Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combination chemotherapy including cisplatin was administered intraarterially from the internal iliac artery as neoadjuvant chemotherapy to six patients with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (stage higher than IIIB of FIGO). The drugs and doses were mitomycin-C 10 mg/m2, vincristine 1 mg/m2, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2. Two or three courses were repeated at intervals of 3 weeks. In three patients, dose reductions were undertaken for decreased renal function and thrombocytopenia. Partial response was, however, observed in all patients (response rate 100%), and five of six patients were able to undergo a radical hysterectomy. The major toxic effects were leukocytopenia, nausea, and vomiting. Our preliminary experience suggests that pelvic intraarterial infusion of combination chemotherapy is effective against primary and advanced uterine cervical cancer, and this preoperative treatment can lead to easier radical hysterectomy. However, further studies are warranted.
Gynecol Oncol 1992 Dec
PMID:Neoadjuvant intraarterial infusion chemotherapy with a combination of mitomycin-C, vincristine, and cisplatin for locally advanced cervical cancer: a preliminary report. 147 55

Lymphatics have been suggested to play a major role in the absorption of dialysate, which consequently affects the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. Neostigmine has been found to decrease lymphatic absorption in rats, presumably by causing constriction of the lymphatic stomata. We investigated the effect of neostigmine on seven continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in a prospective study. We performed modified peritoneal equilibration tests both with and without intraperitoneal neostigmine in a random order. Radiolabeled albumin (0.8 mg) was added to 2 liters of dialysate +/- 2.0 mg neostigmine. We evaluated ultrafiltration and creatinine, phosphate, and urea clearances. The dialysate bag and the peritoneum were scanned at the initiation and conclusion of the four-hour dwell period. We found no change in ultrafiltration, residual volumes, creatinine, phosphate and urea clearances, or albumin recovered. Of the seven patients exposed to neostigmine, four had diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In conclusion, we found that 2 mg i.p. neostigmine did cause significant side-effects and did not alter transport characteristics in CAPD patients.
Kidney Int 1992 Dec
PMID:Effect of intraperitoneal neostigmine on peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD. 147 71

Sedation is frequently required in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 172 Paediatric patients (82 female and 90 male, age 42 +/- 26 months, weight 14.7 +/- 5.6 kg) entered an open, non-comparative, prospective study to assess the utilization of oral chloral hydrate. Chloral hydrate syrup (70 mg/ml) was administered 20-30 min prior to the procedure. Effective sedation was reached in 80.3% with an average initial dose of 55 mg/kg and in 93.6% with an average total dose of 65 mg/kg. Significant differences in effectivity were correlated with the dose (54 +/- 11 mg/kg in failure cases versus 66 +/- 16 mg/kg in effective cases; p < 0.05) and diagnosis (effectivity falls to 62.5% and 76.0% in children with medullar tumours and encephalic white matter alterations, respectively; p < 0.01). Average sleep induction time was 30 +/- 19 min, and average duration of sleep was 62 +/- 24 min. Adverse reactions occurred in 4.7%, with nausea, vomiting and stomach pain being the most common side-effects (3.5%). Multivariate statistical analysis selects total dose and age into the discriminant function, with a 100% relative percentage of correct classification. A simple method for optimizing the chloral hydrate dose in children is proposed: the dose in mg/kg is calculated as half the age in months + 50.
Pharm Weekbl Sci 1992 Dec 11
PMID:Administration of oral chloral hydrate to paediatric patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. 147 73

Twelve patients with a history of cerebral ischemia were randomized to treatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextromethorphan (60 or 90 mg p.o. q.i.d.) or placebo for 2 weeks in a randomized, safety study. Neuropsychological testing did not detect evidence of cognitive dysfunction; however, side effects including lightheadedness, drowsiness, nausea, decreased coordination, and unsteady gait were reported by several patients while taking dextromethorphan.
Clin Neuropharmacol 1992 Dec
PMID:Tolerability of oral dextromethorphan in patients with a history of brain ischemia. 147 51

