Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In seven patients with head and neck cancer, two-route-infusion chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and sodium thiosulfate (STS) was performed and their pharmacokinetics were studied. As for the time of administration of STS, the treatment courses were classified into 4 groups: STS was given 10 minutes after the administration of CDDP in group I, 30 minutes in group II, 60 minutes in group III and the same schedule as group II in addition to prior loading of STS in group IV. The peak level of plasma CDDP was 1.27-3.33 micrograms/ml and the half-lives of the alpha-phase in groups I, II, III and IV were 58, 97, 126 and 44 minutes, respectively. The peak level of plasma non-protein-bound CDDP was 1.00 +/- 0.45 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 53 minutes. The peak level of plasma STS was 32.2 and 33.3 mg/dl and the half-life was 95 minutes. No serious side effect was observed but slight nausea and anorexia occurred in two courses. This study suggests that the liberation of CDDP from protein-bound CDDP was achieved by administration of STS and that the urinary excretion of CDDP from the plasma was also increased immediately after the administration of STS. The mechanism of relief of CDDP side effects by STS is supposed to involve both a neutralizing action CDDP and reversal of CDDP-induced, cross-linked DNA.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic study of cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate in two-route-infusion chemotherapy]. 396 47

Sodium cyanate, a drug that selectively suppresses amino acid incorporation for protein synthesis in tumor tissue, was given to patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma who had failed to conventional therapy, with the purpose of assessing a maximum tolerable oral dose. At 35 mg/kg p.o. daily, the drug had to be stopped in approximately half (4) of the patients because of gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea, vomiting) and neurologic toxicity (hallucinations, disorientation). However, in 5 other patients, at the same dose, the drug was well tolerated for up to 147 days and for a total cumulative dose of 308 g. In this group of patients, sodium cyanate was stopped because of evidence of tumor progression. No hematologic toxicity was observed. We observed no therapeutic effects. We therefore recommend a starting dose of 30 mg/kg p.o. if a phase-II study is considered.
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PMID:Phase-I clinical trial of sodium cyanate in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. 401 Nov 10

The effects of high sodium 144 mmol/l (mEq/l) dialysate were studied in normotensive, hypertensive and anephric chronic hemodialysis patients. Comparisons of blood pressures, weights and side effects associated with the hemodialysis procedure were made between two 6-month periods using dialysate sodium concentration of 133 mmol/l (mEq/l), followed by a high dialysate sodium of 144 mmol/l (mEq/l), each patient acting as his own control. No difference was found in the frequency of cramps or 'disequilibrium' side effects (nausea, vomiting, headache, restlessness). High sodium dialysate is beneficial for normotensive and anephric patients in reducing dialysis-induced hypotension and was not associated with any deleterious effects on long-term blood pressure control. In hypertensive patients, the benefit is less clear, and hypertension may increase.
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PMID:Effects of high sodium dialysate during maintenance hemodialysis. 403 43

Effects of a new low-dosage combination oral contraceptive containing .5 mg WY3707 (a progestational substance) plus .05 mg ethinyl estradiol were studied on 30 normal women. Findings based on 25 patients remaining in the study for 5 months indicate a weight gain (64%), a tendency to hypo- and oligomenorrhea (58.3%), headache (52%), dizziness (44%) and nausea (20%) as common side-effects. Blood pressure recordings were below 140/90 and had no major variations. Blood sodium and potassium levels, measured before therapy initiation and 2 and 5 months after use, showed no significant changes. Discussion centers on 20 previous studies relating oral contraceptives to blood electrolytes and pressure and weight and menstrual changes.
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PMID:Effect of a new low-dosage oral contraceptive pill on blood electrolytes. A combined clinical and laboratory evaluation. 576 88

Since November 1981, 90 cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy (CMF, FAC, FAM) have been studied to evaluate whether the administration of Synchrodyn 1-17, 100 micrograms i.m. a day for 15 consecutive days, could reduce some side effects caused by the cytotoxic drugs. Nausea, vomiting and weakness which are the most frequent side effects generally found to be very upsetting to patients, were less pronounced in the treated patients than in patients treated with a placebo. The performance status was not modified by the treatment. Skin pigmentation was noted in the majority of cases and it appeared to be related to the sustained treatment with high dosages of the peptide. Some side effects were observed in the treated patients such as sodium retention and hypertension, hyperglycemia. Successively we have begun to study the circadian rhythm of the cortisol, which often changes during the advanced stages of the illness and which chemotherapy does not seem to alter.
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PMID:ACTH 1-17 effects in oncology. 609 Dec 45

