Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to examine the influence of carotid baroreceptor stimulation on arginine vasopressin secretion, 8 normal healthy males were subjected to static neck suction of -3.3 kPa for 20 min in the upright sitting position after overnight food and fluid restriction. The plasma concentration of arginine vasopressin did not change significantly during neck suction. However, in 3 subjects the termination of neck suction induced large increases in plasma arginine vasopressin from 1.8 to 63.7 ng/l, from 0.7 to 34.3 ng/l and from 2.1 to 19.0 ng/l, respectively. Two subjects experienced symptoms such as nausea and paleness during neck suction. Systolic arterial pressure increased slightly but significantly during neck suction from 15.3 +/- 0.3 to 15.7 +/- 0.4 kPa (N = 7, P less than 0.05), whereas mean arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, plasma osmolality, plasma sodium and potassium were unchanged. Haemoglobin concentration in blood and haematocrit increased significantly during and after neck suction, whereas plasma volume decreased. We conclude that neck suction with a negative pressure of 3.3 kPa in upright sitting man does not significantly affect plasma arginine vasopressin. However, termination of the stimulation induces large increases in some subjects. This may be explained by a direct effect on the vagus nerve or by a selective deloading of carotid baroreceptors.
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PMID:Plasma arginine vasopressin during neck suction in upright sitting man. 382 42

Twenty-one adult patients hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections due to Branhamella catarrhalis or Haemophilus influenzae or both were treated with the combination of oral amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) in an open, noncomparative clinical trial. Diseases included pneumonia, empyema, and exacerbations of bronchiectasis and chronic lung disease. Thirteen of 16 B. catarrhalis and six of nine H. influenzae isolates were beta-lactamase positive. The patients with B. catarrhalis were treated for a mean of 5.3 days, and those with H. influenzae were treated for a mean of 7.0 days. The overall response to therapy was excellent, with 18 of 19 beta-lactamase-producing strains eradicated on therapy. One patient secondarily infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was a clinical failure, and two patients with H. influenzae who became culture positive again after therapy were considered microbiologic failures. Gastrointestinal side effects (especially nausea) were common, although all patients completed a course of therapy. Sputum levels of amoxicillin were surprisingly low (less than 0.05 to 0.54 micrograms/ml), a finding which may explain the high relapse rate (22%) seen with H. influenzae, as these are below the usual MICs of amoxicillin for this organism. The combination of amoxicillin plus potassium clavulanate appears to be an excellent drug for treatment of beta-lactamase-producing strains of these two species, although mild gastrointestinal side effects are common.
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PMID:Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. 387 10

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a disorder of gut motility resulting in severe abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting after eating. The avoidance of food in order to minimize symptoms causes malnutrition. To date, no medical or surgical treatment has been shown to be of lasting benefit. We treated 10 patients disabled by chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction using home parenteral nutrition. All were rendered minimally symptomatic as long as they refrained from significant oral intake. Nine of the 10 patients were malnourished prior to the institution of treatment. Home parenteral nutrition increased mean total body weight from 74.7 +/- 2.9 to 93.5 +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.001), mean lean body mass from 78.4 +/- 6.5 to a mean of 92.7 +/- 2.6 (p less than 0.02), and mean body fat from 57.1 +/- 8.8 to 83.8 +/- 8.2% of expected values (p less than 0.05). Mean total body potassium increased from 68.8 +/- 13.1 to 80.5 +/- 10.7 g (p less than 0.05). We conclude that in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, home parenteral nutrition coupled with minimal oral intake effectively relieves symptoms and significantly improves the nutritional depletion.
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PMID:Successful management of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction with home parenteral nutrition. 392 33

A young healthy male, who had three consecutive episodes of postoperative hyperthermia was anaesthetized with special precautions to prevent malignant hyperthermia. Despite neuroleptic anaesthesia and dantrolene pretreatment, the patient experienced post-anaesthetic hyperthermia. The patient's clinical picture was almost identical to the symptoms experienced by two of his maternal relatives. All three experienced nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps and high fever which occurred between five to seven hours after general anaesthesia. The serum potassium (K) and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels determined during the hyperthermic episode and on the next day were not elevated. On the basis of the patient's family history, his clinical picture, and his laboratory data, we speculate that this patient might have a form of malignant hyperthermia or a possible new variant.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia: a possible new variant. 400 78

