Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An investigation was carried out to determine the therapeutic effect of panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a injectable carbapenem antimicrobial agent, on infections in pregnant women during perinatal period. Of the 41 patients enrolled in the study, 34 were subjected to the analysis, with 1 exemption because of protocol violations (regimen), 3 because of uncertain evidence symptoms of infection, and 3 because of failure to undergo laboratory tests. PAPM/BP was administered by intravenous drip infusion at doses of 0.5 g twice or three times a day daily for periods of 3 to 14 days. The efficacy rate according to the evaluation of the Drug Efficacy Evaluation Committee and the attending physicians was 79.4% (27/34), with 49 of the 61 clinical isolates (80.3%) being eradicated. Safety was evaluated as "safe" in 39 of the 41 assessable patients (94.1%). Mild headache and nausea were experienced by 1 patient (2.4%) as adverse drug reactions, but the symptoms disappeared after the completion of treatment. Slight elevations of GOT, GPT and LDH in laboratory tests were observed in 1 patient (2.4%), but these values returned to normal after the completion of treatment. These results suggested that PAPM/BP may be a useful drug in the treatment of bacterial infections during the perinatal period. To firmly establish its safety, however, further clinical and pharmacokinetic studies are needed in larger populations.
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PMID:[Study on the therapeutic effect of panipenem/betamipron on perinatal infection in pregnant women]. 1020 85

The effects of ondansetron hydrochloride (OND) were studied through 11 courses of chemotherapy, including 70 mg/m2 of cisplatin, in 9 patients with advanced esophageal cancer. During the observation period of 5 days, 4 mg of OND was given intravenously on the day of cisplatin infusion and orally for consecutive 4 days, and nausea was controlled by over 70%. Vomiting was controlled by over 80%. The inhibitory effect of OND on nausea and vomiting was found in 72.7% on the day of cisplatin injection and 88.9% overall. No other side effects of OND except slight increases in total bilirubin and LDH were found in any patient. These findings suggest that intravenous and oral administration of OND may inhibit chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[Effects of intravenous and oral administration of ondansetron hydrochloride on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with esophageal cancer]. 1055 22

Sequential changes in hormone levels were assessed for one year in postmenopausal breast cancer patients administered the aromatase inhibitor fodrozole hydrochloride hydrate (Afema) in order to evaluate its efficacy and safety in long-term treatment. Forty patients received Afema alone as postoperative adjuvant therapy, while 30 received it with 5-FU. Plasma estrone and estradiol levels decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001) and were not affected by body mass index (BMI). Plasma androstenedione and testosterone levels increased within the normal range. Aldosterone levels hit bottom 3 months after treatment was started, and tended to return to the pre-treatment baseline thereafter. Plasma cortisol levels increased significantly within the normal range. FDP and alpha 2-PIPC, parameters related to blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, showed no significant change. Adverse reactions, mainly nausea and elevation of LDH levels, were all slight. Thus, long-term administration of Afema resulted in significant decreases in estrogen levels with few adverse reactions regardless of the BMI, suggesting that it can be safely used as effective postoperative adjuvant therapy.
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PMID:[Sequential changes in hormone levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients under long-term treatment with an aromatase inhibitor. Kanagawa AI Study Group]. 1063 5

We encountered 4-year-old boy who developed paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) in the middle of August. He was admitted due to progressive jaundice and pallor following fever and nausea. Laboratory data revealed severe anemia, increased serum indirect bilirubin and LDH, and decreased serum haptoglobin. Direct/indirect Coombs tests were positive. These findings yielded a diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Serological test for syphilis was negative. The patient's symptoms and signs promptly subsided after treatment with prednisolone, which was started on the 2nd hospital day. The patient has been in a disease-free state for 16 months without any medication. After discharge, he was finally given a diagnosis of PCH because a Donath-Landsteiner test was positive. The antibody belonged to an IgM subclass and showed anti-I specificity. Considering that development of PCH is common in winter, this case was unique because it developed in August. We speculated that exposure to a cool air-conditioned atmosphere prior to hospitalization and the cooling mechanism of the body after admission were involved in the summer onset of PCH and its prolonged clinical course.
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PMID:[A boy with summer onset paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria induced by Donath-Landsteiner antibody with anti-I specificity]. 1069 97