The syndrome of tumor-induced osteomalacia has been previously thought to occur only in association with mesenchymal tumors, although one report has linked prostatic carcinoma with the syndrome. We report the case of a patient who presented first with the clinical and biochemical features of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and then oncogenic osteomalacia. The first syndrome was characterized by headaches, nausea, and vomiting; serum sodium determinations ranged between 107 and 118 meq/L with simultaneous urine spot sodium concentrations of 100 to 116 meq/L. The circulating antidiuretic hormone level was markedly elevated to 261.5 microU/mL. The osteomalacia was discovered incidentally when depressed serum phosphorus levels of 1.2 to 1.7 mg/dL were noted in association with 24-hour urine phosphorus excretion exceeding 1000 mg/24 h. Undecalcified tetracycline-labeled bone biopsy samples confirmed oncogenic osteomalacia. Only afterward was a small-cell carcinoma of the lung identified as the likely source of both of these syndromes.
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PMID:Oncogenic osteomalacia and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion due to oat-cell carcinoma. 609 61

In 70-80% of asthmatic patients, an attack of asthma will follow 6-10 min of strenuous exercise. The increase in airway resistance is accompanied by hyperinflation and arterial hypoxemia and makes it difficult to continue or resume exercise. The past 10 yr have seen major advances in the prevention and treatment of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The beta-sympathomimetic drugs, when administered as aerosols, have been shown to be most effective in reversing the airway obstruction, hyperinflation, and exercise-induced hypoxemia in patients with asthma. When administered as aerosols prior to exercise, the increase in airways resistance, hyperinflation, and hypoxemia are blocked in about 90% of patients. In addition to the sympathomimetic agents, sodium cromoglycate will also ameliorate or prevent EIA in 60-70% of patients. Oral administration of beta-sympathomimetics or methylxanthines is less efficacious in the prevention or treatment of EIA. Delay in absorption from the gastrointestinal tract requires at least 1-2 h before a significant response is observed. Prevention of EIA requires an adequate blood level, possibly because a high concentration of the drug does not reach the airway when the drug is given by the oral route. More importantly, aerosol administration prevents EIA at a fraction of the dose required orally. The side effects, such as nausea, tachycardia, and skeletal muscle tremor commonly observed following oral bronchodilator administration are rare with aerosol therapy.
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PMID:Drugs affecting the respiratory system with particular reference to asthma. 611 44

Uncontrolled studies have suggested that sulphasalazine may be an effective second line agent in rheumatoid arthritis. Sulphasalazine was therefore compared with placebo and intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate in 90 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. After six months' treatment both sulphasalazine and sodium aurothiomalate had produced significant clinical and laboratory benefit, whereas placebo had produced no significant change in any variable. Thirteen patients stopped taking the placebo because of lack of effect whereas only two patients stopped taking sulphasalazine and one sodium aurothiomalate for this reason. The major toxicity encountered in the group treated with sulphasalazine was nausea or vomiting, or both; this may be related to slow acetylator phenotype. Sulphasalazine appears to be an effective second line agent, and further pharmacokinetic studies might prove useful in diminishing gastrointestinal side effects.
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PMID:Sulphasalazine in rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind comparison of sulphasalazine with placebo and sodium aurothiomalate. 613 17

Forty consecutive patients with coronary artery disease undergoing left ventricular angiography took part in a randomised double blind trial comparing a conventional contrast medium sodium meglumine iothalamate (Cardio-Conray) with the low osmolar agent iopamidol. Iopamidol produced a smaller rise in heart rate and a smaller fall in left ventricular systolic pressure, but the changes in left ventricular and diastolic pressure and maximum rate of change of pressure (dP/dt max) were not different. The numbers of extrasystoles per minute for five minutes after ventriculography were similar in both groups except for the first 15 seconds, when the number of extrasystoles was increased in the iopamidol group. The frequency and magnitude of symptoms (heat, angina, headache, nausea) were significantly different in two groups. Iopamidol caused less haemodynamic disturbance than Cardio-Conray, although the improvement is small and offers no advantage in reducing symptoms or extrasystoles.
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PMID:Contrast media for left ventricular angiography. A comparison between Cardio-Conray and iopamidol. 620 Jan 29

Controversy exists as to whether or not duodenitis alone can cause peptic ulcer symptoms. A modified provocation perfusion test has been performed in 10 symptomatic patients with duodenitis confirmed by endoscopy and histology. The test was conducted without the patient being aware of whether 0.1 N hydrocholoric acid, normal saline, or 8.5% sodium bicarbonate was being perfused directly on the area of duodenitis through the endoscopic irrigation cannula at a fixed rate of 10 ml/min for 10 min. The test was also performed in eight patients with dyspepsia alone and in five patients with chronic duodenal ulceration. Intraduodenal infusion of acid reproduced the epigastric pain in all patients with peptic duodenitis and duodenal ulcer patients, including the feeling of nausea in several which was partially relieved by bicarbonate infusion. In patients with dyspepsia but no peptic duodenitis, the symptoms were not reproduced. It would appear that "peptic duodenitis" can cause symptoms and that this "pain provocation test" may prove useful in its diagnosis.
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PMID:Pain provocation test in peptic duodenitis. 631 25


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