A study was conducted to determine if cisplatin (CDDP) can be given at higher doses than usual, utilizing aggressive supportive measures. Twelve patients were entered into three dose levels of CDDP: level I, 180 mg/m2 given as a short infusion; level II, 220 mg/m2 also given as a short infusion; level III, 200 mg/m2 divided in five daily doses, each infused over 6 hours. In all cases, CDDP was dissolved and given in 250 ml of a 5% saline solution. For levels I and II, intravenous hydration with 200 to 250 ml/hour D5 1/2NS with potassium and magnesium supplements, was started 24 hours before therapy and continued for 3 to 4 days after, longer if nausea persisted. Mannitol was given before (25% solution, 50 ml bolus) and after (20% solution, 500 ml over 3 hours) CDDP. At level III hydration with the same intravenous (IV) fluids was begun the day before therapy and continued without interruption at 200 to 250 ml/hour for a minimum of 24 hours after the completion of the 5 days of chemotherapy. Each daily dose of CDDP was preceded by injection of mannitol (25% solution, 50 ml bolus) and accompanied by a 6-hour infusion of 1000 ml 20% mannitol. Three patients received five CDDP courses at level I; 4 patients, seven courses at level II; and 5 patients, seven courses at level III. Ototoxicity was dose-limiting in three patients at level II. Transient elevation of serum creatinine was seen following two courses at level I and two courses at level II. The renal impairment was asymptomatic in all cases; dialysis was not needed. At level II, leukocyte nadir counts between 1.0 and 2.0 X 10(3)/mm3 were seen following two courses and between 2.0 and 3.0 X 10(3)/mm3 following three courses. Platelet nadir counts below 50 X 10(3)/mm3 were recorded after four courses and between 50 and 100 X 10(3)/mm3 after one course. Nausea and vomiting occurred frequently, but were tolerable. At level III, myelosuppression was dose-limiting. Nadir leukocyte counts between 1.0 and 2.0 X 10(3)/mm3 followed four courses and between 2.0 and 3.0 followed one course. Nadir platelet counts below 50 X 10(3)/mm3 were seen after three courses; two patients required prophylactic platelet transfusions. Nadirs between 50 and 100 X 10(3) platelets/mm3 followed three further courses. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity did not occur at level III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:High-dose cisplatin in patients with advanced malignancies. 403 68

Forty patients were studied in a randomised trial to investigate the effect of pre-operative oral dantrolene on the increase of serum myoglobin and creatinine kinase due to suxamethonium administration. Twenty patients in the treatment group were given 1.5 mg/kg dantrolene orally 4 hours pre-operatively. Blood was drawn immediately pre-induction and 5, 10 and 20 minutes after suxamethonium 1.2 mg/kg administration, following which surgery could commence. Myoglobin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The increase in mean myoglobin values was greatly reduced following suxamethonium in the treatment group (10.6 micrograms/litre at 20 minutes) compared to the control group (54.8 micrograms/litre at 20 minutes), (p less than 0.01). Total fasciculation score was not significantly reduced by the dantrolene pretreatment. No increase in creatinine kinase values occurred in any patient and the changes in mean potassium values in both groups were negligible. The only side effect attributed to dantrolene was pre-operative nausea in two patients. No interference with the action of suxamethonium, or difficulty with reversal was noticed. Oral dantrolene may be almost as effective as pretreatment with non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs in preventing suxamethonium-induced increase in myoglobin with less interaction with other anaesthetic agents.
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PMID:Oral dantrolene prevents rise of myoglobin due to suxamethonium. 405 Nov 57

