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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an open, randomized study we have compared the safety and efficacy of propofol with thiamylal for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia supplemented by nitrous oxide in elective termination of pregnancy. Induction of anaesthesia was achieved with either propofol 2.5 mg kg-1 or thiamylal 4.0 mg kg-1 followed by maintenance with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and repeat boluses of 25% of the induction dose i.v. as indicated clinically. Both drugs induced and maintained anaesthesia reliably, with some minor differences. Recovery from propofol was significantly more rapid. The patients in the propofol group were alert and orientated early in the postoperative period, with less nausea or vomiting. Propofol has properties that are of particular benefit in anaesthesia for ambulatory surgery.
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PMID:Comparison of propofol and thiamylal for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia for outpatient surgery. 326 9

A total of 110 patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anesthetized in random order with either isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen or isoflurane in air and oxygen. Fentanyl was used as an adjunct to isoflurane in all patients, 0.05 mg every 45 min. No difference was found between the two anesthetic techniques in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, or both during the first 24 hr after operation. The overall incidence was 62 and 67% for air-O2 and N2O-O2 groups, respectively. Patients who had had nausea or vomiting after previous anesthetics had nausea or vomiting significantly more frequently than patients who did not. It is concluded that nitrous oxide does not contribute to the occurrence of nausea or vomiting after isoflurane anesthesia for gynecologic laparotomies.
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PMID:Nitrous oxide does not increase the incidence of nausea and vomiting after isoflurane anesthesia. 330 Apr 26

Ninety patients scheduled for general or orthopaedic surgical procedures were randomly assigned to receive one of three i.m. premedications: dixyrazine 0.5 mg kg-1; morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and scopolamine 0.0065 mg kg-1; or placebo. The premedication was administered and evaluated in a double-blind fashion. The patients were anaesthetized with thiopentone, fentanyl, pancuronium, and ventilated with nitrous oxide in oxygen. The three premedications had no noticeable anxiolytic effect. Although there was no difference in the frequency of observed postoperative nausea and vomiting between the three groups, premedication with dixyrazine nonetheless reduced the patients' experience of postoperative nausea as well as their need for postoperative antiemetics. Although patients in the two treatment groups were significantly more sedated immediately before induction of anaesthesia than patients receiving placebo, the degree of postoperative sedation was similar in all three groups. Morphine-scopolamine caused more postoperative dizziness than dixyrazine and placebo. Lack of recall was produced by both morphine-scopolamine and dixyrazine. It is concluded that premedication with dixyrazine is a useful alternative, especially in patients who have previously experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:Premedication with intramuscular dixyrazine: (Esucos). A controlled double-blind comparison with morphine-scopolamine and placebo. 334 73

To determine the efficacy of meperidine in controlling shivering during epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section, forty-six parturients were studied. After delivery of the infant, shivering patients received either a single dose of intravenous meperidine 50 mg, or saline in a randomized double-blind fashion. Shivering was classified on a scale of 0 to 3 (grade 0 = none, grade 3 = severe shivering that was distressing to the patient and interfered with monitoring). Shivering and other variables were recorded at epidural placement, skin incision, delivery, and 2, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes following injection. Administration of meperidine resulted in a significant decrease in both the overall incidence of shivering (87 to 35 per cent, p less than 0.01) and severity of shivering (grade 3:57 to 0 per cent, p less than 0.01), compared with saline (incidence: 87 to 83 per cent, grade 3:57 per cent, no change). This effect was apparent within two minutes of drug injection and persisted throughout the study period. There were no differences in vital signs, oxygen saturation or temperature between groups. The incidence of nausea was similar, although patients receiving meperidine were more drowsy at two and five minutes following injection (p less than 0.01) compared with patients in the saline group. There were no differences in level of consciousness at the later intervals. The mechanism of action of meperidine on shivering remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Intravenous meperidine for control of shivering during caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. 335 50

Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using the i.v. 133Xe technique was carried out during resection of a right temporooccipital arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with ipsilateral middle and posterior cerebral arterial supply. Intraoperatively, a rCBF detector was in place over the right frontotemporal area, about 5 to 6 cm from the border of the AVM. Anesthesia was 0.75% isoflurane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. After dural exposure, the rCBF was 27 ml/100 g/min at a pCO2 of 29 mm Hg and a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 90 mm Hg. The pCO2 was then elevated to 40 mm Hg, and the rCBF was increased to 55 ml/100 g/min at a MAP of 83 mm Hg. After AVM removal, the rCBF rose to 50 ml/100 g/min at a pCO2 of 27 mm Hg and a MAP of 75 mm Hg. The pCO2 was elevated to 33 mm Hg and the rCBF increased to 86 ml/100 g/min at a MAP of 97 mm Hg. During skin closure, the rCBF was 94 ml/100 g/min at a pCO2 of 26 mm Hg and a MAP of 97 mm Hg. The patient was neurologically normal postoperatively except for a mild, new visual field defect. After 2 to 3 days, the patient gradually developed lethargy, confusion, and nausea with relatively normal blood pressure. An angiogram revealed residual enlargement of the posterior cerebral artery feeding vessel. Computed tomography showed edema extending from the area of AVM resection as far as the frontal region, producing a significant midline shift anteriorly. Intraoperative rCBF monitoring revealed significant hyperperfusion after AVM resection, which was associated with signs and symptoms of the normal perfusion pressure breakthrough syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:133Xe blood flow monitoring during arteriovenous malformation resection: a case of intraoperative hyperperfusion with subsequent brain swelling. 337 91