Fifty pregnant women with a hemoglobin between > 10 and < or = 12 g/100 ml during the second three months of pregnancy participated in a non-comparative clinical trial intended to evaluate, during a one month treatment period, the acceptability and effectiveness of an iron supplement (Bio-fer), combined with a high iron diet. Gastric discomfort regressed (present in 11 and 3 women before and after treatment) (p < 0.05), the same applying to constipation (p < 0.05) (present in 17 and 8 women before and after treatment). Reasons for abandoning treatment were nausea (n = 2) and vertigo (n = 1). Anemia or deficiency, evaluated on the basis of hemoglobin and iron-binding capacity levels, improved or stabilised in 34 patients out of 47 (72.3%). Hemoglobin increased (p < 0.0001) on average from 11.4 +/- 0.6 to 11.7 +/- 0.8 g/100 ml.
Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1992 Dec
PMID:[Efficacy and tolerance of a dietary iron supplement (Bio-fer) in pregnancy anemia]. 148 77

Ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg, given intravenously (IV) every 4 hours for three doses, has replaced metoclopramide as standard antiemetic therapy for patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Several clinical observations suggested that ondansetron may be effective when given in a single dose: (1) demonstration of efficacy over a wide dose range, (2) similar efficacy with dosing intervals of 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours, and (3) efficacy of single-dose regimens with high-dose metoclopramide and other 5-hydroxytryptamine3 antagonists. In this study, patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized to receive one of three ondansetron dosing regimens: ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg IV every 4 hours x 3 (standard schedule), ondansetron 32 mg IV x 1, or ondansetron 8 mg IV x 1. All patients were chemotherapy naive, at least 18 years of age, Karnofsky performance status > or = 60%, and inpatients. The number of emetic episodes, nausea, and food intake were measured during the 24 hours following cisplatin administration. Six hundred eighteen evaluable patients were randomized to the three ondansetron treatment groups; 301 received moderate-dose cisplatin (50 to 70 mg/m2) and 317 received high-dose cisplatin (> or = 100 mg/m2). Patients in both cisplatin groups receiving ondansetron 32 mg had a higher complete response rate, lower failure rate, fewer total emetic episodes, less nausea, and more food intake than did patients receiving ondansetron 8 mg. In addition, the 32-mg schedule was superior to the standard three-dose schedule in that it had a lower failure rate and higher food intake and was equivalent to the standard regimen in all other comparisons. All three schedules were well tolerated. Ondansetron 32 mg given prior to cisplatin is superior to a single 8-mg dose and is at least as effective, if not superior to, the standard three-dose schedule (0.15 mg/kg every 4 hours). On the basis of these data, ondansetron 32 mg should be considered standard therapy in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy and should be the schedule with which new antiemetics and alternate dosing schedules are compared.
Semin Oncol 1992 Dec
PMID:Single-dose ondansetron for the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: efficacy results. 148 76

The selective 5-hydroxytryptamine3 antagonist ondansetron has been shown to be effective in preventing nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cisplatin chemotherapy. Two multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison studies (S3A-361 and S3A-362) were undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral ondansetron in patients receiving non-cisplatin, cyclophosphamide-based regimens in the outpatient setting. Chemotherapy-naive patients undergoing their first cycle of cyclophosphamide-based (> or = 500 mg/m2) chemotherapy were randomized to receive placebo or ondansetron, 1, 4, or 8 mg, three times per day for 3 days. In addition to cyclophosphamide, all patients received doxorubicin, methotrexate, or another low-to-moderately emetogenic agent. In study S3A-361, 318 of 349 patients were evaluable for efficacy; 297 of 324 patients in study S3A-362 were evaluable for efficacy. All patients in both studies were evaluable for safety. All ondansetron groups were superior to placebo groups in both studies for all measured efficacy parameters. In the two studies combined, 14%, 47%, 65%, and 66% of patients in the placebo, 1-, 4-, and 8-mg ondansetron groups, respectively, experienced no emetic episodes. The rate of therapeutic failure was statistically lower in the ondansetron groups in both studies compared with the placebo groups. In addition, therapeutic failure decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Severity of nausea, food intake, time to first emetic episode, and need for rescue antiemetics were also improved for the ondansetron groups. When the patients were stratified for doxorubicin-containing regimens, those patients receiving doxorubicin had a lower response rate with placebo and ondansetron than those on non-doxorubicin regimens. However, a dose-related improvement in efficacy was still observed with ondansetron in this subset of patients. In patients receiving the more emetogenic high-dose cyclophosphamide (> or = 600 mg/m2) regimens, a dose-related improvement in efficacy also was observed. In conclusion, oral ondansetron was found to be an effective and safe antiemetic for patients receiving cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy in the outpatient setting. The 8-mg dose was optimal, particularly in patients receiving doxorubicin-containing or high-dose cyclophosphamide regimens.
Semin Oncol 1992 Dec
PMID:Efficacy of ondansetron tablets in the management of chemotherapy-induced emesis: review of clinical trials. 148 78