The efficacy and safety of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium and piperacillin were compared in a clinical trial of 78 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections. There were 37 evaluable patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and 39 in the piperacillin-treated group. The 43 infection sites in each group were primarily complicated pyelonephritis or complicated cystitis; six patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and four in the piperacillin-treated group also had septicemia. Both ticarcillin (3 g) plus clavulanate potassium (200 mg) and piperacillin (125 to 200 mg/kg per day) were administered intravenously. The 43 most common pathogens in each treatment group were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the urinary tract and E. coli from the blood. Eight pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group were resistant to ticarcillin in vitro. Eradication was achieved for 39 of the 43 (91 percent) pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium group, including all six organisms isolated from the blood and eight (89 percent) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. In the piperacillin-treated group, 33 of the 43 (77 percent) pathogens were eradicated, including three of the four blood isolates but only eight (73 percent) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. The rate of reinfection or relapse was similar in both groups. Clinical cure or improvement occurred in 97 percent of the patients in each group. Mild and transient increases in levels of liver enzymes or eosinophilia was reported for 11 patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and for seven in the piperacillin-treated group. In one patient in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group, a drug-related rash and nausea developed, and treatment was discontinued.
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PMID:Comparative study of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium versus piperacillin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections. 407 1

The metabolic response to human growth hormone (HGH) was studied in five obese subjects in the fed state and during prolonged (5-6 wk) starvation. In the fed state (three subjects), HGH induced an elevation in basal serum insulin concentration, a minimal increase in blood and urine ketone levels, and a marked reduction in urinary nitrogen and potassium excretion resulting in positive nitrogen and potassium balance. In prolonged fasting (four subjects), HGH administration resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in serum insulin which preceded a 50% elevation in blood glucose. Persistence of the lipolytic effects of HGH was indicated by a rise in free fatty acids and glycerol. The response differed markedly from the fed state in that blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels rose by 20-40%, resulting in total blood ketone acid concentrations of 10-12 mmoles/liter, ketonuria of 150-320 mmoles/day, and increased urinary potassium loss. The subjects complained of nausea, vomiting, weakness, and myalgias. Despite a 50% reduction in urea excretion during HGH administration, total nitrogen loss remained unchanged as urinary ammonia excretion rose by 50% and correlated directly with the degree of ketonuria. It is concluded that in prolonged starvation (a) HGH may have a direct insulinotropic effect on the beta cell independent of alterations in blood glucose concentration, (b) persistence of the lipolytic action of HGH results in severe exaggeration of starvation ketosis and interferes with its anticatabolic action by necessitating increased urinary ammonia loss, and (c) failure of HGH to reduce net protein catabolism in starvation suggests that this hormone does not have a prime regulatory role in conserving body protein stores during prolonged fasting.
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PMID:Metabolic response to human growth hormone during prolonged starvation. 554 Jan 76

Effects of a new low-dosage combination oral contraceptive containing .5 mg WY3707 (a progestational substance) plus .05 mg ethinyl estradiol were studied on 30 normal women. Findings based on 25 patients remaining in the study for 5 months indicate a weight gain (64%), a tendency to hypo- and oligomenorrhea (58.3%), headache (52%), dizziness (44%) and nausea (20%) as common side-effects. Blood pressure recordings were below 140/90 and had no major variations. Blood sodium and potassium levels, measured before therapy initiation and 2 and 5 months after use, showed no significant changes. Discussion centers on 20 previous studies relating oral contraceptives to blood electrolytes and pressure and weight and menstrual changes.
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PMID:Effect of a new low-dosage oral contraceptive pill on blood electrolytes. A combined clinical and laboratory evaluation. 576 88

16 patients with recurrent or metastatic carcinomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tract underwent a total of 55 courses of chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Bleomycin. The cytostatic treatment was performed under outpatient conditions. 0.75 mg./kg. Cisplatin was administered at intervals of 5-8 weeks. In addition, 15 mg. Bleomycin was administered weekly. Hydratation and diuresis were forced by 1000 ml. 0,9% NaCl solution and 1000 ml. levulose 5% with potassium substitution and 250 ml. mannitol 10% after an initial injection of 2 ml. Furosemid. The treatment was generally well tolerated. A nausea lasting 1-3 days was observed after Cisplatin application. Remission of tumours, stopping of tumour progression and a reduction of pain was achieved. The "performance status" was maintained. In 6 cases there was no effect.
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PMID:[Ambulatory combination therapy with cisplatin, bleomycin (DDP-BLM) in recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors of the head and neck]. 619 84


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