A multi-center, randomized controlled collaborative study was conducted in 310 institutions located thruoughout Japan for 3 years and 9 months from February 1985 until October 1988 to evaluate the efficacy of post-operative adjuvant therapy for patients who had previously undergone curative surgery for treatment of Stage III a breast cancer. Patients with estrogen receptor-positive [ ER(+)] breast cancer were treated with two types of regimens, ie, cyclophosphamide+adriamycin+fluorouracil (CAF; 2 cycles) +Futraful(FT) or CAF (2 cycles+FT+tamoxifen (TAM), and the clinical benefit of additional use of TAM was evaluated. Of the 509 ER(+) patients registered for the trial, 473 patients (92.9%) were eligible for evaluation.The 5-year survival rate was 77.2% for the CAF+FT group and 74.6% for the CAF+FT+TAM group, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 56.7% for the CAF+FT group and 59.2% for the CAF+FT+TAM group. Neither the survival rate nor the disease-free survival rate differed significantly between the groups. Analyses by factor revealed that the 5-year disease-free rate for lymph node-negative patients in the CAF+FT+TAM group was significantly higher than that for the corresponding patients in the CAF+FT group. No differences were noted in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two treatment groups, other than an increase in LDH (the frequency of which was higher in the CAF+FT+TAM group than in the CAF+FT group). Patients with estrogen receptor-negative [ ER(-)]breast cancer were treated with two types of regimens, ie, CAF+FT or CAF+FT+adriamycin(ADR), and the clinical benefit of the combined use of intermittent doses of ADR was evaluated. Of the 514 ER(-) patients registered in the trial, 478(93.0%) were eligible for evaluation. The 5-year survival rate was 64.9% for the CAF+FT group and 63.0% for the CAF+FT+ADR group, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 59.2% for both CAF+FT and CAF+FT+ADR groups. Neither the survival rate nor the disease-free survival rate differed significantly between the groups. There were no significant differences between these groups in analyses by nodal or menopausal status. The incidences of adverse reactions including anorexia, nausea/vomiting and alopecia were higher in the CAF+FT+ADR group than in the CAF+FT group.
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PMID:Efficacy of Post-operative Adjuvant Therapy for Stage IIIa Berast Cancer: Futraful vs Futraful+Tamoxifen for ER-positive Patients and Futraful vs Futraful+Adriamycin for ER-negative Breast Cancer. 1109 84

The frequency and spectrum of adverse events associated with the antimalarial therapeutic regimen of mefloquine (MQ) (750 and 500 mg at an interval of 6 h) was assessed in 22 healthy volunteers who were monitored for 21 days following drug administration. An unexpected high frequency of side effects of any grade were reported by all 22 subjects. The most commonly reported symptoms were vertigo (96%), followed by nausea (82%) and headache (73%). Participants suffering from severe (grade 3) vertigo (73%) required bed rest and specific medication for 1 to 4 days. More females than males reported severe adverse reactions. The majority (77.3%) of the participants (f: 8/12, m: 9/10) showed symptom resolution within 3 weeks (510 h) after drug administration. Biochemical and haematological findings stayed within the normal range of values, but showed nevertheless a significant rise of Na, Cl, Ca, bilirubin, GGT and LDH. The unexpectedly high frequency and severity of adverse reactions after normal therapeutic dosage of MQ in healthy subjects may influence future recommendations regarding the use of MQ for stand-by treatment of suspected malaria in travellers.
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PMID:Unexpected frequency, duration and spectrum of adverse events after therapeutic dose of mefloquine in healthy adults. 1180 Dec 24

A multicenter, open labeled, randomized early Phase II study for CGS 20267 was conducted at the doses 0.5 mg once daily and 1.0 mg once daily in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to the doses of either 0.5 mg once daily (n = 33) or 1.0 mg once daily (n = 31). Thirty-one patients were eligible for 0.5 mg group, and 29 for 1.0 mg group. A total of 57 patients (30 in the 0.5 mg group and 27 in the 1.0 mg group) were eligible for the evaluation of efficacy. There were 3 CR, 5 PR, 5 stable disease (SD: NC lasting over 24 weeks), 7 NC and 10 PD in the 0.5 mg group. The objective response rate (ORR) was 26.7%. There were 4 CR, 7 PR, 8 SD, 3 NC and 5 PD in the 1.0 mg group. The ORR was 40.7%. A total of 57 patients (29 in the 0.5 mg group and 28 in the 1.0 mg group) were eligible for safety evaluation. Adverse clinical events related to CGS 20267 in the 0.5 mg group were headache, nausea, cold sweat, sleepiness and muscle ache in the lower extremities (2 patients, incidence rate 6.9%) whereas those in the 1.0 mg group were generalized itching and generalized hot feeling (2 patients, incidence rate 7.1%). All of the adverse events were grade 1 except the generalized itching which was grade 2. CGS 20267-related abnormalities in the laboratory tests for the 0.5 mg group were a decrease in WBC, and increases in GOT, GPT, LDH and gamma-GTP (5 patients, 14.3%) whereas those in the 1.0 mg group were increases in GPT, gamma-GTP, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin (1 patient, 3.6%). The increases in GOT and GPT were grade 2, but others were grade 1. The data show both CGS 20267 0.5 mg once daily and 1.0 mg once daily to be effective and tolerable in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:[CGS 20267 (Letrozole), a new aromatase inhibitor: early phase II study for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer]. 1197 39