Mifepristone (an antiprogesterone) and misoprostol (a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1) were administered to 60 women diagnosed with missed abortion or anembryonic pregnancy (gestation sac present but no developing embryo) equivalent to 13 weeks' gestation or less who were recruited after counselling. The median age was 227 (range 15-44), and the median duration of amenorrhoea was 71 (42-110) days. 25 of the women had been referred for ultrasound scanning because of bleeding in early pregnancy, while the rest were diagnosed by routine scanning. 29 patients had anembryonic pregnancies, and 31 had a missed abortion. Each patient received a 600 mg single oral dose of mifepristone, and 36-48 hours later misoprostol 600 mcg was given orally (400 mcg and, 2 hours later, 200 mcg). If the products of conception were not expelled within 4 hours, vaginal ultrasonography was performed. 8 patients aborted with mifepristone alone, 43 aborted after taking 600 mcg of misoprostol, and 5 more aborted after receiving a 2nd divided dose of 600 mcg misoprostol. In 3 patients the treatment failed, and they underwent evacuation of the uterus under general anaesthesia. Exploratory curettage was performed in 2 other patients at 14 and 22 days after treatment with misoprostol, but no products of conception were obtained. The median time from administration of misoprostol to abortion was 4 (1-11) hours. The median duration of bleeding after abortion was 10 (2-22) days. Side effects included nausea, vomiting (5 patients received antiemetic drugs), and diarrhoea (7 patients) from misoprostol treatment. 39 women did not want any pain relief, 13 asked for oral analgesia, and 7 obtained parenteral analgesia.
BMJ 1992 Dec 05
PMID:Medical management of missed abortion and anembryonic pregnancy. 148 4

Twenty-nine patients with metastatic prostate cancer that had progressed following orchiectomy were treated with intravenous epirubicin 90 mg/m2 every 28 days. Their median age was 71 years (range 49-78) and the median Zubrod scale (WHO score) was 1. Two patients had soft tissue lesions, 20 had bone metastases and 7 had both. Tumour response was assessed according to the National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria. Of 29 patients, 11 (38%) achieved a partial remission. The median duration of response was 6 months and the median survival time of all patients was 9 months (range 2-27). It seemed that treatment with epirubicin was not associated with an increase in survival. Toxicity was moderate and consisted of alopecia and mild nausea/vomiting. There was no significant haematological toxicity and no clinical cardiotoxicity. It was concluded that epirubicin was active in hormone-resistant metastatic prostate cancer in approximately 33% of the patients.
Br J Urol 1992 Dec
PMID:Phase II study of epirubicin in advanced hormone-resistant prostatic carcinoma. 148 91

Diuretics can result in various undesired biochemical changes, such as impotence, skin rashes, nausea, dizziness and lethargy as well as subjective side effects. The side effects are mostly predictable, their effects depending on both the circulatory blood volume and on the transport of water and solute in the renal tubules. Two of the commonest side effects are mild hypovolaemia, when any diuretic is used, and mild hypokalaemia when the non-potassium-sparing diuretics, such as thiazides and frusemide are used. Its occurrence is dose dependent and can be corrected by potassium supplements, but potassium-retaining diuretics, which also correct the often associated fall in serum magnesium, are preferable. Many reports link hypokalaemia with cardiac arrhythmias, but some dispute this association in the absence of the concomitant use of digoxin. Hyponatraemia rarely occurs, but can be life threatening. Calcium excretion is markedly reduced, but unlike other electrolyte disturbances from diuretics, this may be valuable: some suggest diuretics have an anti-osteoporotic action. Diuretics increase glucose and insulin resistance and should be used sparingly in diabetics. They rarely cause a non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma. Urate is raised, but clinical gout is not common. Cholesterol elevation has been reported in some studies, but long-term studies indicate that lipid changes are minor. Other rare side effects are not predictable from their pharmacological actions and these include the occurrence of skin rashes, thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis and interstitial nephritis; and ototoxicity from frusemide.
Eur Heart J 1992 Dec
PMID:Adverse reactions to diuretics. 148 14


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