Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the glycemic response to a food starch esterified by 1-octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), 30 healthy nondiabetic adult subjects were studied in a double-blind crossover design. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed a product containing either 25 g of glucose or 25 g of OSA-substituted starch. Finger-prick capillary blood was obtained at baseline and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min postprandial for glucose measurement. After OSA treatment, the rise in blood glucose was reduced (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min and tended (P < 0.08) to be lower at 45 min. Mean peak rise in glucose was reduced 19% (P < 0.01) by OSA (3.30 +/- 0.19 versus 2.66 +/- 0.16 mmol/L) compared to glucose, but time to peak did not differ between treatments. Net incremental area under the curve was also lower (P < 0.05) on OSA compared to glucose. Minimal effects on gastrointestinal symptoms (intensity and frequency of nausea, cramping, distention, and flatulence) were noted for both products, with no clinically significant difference between products. In conclusion, starch substitution with OSA attenuated the postprandial glycemic excursion compared to an equivalent glucose challenge and was well tolerated by fasting healthy adult subjects.
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PMID:Glycemic response to a food starch esterified by 1-octenyl succinic anhydride in humans. 1136 54

Surveillance data indicate that handling of food by an ill worker is a cause of almost half of all restaurant-related outbreaks. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code contains recommendations for food service establishments, including restaurants, aimed at reducing the frequency with which food workers work while ill. However, few data exist on the extent to which restaurants have implemented FDA recommendations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Environmental Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net) conducted a study on the topic of ill food workers in restaurants. We interviewed restaurant managers (n = 426) in nine EHS-Net sites. We found that many restaurant policies concerning ill food workers do not follow FDA recommendations. For example, one-third of the restaurants' policies did not specifically address the circumstances under which ill food workers should be excluded from work (i.e., not be allowed to work). We also found that, in many restaurants, managers are not actively involved in decisions about whether ill food workers should work. Additionally, almost 70% of managers said they had worked while ill; 10% said they had worked while having nausea or "stomach flu," possible symptoms of foodborne illness. When asked why they had worked when ill, a third of the managers said they felt obligated to work or their strong work ethic compelled them to work. Other reasons cited were that the restaurant was understaffed or no one was available to replace them (26%), they felt that their symptoms were mild or not contagious (19%), they had special managerial responsibilities that no one else could fulfill (11%), there was non-food handling work they could do (7%), and they would not get paid if they did not work or the restaurant had no sick leave policy (5%). Data from this study can inform future research and help policy makers target interventions designed to reduce the frequency with which food workers work while ill.
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PMID:Managerial practices regarding workers working while ill. 2558 Nov 95

Postoperative ileus is a common and often life-threatening gastrointestinal complication with few management methods available for patients. Integrating acupressure into perioperative care promises to bring benefits into preventing postoperative ileus. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of acupressure in identifying the signs and symptoms of postoperative ileus among patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, China Journal Net and Wanfang databases were searched for high-quality RCTs using keywords such as acupressure, postoperative ileus, abdominal surgery, etc. A total of six studies ([Formula: see text]) were included in this review and meta-analysis. The quality of the literature was found to be uniformly moderate by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) assessment tool. The results of meta-analyses revealed that acupressure could significantly reduce risks for postoperative nausea (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.39-0.70, [Formula: see text]) and vomiting (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39-0.75, [Formula: see text]) compared with the control group, without significant heterogeneity among studies. Meta-analysis of the need for antiemetic drugs suggested that the OR was 0.39 (95% CI 0.20-0.78, [Formula: see text]) with significant heterogeneity among studies. Our results suggested that acupressure might be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the need for antiemetic drugs among patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Considering the substantial risk of bias in the articles included, future high-quality RCTs with a rigorous methodology are desirable to provide solid evidence. Furthermore, other signs and symptoms of postoperative ileus should be explored in future.
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PMID:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Acupressure for Postoperative Gastrointestinal Symptoms among Abdominal Surgery Patients. 2883 Feb 15