Results from clinical trials do not allow definitive conclusions about the role of chemoembolization (ChE) in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. The aim of present phase II study was to investigate toxicity and efficacy of ChE for patients, with unresectable colorectal liver metastases after failure of 5-FU based chemotherapy. Secondary endpoint was clinical benefit measurement. Eleven patients were enrolled in first stage (two-stage Simon design), 2 males/9 females, median age 60 (46-71). Performance status was I in 8 patients and II in 3 patients. All patients had radical surgery, 7 of them adjuvant chemotherapy and 4 systemic chemotherapy. The ChE regimen consisted of an injection of iodinated oil Lipiodol with mitomycin C (3 mg/ml). Repeated treatments were performed at 9- to 12-week intervals. We applied 17 ChE (median 1/pts.). Clinical benefit was a composite of measurements of pain, ECOG performance status, weight and tumor fever. Study was stopped after first stage because non of the patients (pts) achieved objective response (RECIST). Stable disease occurred in 5 pts (45%). Median time to progression was 3 months (range 3-9 months). Median survival was 9 months (range 4-16 months). A decrease of the baseline carcinoembryonic antigen level occurred in 0% of the cases. Clinical benefit was recorded in one patient. Common toxicity included a "postembolization syndrome," which consisted of fever, pain in the right upper quadrant, nausea, and vomiting. Grades 3-4 toxicity (NCI-CTC) followed transaminases 6/11, LDH 4/11. In addition, a drop in F V levels was noted in 5 pts, F VII in 9, F IX in 2 and F X in 10 pts. Decrease in At III levels occurred in 6 pts and FDP appeared in one. Thus, The ChE as performed in the present study did not appear to bring any benefit; furthermore, significant liver toxicity compromises the safety of such procedure.
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PMID:Chemoembolization for liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: risk or a benefit. 1204 59

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a radiosensitive and chemosensitive tumour. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of an outpatient weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCT) plus radiotherapy for advanced NPC. From November 1998 to August 2001, 90 NPC patients meeting the following criteria were treated: (1) neck node >6 cm; (2) supraclavicular node metastasis; (3) skull base destruction/intracranial invasion plus multiple nodes metastasis; (4) multiple neck nodes metastasis with one of nodal size >4 cm; or (5) elevated serum LDH level. The NeoCT consists of cisplatin 60 mg m(-2), alternating with 5-fluorouracil 2500 mg m(-2) plus leucovorin 250 mg m(-2) (P-FL) by an outpatient weekly schedule for a total of 10 weeks. Local radiotherapy > or =70 Gy by conventional fractionation was delivered within 1 week after NeoCT. Patient compliance was rather good. Grade 3-4 toxicity of NeoCT included leucopaenia (7.8%), anaemia (18.9%), thrombocytopaenia (3.3%), nausea/vomiting (4.4%), and weight loss (1.1%). Response evaluated after NeoCT showed 73.3% complete response (CR) rate of primary tumour, 71.1% CR rate of neck nodes, and an overall CR rate of 57.8%. In all, 88 out of 90 patients received rebiopsy of primary tumour and 55 patients (62.5%) revealed pathological CR. After a median follow-up time of 24 months, one persistent disease and 18 relapses were noted. The 2-year nasopharynx disease-free, neck disease-free, distant disease-free, overall, and progression-free survival rates are 98.9, 95.9, 80.0, 92.1, and 77.5%, respectively. Preliminary data of the current study show that P-FL NeoCT plus radiotherapy is a low-toxic regimen with promising results on very advanced NPC patients and merits to be investigated in phase III trials.
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PMID:Outpatient weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: high complete response and low toxicity rates. 1261 May 1

Between the dates of May 4th-August 6th 2002, 46 cases were detected with abdominal pain nausea, vomiting, arthralgia/myalgia, headache, fever, diarrhea and rash, in the middle Blacksea and north inner Anatolia regions. Their laboratory findings yielded elevated levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH), leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. As the infection was treated easily with tetracyclines, clinical diagnosis was considered to be rickettsiosis or ehrlichiosis. Serum and blood samples obtained from some of the patients were tested against Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Leptospira and Coxiella, in the national and international laboratories. Samples from 19 patients were sent to National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Rickettsial Reference and Research Laboratory, France, and 7 of them were reported as acute Q fever while 8 of them were reported as passed Q fever (QF) cases. In May 2003, new cases with similar symptoms have been reported from the same regions, with different epidemiologic and serologic findings (tick exposure history was higher, response to tetracycline was lower, C. burnetii antibodies were negative), indicating a viral etiology. The samples of these patients have been sent to National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Viral Heamorrhagic Fevers, France, and the initial reports were marked as Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Then the serum samples of previous 26 patients which were stored in National Serum Bank have been retrospectively investigated for viral aetiology in the same center, and 17 of them have been found positive for CCHFV IgM antibodies. Four of these patients were diagnosed as acute QF in 2002, one was passed QF, 2 were negative for QF and 10 were patients not investigated for QF. As a result, the detection of the both infections together in the same area shows the essential need for further epidemiological investigations.
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PMID:[Epidemiological evaluation of a possible outbreak in and nearby Tokat province]. 1529


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