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF). All patients had significant haematological and clinical improvement. One patient who had been splenectomized and five patients with mild to moderate splenomegaly achieved normal blood counts within 2 months, which have been maintained for up to 18 months. Complete remissions occurred in two patients and four patients had 50-95% marrow clearance of hairy cells. The initial DCF treatments produced a 1-3 g/dl fall in the haemoglobin levels and one patient had a temporary reduction in granulocyte and platelet counts. Five patients had nausea/vomiting, and/or lethargy following DCF, but there was no correlation between the plasma levels of deoxyadenosine and adenosine and the incidence or severity of these side effects. An increased incidence of infection and drug hypersensitivity may reflect the effects of DCF on the immune system. Low dose DCF is a highly effective agent in HCL.
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PMID:The treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia with 2'-deoxycoformycin. 348 71

Thirty seven hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients, 35 males and 2 females with a median age of 53 years, were treated with a single course of 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg daily for 7 days by continuous infusion. Twenty nine (78%) achieved a complete remission (CR) and 8 (22%) a partial remission (PR); four of the latter progressed after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. All have been retreated with 2-CdA and 2 achieved a CR, 1 a PR and the last one is not yet evaluable. The overall median duration of response was 18 months, ranging from 4 to 30 months from the end of therapy. Circulating hairy cells and spleen enlargement, when present, disappeared within 2 weeks after completing treatment. A significant neutropenia was observed in almost all patients mainly in those who had less than 1,000/microliters neutrophils when treatment was started, together with a significant lymphocytopenia which lasted for more than 12 months. The hemoglobin and platelet levels were marginally affected. Fever was observed in 14 patients; in 8 of them it was short-lived (< or = 48 hours) and apparently not infection-related, while in the remaining 6 it was attributed to infection. Clinical tolerance was very good and none of the patients complained of nausea, vomiting or hair loss. In conclusion, our study confirms the efficacy of 2-CdA in HCL, including patients who progressed after treatment with 2-CdA.
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PMID:Retreatment with 2-CdA of progressed HCL patients. 782 47

2-Chloro-deoxyadenosine (CdA) is a new adenosine-deaminase (ADA) resistant purine analogue with high specificity for lymphoid cells. It was shown that CdA is very effective in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma leading to lasting remissions in the majority of patients with HCL. We report the successful treatment of five patients with HCL at different stages of their disease using CdA, who were either previously untreated or had received interferon, splenectomy and deoxycoformycin (dCF), an ADA-inhibitor with high therapeutic efficacy in HCL. After one 7-day course of treatment, all patients reached remission. CdA was well tolerated and, only mild side effects such as skin rash, headache, fever, nausea were observed. Aplasia was pronounced in all instances with a slow recovery. The type of histomorphological procedure in preparing and evaluating bone marrow biopsies is emphasized to detect minimal residual infiltration by hairy cells.
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PMID:Successful treatment of patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) using a single cycle of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA). 790 21

The authors report on the case of a 46-year-old female patient who had an anaphylactic reaction of lucky outcome after a fly bite. She shortly developed a hard swelling of 15 cm diameter covered by scab, on the hairy scalp where hair meets the forehead, as well as an oedema on the forehead. Shortly afterwards came an erythema and pruritus on the face and body, and oedema on the hands, face and lips, later accompanied by shivers, nausea and vomit. The captured insect was identified by a taxonomic key to be a Hippobosca equina (horse-fly). To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Hungary on anaphylactic reactions to Hippobosca equina bite. Hippobosca equina lives all over the world - also known in Hungary -, mostly in grazing lands, stables and cowsheds, sucking the blood of horses, asses and occasionally other animals. As a vector it may be a carrier and transmitter of pathogens. With this report we wish to call attention of family physicians and clinicians on the clinical symptoms of the bite of Hippobosca equina, since they have not the specific experience required to the diagnosis of such insect bite.
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PMID:[Anaphylactic reaction caused by a horse-fly species (Hippobosca equina)]. 1981 13

Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode parasite which causes a protracted asymptomatic intestinal infection. It is considered a life threatening condition in immunocompromised patients when hyperinfection is associated with disseminated disease. The diagnosis by routine stool examination is very limited since the larval output in stools is very low. We present the case of a 52 year-old Omani man from Salalah, in the southern region of Oman, with a 15-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and recently discovered to have hairy cell leukaemia, who complained of nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and loss of weight. An oesophagogastroduodoscopic biopsy was obtained and histopathologic examination revealed gastrointestinal strongyloidiasis.
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PMID:A case of gastric and duodenal strongyloidiasis. 2150 40