Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been demonstrated that the traditional Chinese medicine rikkunshito, ameliorates anorexia in several types of human cancer and attenuates lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration. The current study investigated the clinical and hematological effects of rikkunshito and its underlying mechanisms of action in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The Illumina microarray BeadChip was used to analyze the whole-genome expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 17 patients with advanced NSCLC. These patients were randomized to receive combination chemotherapy (cisplatin and gemcitabine) with (n=9, CTH+R group) or without (n=8, CTH group) rikkunshito. The primary endpoint was the treatment response and the categories of the scales of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and fatigue; secondary endpoints included the hematological effect and whole genome gene expression changes. The results of the current study indicated that there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes, including treatment response and toxicity events, between the two groups. Median one-year overall survival (OS) was 12 months in the CTH group and 11 months in the CTH+R group (P=0.058 by log-rank test), while old age (>60 years old) was the only independent factor associated with one-year OS (hazard ratio 1.095, 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.189, P=0.030). Patients in the CTH+R group experienced significantly greater maximum decreases in both white cell count (P=0.034) and absolute neutrophil count (P=0.030) from the baseline. A total of 111 genes associated with neutrophil apoptosis, the cell-killing ability of neutrophils, natural killer cell activation and B cell proliferation were up-regulated following rikkunshito treatment. A total of 48 genes associated with neutrophil migration, coagulation, thrombosis and type I interferon signaling were down-regulated following rikkunshito treatment. Rikkunshito may therefore affect the blood neutrophil count when used with combination chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC, potentially by down-regulating prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 1, MPL, AMICA1 and junctional adhesion molecule 3, while up-regulating elastase, neutrophil expressed, proteinase 3, cathepsin G and cluster of differentiation 24.
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PMID:Whole genome gene expression changes and hematological effects of rikkunshito in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving first line chemotherapy. 2896 23

Coronary arteritis is an uncommon cause of sudden death in non-atherosclerotic coronary diseases, and is mostly associated with systemic vasculitis or systemic autoimmune diseases; therefore, sudden death due to isolated coronary arteritis rarely occurs. The case described in this report is that of a 34-year-old man with no significant personal medical history who died suddenly after presenting with nausea. Postmortem examination revealed a significant infiltration of lymphocytes predominantly on the adventitia and periadventitial tissues of the coronary arteries in the epicardium. The lymphocytic infiltrate partially extended to the thickened intima with fibrosis, destructing the media and internal elastic lamina, and the lumen was occluded by a thrombus in the left main stem and left anterior descending branch. The arterial walls exhibited focal fibrinoid necrosis with regression in the intima and fibrous scars with angiogenesis in the media and adventitia. Focal myocardial infarction was detected in the left ventricle as a fibrotic change of the myocardium. No findings associated with vasculitis were discerned in the aorta, other peripheral arteries, or major organs. Laboratory tests of postmortem blood samples returned negative results for antinuclear antibodies, cryoglobulin, immunoglobulin G4, and cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies for myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3. These autopsy findings suggest that the sudden death was caused by isolated necrotizing vasculitis that is assumed to be polyarteritis nodosa localized at the coronary arteries. However, pathological characteristics may not be exactly the same between isolated necrotizing vasculitis in the coronary arteries and polyarteritis nodosa.
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PMID:Sudden unexpected death due to coronary thrombosis associated with isolated necrotizing vasculitis in the coronary arteries of a young adult. 3081 Sep 77

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, a vasculitis affecting small and medium sized vessels usually affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, the kidneys, and the eyes. Neurologic manifestation in central nervous system (CNS) is less frequent than the peripheral and usually is in form of stroke. Few cases of lateral medullary ischemic stroke (Wallenberg syndrome) due to GPA have been reported. A 41 year-old female, presented with acute vertigo, nausea/vomiting, hiccups, dysphagia. In physical examination she had a saddled nose, horner syndrome, soft palate paralysis, crossed hypoesthesia of face, and limbs and hemi-ataxia. Brain magnetic imaging revealed a left lateral medullary infarction and sinusitis confirmed by paranasal Sinus CT scans. Chest CT showed a cavitary mass. Laboratory findings were remarkable for anemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)/anti-proteinase 3 was positive. Diagnosis of GPA was established and treatment was started. During 6-month follow-up improvement was satisfying and no relapses occurred. Medullary infarct is reported in few GPA patients, especially at presentation. Definite diagnosis is based on tissue biopsy. Although in context of extra CNS involvement and positive ANCA diagnosis can be made confidently. Treatment of choice in CNS involvement is not clear, corticosteroids and immunosuppressives seem effective. CNS involvement, especially stroke may present GPA or accompany extra CNS symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential.
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PMID:Wegener's Granulomatosis Presenting as Wallenberg Syndrome: A Case Report. 3102 83