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic currently available for clinical investigative use. The intraoperative and postoperative effects of propofol were compared to methohexital when used as an adjuvant to nitrous oxide for outpatient anesthesia. Sixty healthy young women were randomly assigned to receive either methohexital, 1.5 mg/kg intravenously (IV), or propofol, 2.5 mg/kg IV, for induction of anesthesia. Both drugs produced transient cardiovascular and respiratory depression after induction. Maintenance of anesthesia consisted of either methohexital, 6 +/- 2 mg/min, or propofol, 7 +/- 2 mg/min (mean +/- SD) by continuous infusion in combination with nitrous oxide, 70% in oxygen. Use of a propofol infusion was associated with lower blood pressures and heart rates during maintenance. Propofol was associated with fewer side effects (e.g., hiccoughing, nausea, and vomiting) intra- and postoperatively. Recovery times for awakening, orientation, and ambulation were consistently shorter with propofol. We conclude that propofol is a useful alternative to methohexital for induction and maintenance of outpatient anesthesia.
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PMID:Comparison of propofol with methohexital for outpatient anesthesia. 349 Jan 95

The effectiveness of 50 mg cyclizine and 2.5 mg perphenazine against the emetic sequelae of 100 mg meptazinol were studied in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Three groups of 40 women received the opioid, together with an anti-emetic by i.m. injection, as premedication prior to minor gynaecological surgery. Beneficial or noxious effects were noted at standard time intervals and anaesthesia standardized as incremental methohexitone with nitrous oxide/oxygen. In the placebo group, 33 out of 40 subjects experienced either nausea or vomiting at some time after the opioid. Cyclizine, 50 mg, provided significant reduction of emetic tendency in both pre-operative and post-operative phases of the study with 22 out of 40 subjects experiencing nausea or vomiting overall. Perphenazine, 2.5 mg, showed no useful anti-emetic effect. Both anti-emetics increased the soporific effect of premedication at the 90-min interval. Subjects receiving perphenazine experienced significantly more dizziness than those of other groups.
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PMID:The influence of cyclizine and perphenazine on the emetic effect of meptazinol. 353 89

A case of postoperative neuroleptic malignant syndrome is presented. A healthy 23-year-old male underwent a shoulder repair under uneventful fentanyl, halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. He received droperidol 5 mg IV and metoclopramide 10 mg IV intraoperatively to prevent postoperative nausea. Postoperatively, the patient developed autonomic instability, fever and generalized muscle rigidity. His level of consciousness was depressed. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The supportive treatment of the patient included active cooling measures, muscle relaxation and mechanical ventilation. The ability of anti-dopaminergic agents, including metoclopramide and droperidol, to precipitate the neuroleptic malignant syndrome is discussed. Treatment of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Postoperative neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A case report. 366 20

Bennett (1975) reported that signs and symptoms of the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS) appeared including nausea, dizziness, tremors of the hands and arms, increased slow wave activity in electroencephalogram, especially in the theta band (4-7 Hz) with depression of alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (20 Hz and higher) on compression with oxygen-helium to depths greater than 500 ft (16 ATA). Earlier studies have indicated that the HPNS may be controlled by use of an increased nitrogen partial pressure, slowing compression rate or excluding subject who has higher susceptibility to HPNS. For determining the effect of slowing compression rate, it was changed to new compression profile of linear compression to 31 ATA with intermediate stops in SEADRAGON-VI carried out at JAMSTEC in 1983. All divers to compressed to 31 ATA using the new rate complained few and slight signs and symptoms involved HPNS than ever experienced.
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PMID:[On the compression rate for inhibiting high pressure nervous syndrome under high pressure helium atmosphere]. 372

Central nervous system oxygen toxicity is currently the limiting factor in underwater swimming/diving operations using closed-circuit oxygen equipment. A dive series was conducted at the Navy Experimental Diving Unit in Panama City, FL, to determine whether these limits can be safely extended and also to evaluate the feasibility of making excursions to increased depth after a previous transit at a shallower depth for various lengths of time. A total of 465 man-dives were conducted on 14 different experimental profiles. In all, 33 episodes of oxygen toxicity were encountered, including 2 convulsions. Symptoms were classified as probable, definite, or convulsion. Findings were as follows: symptom classification is a useful tool in evaluating symptoms of oxygen toxicity; safe exposure limits should generally be adjusted only as a result of definite symptoms or convulsions; the following single-depth dive limits are proposed: 20 fsw (6.1 msw)--240 min, 25 fsw (7.6 msw)--240 min, 30 fsw (9.1 msw)--80 min, 35 fsw (10.7 msw)--25 min, 40 fsw (12.2 msw)--15 min, 50 fsw (15.2 msw)--10 min; a pre-exposure of up to 4 h at 20 fsw causes only a slight increase in the probability of an oxygen toxicity symptom on subsequent downward excursions; a pre-exposure depth of 25 fsw will have a more adverse effect on subsequent excursions than will 20 fsw; a return to 20 fsw for periods of 95-110 min seems to provide an adequate recovery period from an earlier excursion and enables a second excursion to be taken without additional hazard; nausea was the most commonly noted symptom of oxygen toxicity, followed by muscle twitching and dizziness; dives on which oxygen toxicity episodes were noted had a more rapid rate of core temperature cooling than dives without toxicity episodes; several divers who had passed the U.S. Navy Oxygen Tolerance Test were observed to be reproducibly more susceptible to oxygen toxicity than the other experimental divers.
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PMID:Central nervous system oxygen toxicity in closed circuit scuba divers II. 372 83


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